PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION

This study investigates the hull resistance and pressure distribution of a container vessel operating in both freshwater and saltwater environments using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. The analysis employs the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations with the k–ω SST turbulence model and the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method to accurately capture hydrodynamic behavior around the hull. Results reveal that total resistance increases quadratically with speed in both environments but is consistently higher in saltwater due to its greater density and viscosity, which amplify dynamic pressure and wave-making effects. Pressure contour analysis shows high-pressure zones at the bow and low-pressure regions near the stern, influencing overall resistance characteristics. The findings emphasize the significance of environmental conditions on vessel performance, offering
valuable insights for hull form optimization, propulsion efficiency, and energysaving ship design