comparative

This comparative study investigated the effects of preservative and preservative-free artificial tears on tear stability among dry eye patients. The participants completed the OSDI questionnaire to determine their subjective observations. A randomized controlled trial was used to group the participants. Tear film stability was assessed using fluorescein invasive tear break-up time (FTBUT), Schirmer’s test was carried out to determine the tear flow rate, the results were compared between the two groups. The results showed that the mean values for TBUT for Hypromellose were 6.25 ± 0.33 before and 6.75 ± 0.31seconds after, for Refresh was 6.40 ± 0.40 before and 7.55 ± 0.42 seconds after. Also, the mean values for TFR for Hypromellose were 8.36 ± 0.50 before and 8.61 ± 0.50 seconds after, for refresh was 9.69 ± 0.54 before and 10.05 ± 0.55 after seconds. The results obtained were analyzed using the SSPS 22.0. T-test and one- way ANOVA were used to compare the mean FTBUT and TFR values between both groups, the p values were 0.64 and 0.68 respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the tear film stability and tear flow rate between both groups after four weeks (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the results of this study showed that there was no notable difference between preservative artificial tears and preservative-free artificial tears on tear film stability and tear flow rate. It is recommended that clinicians can confidently recommend both preservative and preservative-free artificial tears as effective management options for dry eye. KEYWORDS: Dry eye syndrome, Artificial tears, Preservative, TBUT

Comparative Performance analysis of Selected Working Fluids in a low temperature organic RankineCycle forWasteHeatrecoveryApplication. The global imperative to improve energy efficiency necessitates the effective recovery of low- gradewast heat,achallengeperfectlyaddressedbytheorganicRankineCycle (ORC)technology. This project undertakes a comprehensive comparative analysis of selected candidate organic
working fluids – including Ethanol, Toluene, Cyclopentane, R245fa, R1233zd(E) and R152a, drawn fromthe categories ofdry,wet andisentropic fluids,withina low temperatureORCsystem designed for industrial waste heat recovery. The primary goal isto identify the optimal fluid that maximizesthermodynamic performance under a specified heatsource temperature (e.g 206 0Cto 123.70C). A thermodynamic model was developed to simulate the cycle’s performance. The selected fluids areevaluatedagainstkeymetricssuchasnetworkandthermal efficiency. Initial simulation results reveal significant variability in cycle performance, depending on the fluid’s criticaltemperature,boilingpointandcondensationtemperatures andpressures. The findings provide a data driven basisforselecting aworking fluid that not only achieves higher power generation but also minimizes system’s complexity and investment cost, thereby acceleratingthedeploymentofsustainablelowtemperaturewasteheatrecoverysystems

This study investigates the phytochemical compositiopn and antimicrobial potential of Justicia carnea root extracts. The research aims to evaluate the presence of key bioactive compounds and assess their efficacy against selected pathogenic microorganisms. Standard laboratory techniques were employed for phytochemical screening and antimicrobial testing using various solvent extractsq. Results revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds, indicating the plant’s rich medicinal value. The extracts exhibited notable inhibitory effects against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, suggesting broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. These findings support the traditional use of Justicia carnea in herbal medicine and highlight its potential as a source of natural therapeutic agents.

Time series data consists of information collected over time, often at regular intervals, which can quickly accumulate in large volumes. To analyze and present this data effectively, it needs to be stored in a way that is easy to access. Database Management Systems (DBMSs) are commonly used for this purpose. There are various types of DBMSs, each with distinct advantages and disadvantages that involves different trade-offs regarding their features. In this study, we compare the performance of two different DBMSs for managing time series data. The first is PostgreSQL, a widely used relational DBMS enhanced by the Timescale DB extension designed for time series. The second is Mongo DB, a leading NoSQL system that offers built-in support for time series data. Investigation was made to ascertain which of these DBMS is better suited for time series data by analyzing their query execution times. Two databases were setup using sample time series dataspecifically, publicly available weather. A series of test queries were conducted simulate real world scenarios and measure their execution times The results are analyzed on a query-by-query basis to highlight performance between two systems, with PostgreSQL outperforming MongoDB on some queries (by over two orders of magnitude) while MongoDB was faster on others (by more than 30 times in one case). It was concluded that certain queries and their related real-world applications may favor one DBMS over the other, based on how well the query structure aligns with the system’s strength. Additional factor was discussed that may affect each DBMSs query execution efficiency and consider potential improvements.

This study examined a comparative analysis of parenting styles and their impact on
academic performance of senior secondary school students in Ovia North-East Local
Government Area of Edo State. The population comprised of all senior secondary school
students in Ovia North-East, while a sample of 300 students was selected using simple
random sampling technique. The research aimed to determine how different parenting
styles namely, authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful, influence students’ academic achievements. The study employed a quantitative descriptive survey design to
examine the impact of different parenting styles on students’ academic performance. A
structured questionnaire was used to gather data from respondents categorized according
to four major parenting styles: authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful. The findings revealed that students raised under authoritative parenting recorded the highest level of academic performance of (60%), followed by students raised under authoritarian parenting (44.7%). In contrast, permissive and neglectful parenting styles
produced fewer students with high academic achievement recording 31.6% and 20%
respectively. Students raised under neglectful or uninvolved parenting styles recoded the
highest percentage of low academic performance (33.3%), which implies that students
with minimal or no parental guidance or support are prone to poor academic performance. The computed Chi-square (χ²) value of 43.2 with 6 degrees of freedom at the 0.05 level of significance indicated a significant relationship between parenting style and students’ academic performance. The study concludes that the authoritative parenting style has the most positive influence on students’ academic achievement and recommends that parents adopt a balanced, supportive, and communicative approach to child-rearing to enhance
their children’s educational outcomes