PGD Project

This project focuses on developing an intelligent system for heart disease prediction usingAdaptiveNeuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). Cardiovascular diseaseisaleading cause of mortality worldwide, necessitating improved diagnostic tools. The proposedsystem leverages the strengths of neural networks and fuzzy logic to handle the complexitiesanduncertainties inherent in medical data. The ANFIS model is optimized using GAto enhancetheaccuracy of predictions. The system was tested on the UCI Cleveland heart disease dataset, achieving a satisfactory accuracy rate of 91.25%. This indicates the potential of the systemtoassistclinicians in making reliable diagnoses based on a combination of key medical attributes. Futurework may involve extending the system to diagnose other complex diseases and incorporatingadditional heuristic algorithms to further refine model performance

A compact disc, sometimes referred to as a CD, is an optical digital mediumthat canholdvarious types of data, including documents, audio, photos, and video. Understandingthebacterial load in stored CD plates is crucial to ensuring the longevity and integrity of CDs. Thisstudy determined the impact of temperature and relative humidity on bacteria load of storedCDplates at different locations (laboratory, lecture theatre and office). Thirty-six (36) CDplateswere purchased and positioned at these different locations (as opened, closed with perforationsand burnt with short video clips and opened). Temperature and relative humidity were monitoredwith thermometer and hygrometer, while bacterial count and identification were basedonstandard procedures for four weeks. Results obtained showed a fluctuation in temperature everyweek, but generally within the range of room temperature (30°C - 37°C) conversely, relativehumidity increased weekly in the studied locations. Bacteria counts of all CDplates studiedincreased with increase in humidity with time. Bacteria isolated from studied CDplates wereBacillus mycoides, Pseudomonads aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus pumilus, Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescans. Conclusively, relative humidity had a positivecorrelation with bacteria load of the studies CD plate, while temperature had little effect onbacterial counts.

This research was conducted to examine the coverage of newCBNpolicyonredesigned naira note, by select mainstream newspapers in Nigeria. Its aimwereto, ascertain the level of coverage given to CBN new policy on redesigned nairanote, find out what prominence was given to new CBN policy on redesigned nairanote, ascertain the possible position of newspapers in the newspaper reportage of CBNpolicy on redesigned naira note, determine the pattern of reports given to reportageon new CBN policy on redesigned naira note and lastly ascertain the frequencyofstories on the CBN policy on redesigned naira note. The content analysis methodwas adopted to carefully collect data from newspaper stories published fromOctober26, 2022 to February 2023. A total of 71 editions of both vanguard and guardiannewspapers, were collated and analyzed. The study was anchored on the Agendasetting theory and the media dependency theory. The findings of the researchrevealed that; Media organizations in Nigeria, gave a high level of reportage onCBNpolicy on redesigned naira note, media organizations did not give prominence tothereportage of activities on CBN policy on redesigned naira note, media organizationsfailed in their correlation or interpretative function as most of the items onthesubject matter were reported as straight news, newspapers in Nigeria werenot
frequent enough with the reportage of CBN policy on redesigned naira note, mediaorganizations is on the negative stand point on the issue of CBNpolicyonredesigned naira note, media organizations, covered more items on criticismandreactions of the public on the policy. The researcher however recommends that;
Media organizations should avoid adding too much emotions to their newstories, sothat the audience will not get too emotional and miss the message, on issuesofgovernment policies, media organizations, should be more frequent in the reportageof stories, that has to do with policies at its early stage, rather than engagingintherush hour approach, to ensure proper understanding, more media practitioners shouldbe trained on financial analysis, so that when any policy that has to do withfinance, is made by the government, they will be able to conduct proper analysis on it, whiletrying to represent the public, on issues of government policies, the media shouldplace more focus on stories that will enlighten the members of the public rather thanprojecting stories of attack and problems emanating from the policy, the mediashould try as much as possible to be on a neutral position and uphold truthandaccuracy, so that they will not present the government in a bad light.

This study presents a comprehensive technical analysis of Christmas tree systems in offshore platforms, focusing on their development and completion.The analysis encompasses the design, installation, operation, and maintenance of
Christmas tree systems, highlighting the complex interactions between technical, operational, and environmental factors and Advanced numerical methods.Furthermore, the advance numerical method that was employed is a comprehensive structural integrity analysis of Christmas tree systems in offshoreplatforms using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The FEA model was developed to simulate the behavior of the Christmas tree system under various operational loads, including internal pressure, external pressure, and valve actuation forces. The results of the analysis showed that the Christmas tree system can withstand the applied loads without compromising its structural integrity. The FEA model was validated by comparing the results with analytical solutions and experimental data. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of FEA in evaluating the structural integrity of Christmas tree systems and provides valuable insights for optimizing their design and operation.

Justicia carnea (Jacobinia or Jehovah’s witness plant in Nigeria) is a medicinal plant used
widely in Nigeria and reported to have blood-boosting ability. It is also reported to have diverse
antimicrobial functions. The plant, Justicia carnea was subjected to the soxhlet method of extraction. The aqueous and
ethanol extracts were screened for antimicrobial effects against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis. Antimicrobial activity was
determined using agar well diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and
minimum bacteriocidal concentration (MBC) were determined by broth microdilution method. Phytochemical constituents were also evaluated. Toxicity of the extracts was done by evaluating
the haematological and histopathological effects on Wistar albino rats. The animals were
randomly grouped into seven groups of three rats with each group receiving distilled water
(control), MIC of aqueous and ethanol extract, MBC of aqueous and ethanol extract, four times
the MIC of aqueous extract and four times MIC of ethanol extract respectively. The ethanol extract was seen to be the most active against all the species. Zones of inhibition for
the aqueous extract ranged from 8.1mm to 21.4mm, while that of the ethanol extract ranged from
10.2mm to 21.8mm. The lowest MIC and MBC were observed against Proteus mirabilis. Phytochemicals present were alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, glycosides, anthraquinones, phenolics, tannins and steroids. There was a slight increase in red blood cells, platelet counts, and packed cell volume of blood, but however not significant. A decrease was
observed with the white blood cells. Histopathological examination of the liver and kidney
showed an adverse pathological effect. The result of the study suggests that both extracts of
Justicia carnea have high antimicrobial activity.

The persistent use of manual methods in property management within Benin City, EdoState, Nigeria, poses significant challenges, including inefficiency, time consumption, and increasedrisk of inaccuracies. This study aims to investigate the applications of Geographic InformationSystems (GIS) in enhancing estate management practices in Benin City by assessing the rateofadoption, identifying commonly used GIS tools and software, and exploring the challengeshindering the implementation of GIS technology. A descriptive survey research designwasadopted, targeting all 66 registered estate surveying and valuation firms in Benin Cityusingatotal enumeration sampling technique. Data collection was carried out using structuredquestionnaires, which were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequencycounts, percentages, means, and standard deviations. Findings indicate that GIS adoption in propertymanagement is low, with only 29.4% of firms reporting its use despite 88.24%of respondentsbeing familiar with the technology. Most firms (70.6%) have not adopted GIS, and 96.1%ofrespondents disagreed that its use is widespread. Staff training on GIS remains limited, with80.4% of respondents stating that their firms have not invested in such programs. However, 68.6% agree that the benefits of GIS are well understood, indicating that barriers to adoptionaredue to technical and financial constraints rather than a lack of awareness. ArcGISandQGISemerged as the most commonly used GIS software, but their utilization remains limitedduetocost and inadequate technical knowledge. The study concludes that while awareness of GIStechnology is high among property management professionals, its adoption is hinderedbyinsufficient training and financial constraints. It recommends that estate management firmsinvest in staff training programs, collaborate with technology providers to access affordableGISsolutions, and adopt policies that encourage the integration of GIS into property management
operations. Further research is recommended to explore the long-term impacts of GISadoptionon property valuation accuracy and client satisfaction.

A compact disc, sometimes referred to as a CD, is an optical digital mediumthat canholdvarious types of data, including documents, audio, photos, and video. Understandingthebacterial load in stored CD plates is crucial to ensuring the longevity and integrity of CDs. Thisstudy determined the impact of temperature and relative humidity on bacteria load of storedCDplates at different locations (laboratory, lecture theatre and office). Thirty-six (36) CDplateswere purchased and positioned at these different locations (as opened, closed with perforationsand burnt with short video clips and opened). Temperature and relative humidity were monitoredwith thermometer and hygrometer, while bacterial count and identification were basedonstandard procedures for four weeks. Results obtained showed a fluctuation in temperature everyweek, but generally within the range of room temperature (30°C - 37°C) conversely, relativehumidity increased weekly in the studied locations. Bacteria counts of all CDplates studiedincreased with increase in humidity with time. Bacteria isolated from studied CDplates wereBacillus mycoides, Pseudomonads aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus pumilus, Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescans. Conclusively, relative humidity had a positivecorrelation with bacteria load of the studies CD plate, while temperature had little effect onbacterial counts.

Pediatric ocular trauma is a significant public health concern, with potential long-termconsequences on vision and quality of life. This study was aimed at investigating the severityandmanagement of pediatric ocular injuries in Sapele, Delta State. A retrospective study was carriedout to analyze the clinical record of pediatric patients that presented to Central Hospital withinJanuary 1
st, 2020 to October 1
st, 2024. A total of 223 patients, males 139 (62.3%) and females84(37.7%), were found to have pediatric ocular injury with a mean age of 11.46 ± 4.7. Themost
common type of injury sustained was the closed globe injury (76.1%) followed by openglobeinjury (6.7%) while thermal injury (1.8%) was the least frequently seen. Injuries were foundtobe caused by physical assault (14.4%), broomsticks (6.3%) and even self-inflicted (5.3%). Thecornea was the most affected structure (57.4%) by pediatric ocular injury. An initial visual acuityof 6/6 was recorded (22.6%) for a good percentage of the patients that were compliant. Therewas a statistically significant relationship between the initial visual acuity and the cause of injury(p<0.05). Majority of pediatric ocular injuries (87.9%) that presented to the hospital weremanaged medically. Corneal ulcer was the most common (n=77) diagnosis of pediatric patientsthat visited the hospital and it took an average of one week to heal. More than half of thepediatric patients had mild injuries (57.8%). Chi-square test was used to determine if therewassignificant relationship between the severity of injury and initial visual acuity. The result gavep<0.05 showing that there was a statistically significant relationship. 49 eyes (22.0%) of the
xi
patients were found to have a visual acuity of <3/60-NLP at presentation, while 23(10.3%) werefound to have severe visual impairment after treatment. There is a significant risk of visual lossassociated with ocular trauma and thus, the need for effective methods to prevent its occurrence. Keywords: Pediatric ocular trauma, corneal ulcer, severe visual impairment, visual acuity.

There has been disagreement on the extent to which tax revenue contribute to the development of the Nigerian economy. This study aims to assess the impact of tax administration on economic development in Nigeria. The study investigated the influence of four tax revenue streams ; Income tax from companies’ profits, income tax from personal Income, Petroleum Profits tax and Value Added Tax on economic development represented by Human Development Index (HDI). The research employs regression analysis to examine dataontaxation and economic development across a 24-year period from 2000 to 2023. The datawasacquired from the statistics Bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), tax reports of theFederal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS), and the Human Development Report published by theUnited Nations Development Programme (UNDP).The study utilised the autoregressive distributed lag estimator (ADRL) to account for the varying levels of integration among thevariables. The research findings indicate that there is no significant correlation betweenCompanies Income Tax (CIT) and Economic Development (HDI) in Nigeria. There is no significantrelationship between Personal Income Tax and Economic (HDI). PetroleumProfit Tax (PPT) andValue Added Tax (VAT), however, are significantly and positively related to economic development(HDI). The study therefore concludes that taxation can lead to positive economic development in Nigeria if policymakers examine the structure of Companies Income Tax andPersonal Income Tax to address potential leakages or suboptimal utilisation. Their operations of the Value Added Tax and Petroleum Profit Tax should also be strengthened to ensure theycontribute to economic development.

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the value relevanceofaccounting information and listed banks in Nigeria. Specifically, the study examined the effect ofearnings per share, dividend per share, book value per share, and return on equity, onshareprices of banks in Nigeria. Data was extracted from a sample consisting of ten(10) banks quoted on the Nigerianstockexchange between the years 2018-2022. Ordinary Least Square regression model was employedin estimating the data and testing the formulated hypothesis before interpretation of results. The findings revealed that value relevance of accounting information was positively relatedtoshare price but the relationship was found to be insignificant. The study also revealedthat
earnings per share and book value per share are not significant to share prices of Nigerianbanks. The findings also revealed that there is a significant and positive relationship between returnonequity and share price of banks in Nigeria while dividend per share was found to be negativelysignificant to share prices.