COLLEGE OF MEDICAL SCIENCE

Chronic kidney disease poses a significant psychosocial burden, particularly among patients undergoing long-term dialysis in low-resource settings. This study assesse psychosocial challenges and coping strategies among patients receiving dialysis treatment in a tertiary institution in Benin City. A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed, and data were collected using a structured questionnaire from 100, selected through a purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, frequency tables) and inferential analysis, with significance established at p < 0.05. Findings revealed that a substantial proportion of patients experienced high levels of psychological distress, including anxiety (72.0%) and depressive symptoms (65.3%), largely attributed to prolonged treatment duration and uncertainty about prognosis. Financial strain was reported by 81.4% of respondents, with many struggling to consistently afford dialysis sessions, medications, and transportation. Social challenges included withdrawal from socialactivities (58.7%) and feelings of dependency (62.5%). Despite these challenges, the majority of respondents adopted spiritual coping strategies (78.9%), followed by reliance on family support (69.4%) and acceptance of illness (54.2%). However, professional psychological support services were poorly utilized (18.0%) due to stigma and limited availability within dialysis units. A statistically significant association was found between financial burden and psychological stress levels (p = 0.002), as well as between coping strategy adoption and overall emotional adjustment (p = 0.004). The study concludes that dialysis patients face complex psychosocial that extend beyond clinical care. It recommends integration of mental health services, social support systems, and financial subsidy programs into dialysis care to enhance patient well-being and treatment adherence.

Colistin, a "last-resort" antibiotic for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections, has seen increasing use, leading to the emergence of colistin-resistant strains.The primary aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of colistin-resistant Enterobacterales in composted manure samples collected from different farms in Benin City,Nigeria.This study was carried out in some selected poultry farms within Benin City,Nigeria .A cross-sectional study which involved collecting composted manure samples from each selected site using sterile containers.Samples were homogenized in buffered peptone water within 24 hours
post collection from the farm.The composted manure were cultured on Mac-Conkey agar plate and incubated at 370c for 18-24 hours.Isolates were identified based on colonial morphology,motility,lactose fermentation,Gram staining reaction andbiochemical tests(indole, citrate, oxidase and urease tests) The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Broth macrodilution was used to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of colistin in calcium enhanced mueller- Hinton broth (MIC ≤ 2). A total of 11 enterobacterales were isolated from 272 compost manure samples, consisting of 5 isolate of Escherichia coli, 3 isolates of klebsiella species, 2 isolate of proteus species and 1 isolate of providencia spp. Of the 5 E. coli samples isolated, 1(20%) showed collistin resistance. Of the 3 Klebsiella spp isolated none showed resistance
to colistin. 2 Proteus samples were isolated, all of which showed resistance to colistin. Only one isolate of Providencia was found and showed resistance to colistin in the single isolate found.The total prevalence of colistin resistance in isolatedenterobacterales was 4/11(36.4%).This study revealed a concerning prevalence of colistin resistance among Enterobacterales isolated from composted manure in Benin City,Nigeria, with resistance observed in key pathogens including E. coli,Proteus spp and Providencia spp. These findings highlight the critical role of environmental reservoirs in the spread of antibiotic resistance and underscore the potential public health implications, particularly in the context of last-resort treatments for multidrug-resistant infections

The quality of edible oils is a critical factor for consumer health, yet deterioration through hydrolysis and oxidation can lead to rancidity and the formation of toxic compounds. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the quality of commercially available Glycine max (Soya Bean Oil), Elaeis guineensis (Palm Kernel Oil), and Gossypium hirsutum (Cotton Seed Oil) by determining key degradation indices. Oils were extracted from seeds sourced from a local market using the Soxhlet method. The acid value (AV), percentage free fatty acid (%FFA), and peroxide value (PV) were determined in triplicate for each oil sample using standard titrimetric methods (AOCS). The results revealed profound disparities in quality among the oils. Soya Bean Oil exhibited acceptable quality, characterized by a low acid value (3.35 ± 0.03 mg KOH/g), low %FFA (1.68 ± 0.02%), and a moderate peroxide value (13.07 ± 0.92 meq/kg). In stark contrast, Palm Kernel Oil and Cotton Seed Oil were of exceptionally poor quality, displaying extremely high acid values (23.30 ± 3.02 and 26.13 ± 2.75 mg KOH/g, respectively) and alarmingly high peroxide values (99.59 ± 0.80 and 107.49 ± 3.78 meq/kg, respectively). These findings indicate that while the SBO was of acceptable quality, the palm kernel oil and cotton seed oil samples exhibited severe hydrolytic and oxidative rancidity, far exceeding international safety standards and rendering them unsuitable for consumption. This study highlighted a critical public health issue regarding the quality of some oils available in local markets and underscores the urgent need for stricter quality control measures throughout the supply chain to mitigate health risks associated with consuming degraded oils.

Chasmanthera dependens is commonly used in Africa traditional system for the management of several pathologies. This research was designed to asses the phytochemical and antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of Chasmanthera dependens roots. The result of the qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoid, tannins, Terpeniods, reducing sugars, saponins and proanthovyanindins in the extract. The quantitative phytochemical screening further confirmed the concentration of flavonoid(8.61±0.74) tannins(87.05±1.27), proanthoncyanidins (45.1±1.5) and phenols(199.1±1.9). In vitro antioxidant properties of the extract has antioxidant properties as revealed by it's ferric acid antioxidant power (FRAP), and reducing potential. The phytochemicals in the extract was further identified and quantified by HPLC screening. The HPLC fingerprinting revealed a reported activity of Phytochemical with rich medicinal value. The study also shows that Chasmanthera dependens scavenged DPPH (16.59) reducing power increases in absorbance as the concentration of the plant increased. Conclusively this study provide more information on the medicinal use of Chasmanthera dependens and its good antioxidant properties.

Background: The need and demand for health care services is a constant part of our lives in the modern day world and both patients’ perception of and satisfaction with the quality of care they receive influence several aspects of how they interact with the health care system. With the backdrop of notable challenges facing the health care sector in our environment including being
overburdened by common communicable and non-communicable diseases, poor infrastructure, poor availability of personnel, under investment in the sector and a very high prevalence of out- of-pocket payments which may all contribute to poor satisfaction and perception of health care facilities Objectives: To assess the perception of and satisfaction with health services among out-patients in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City in order to improve out-patients’ experience with health care services. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was utilized for this study. Three hundred and forty participants were selected using multi-stage sampling techniques. Data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire comprising both
opened ended and closed questions. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25.0 and a p <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean age group of the respondents was 37.14 ± 12.38 years. Out of the total
respondents, 336 (98.8%) had good perception with UBTH out-patient services while 4 (1.2%) had poor perception with UBTH out-patient services. Three hundred and twenty three (95.0%) of them had good satisfaction while 17 (5.0%) had poor satisfaction with UBTH out-patient vii services. It was identified that religion and level of education were the significant factors affecting perception as their p value were < 0.05. Also, from the study religion, level of education, skill level and number of clinic visit were positively associated with satisfaction
regarding UBTH out-patient services.
Conclusion: Majority of the respondents had good perception and satisfaction about out- patient
services in UBTH. This is due to the attitude and behavior of the healthcare professionals which plays a significant role in out- patient satisfaction. The study demonstrated that individuals' religious affiliations, gender, level of education, and the frequency of clinic visits collectively contribute to shaping their experiences within the healthcare system.

Malnutrition is the single biggest contributor to under-five mortality due to greater susceptibility to
infections and slow recovery from illness. Every year, an estimated 2.5 million under-five children
in Nigeria suffer from severe acute malnutrition and this makes them vulnerable and nine times
more likely to die from diarrhea, acute respiratory tract infection and fever. This interaction
between malnutrition and infection creates a potentially lethal cycle of worsening illness and
deteriorating nutritional status. OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between the nutritional status and morbidity pattern of
under-five children in Benin-City, Edo State Nigeria. METHODS: This was a community-based cross-sectional study carried out among 771 mother- child pairs that were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. A structured, pre-tested, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on demographic and socio- economic characteristics, dietary pattern, morbidity pattern and child health practices while
nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric methods. Focus group discussions guide was
used to collect data on maternal knowledge, attitude and practices on child health and infant and
young child feeding. Data was analyzed using Software Statistical Package for Scientific Solutions
(SPSS) version 20.0 manufactured by IBM incorporated and the level of statistical significance was
set at a p< 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 771 mother-child pair participated in this study. The mean age of the
participants was 27.3 ±15.9 months. The results showed that 215 (27.9%) mothers had introduced
complementary foods to their children at the appropriate time. The most consumed food were foodsren. Only 113 (14.7%) of children had an adequately diverse diet, in which they
made from grains, roots and tubers; 26.9% among breastfeeding children and 73.1% among non- breastfeeding child

Background: The Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) causes more than 95% of cervical cancer worldwide. HPV infection is the most common viral infection of the reproductive tract. In Nigeria, prevalence is high across all female age groups, but is highest among persons aged 15-23 years. Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide and the most common cancer of the female reproductive tract. HPV-related diseases including cervical cancer can successfully be prevented by prophylactic vaccination. Objective: To determine the knowledge, sociocultural barriers, and hesitancy to HPV vaccine among caregivers of adolescents in Benin city, in order to decrease the burden of cervical cancer in Nigeria. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 397 caregivers of adolescents in Evboumore community, selected using multi-staged sampling technique. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires with open and close ended questions. Data was entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for the International Business Machines Corporation Social Science (IBM SPSS) version 25.0 software with statistical significance set at p < 0.05 and 95% confidence interval. Results: The response rate was 100%. Most of the respondents in this study were between the age group of 30 – 39 years with mean age (±SD) of 39.89 ± 8.97. Majority of the respondents had poor knowledge about HPV (72.8%) and HPV vaccine (80.9%). This study identified distance, misinformation and unavailability of the vaccines as the major sociocultural barriers to HPV vaccination. And 41.4% expressed hesitance towards future HPV vaccination of their adolescents.
Conclusion: Most of the respondents were not aware of HPV and HPV vaccine. Majority of the respondents had poor knowledge concerning HPV and HPV vaccine. Distance, misinformation and unavailability of the vaccines were identified as the major sociocultural barriers to HPV vaccination. About half of the respondents were vaccine hesitant

Aging men with low plasma Testosterone concentration could be at risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD): a leading cause of one third of deaths worldwide. Dislipidaemia, high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, obesity, and physical inactivity are the major risk factors that cause CVD. Of these risk factors, dyslipidaemia which is described as elevated plasma concentration of lipids is the major risk factor and predictor of CVD. The major plasma lipids are Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL- C) and Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and they have all been incriminated as aetiological factors in cardiovascular diseases. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between plasma total testosterone and atherogenic lipid profile in predicting cardiovascular diseases of men in our study group. A total of 188 apparently healthy male subjects resident in Benin City, Nigeria, aged between 18 and 75 years, were selected for this study. The subjects were divided into three (3) groups - Group A (control); male participants aged 18 -39 years (n = 94), Group B (test); male participants aged 40 - 59 years (n = 47) and Group C (test); male participants aged 60 - 75 years (n = 47). Blood samples were collected after an overnight fast; TT was assayed using the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique; fasting blood glucose (FBG) and lipids (TG, TC, and HDL-C) were assayed using enzyme – based colorimetric methods. LDL-C, Body mass index (BMI), Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were calculated using appropriate formulae, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were measured using a sphygmomanometer. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 software. TT levels were observed to be lower with increasing age and this was statistically significant, (P ˂ 0.001). The concentrations of Fasting Blood Glucose, lipids (TC, TG, and LDL-C), AIP and BMI were observed to be significantly higher with increasing age, respectively, (P ˂ 0.001). The values of SBP and DBP were also observed to be higher with age and these were significant statistically, (P ˂ 0.001). TT correlated negatively and significantly (P ˂ 0.05) with Age (r =- 0.626, P = 0.000), TC (r = - 0.250, P = 0.015), LDLC (r = - 0.247, P = 0.017), but it was observed to correlate positively and significantly with DBP, (r = 0.205, P = 0.047). AIP correlated positively and significantly with Age (r = 0.0261, p = 0.011), TC (r = 0.404, p = 0.000), TG (r = 0.816, p = 0.000), LDLC (r = 0.473, p = 0.000) but negatively and significantly with HDLC (r = - 0.492, p = 0.000).This study showed that TT is associated with atherogenic lipid; it may therefore be considered a risk factor and a predictive marker for men who are at risk for cardiovascular disease.

For centuries natural products have played a very crucial role in health care and prevention of diseases.Extracts of G. kola have been demonstrated to possess antimicrobial effects and has also been shown to possess hepatoprotective activities. The seed is used to prevent and relieve colic, chest colds and cough and can as well be used to treat headache. The nature of the spermato zoa (their vitality, motility and morphology) and the composition of seminal fluid are important for sperm function. Basic sperm analysis measures the number of spermatozoa (per unit volume and per ejaculate), motility and morphology. This study was carried out on twenty healthy adult male Wistar rats weighing between 200g to 250g. Group A was the control group. Group B was low dose administration group (250mg/kg body weight).Group C was intermediate dose administration group (500mg/kg body weight). Group D was high dose administration group (1000mg/kg body weight) The result of the statistical analysis showed that Garcinia kola caused significant increases (P < 0.05) serum FSH, testosterone and percentage of abnormal sperm cells which in conjuction with the vascular congestion noticed. There was no significant difference in total sperm count, body weight and testes weight. There was significant decrease in sperm motility and morphology.

Foeniculum vulgare, a well-known herbaceous plant widely utilized for tis culinary and medicinal properties in rural communities, this suggests the presence of bioactive compounds with therapeutic effects or action. This study aims at elucidating the medicinal properties of the plant by investigating the mineral and vitamin composition and alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase inhibitory properties of ethanol extracts derived from Foeniculum vulgare. Ethanol extracts of Foeniculum vulgare were prepared using standard extraction techniques, solvent extraction with absolute ethanol as the solvent used, the vitamins and minerals content of the extract were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The in vitro alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase activity of the plant extracts were assessed by subjecting the extracts to enzyme inhibition assays using acarbose as the control for each assay. The results obtained suggest that ethanol extract of Foeniculum vulgare were rich in vitamins, predominantly vitamin C (Ascorbic acid), vitamin B1 (Thiamine) and vitamin B3 (Niacin), also micronutrients like Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) and Cadmium (Cd) were found to be present at varying concentrations. Furthermore, the extracts exhibited significant inhibition of alpha-glucosidase enzymes in vitro, indicating their potential as natural inhibitors of the carbohydrate-digesting enzyme. However, the results indicated little in vitro alpha amylase inhibitory activity. These findings uncover the pharmacological potential of Foeniculum vulgare extracts as functional food ingredients or dietary supplement for managing conditions associated with abnormal carbohydrate metabolism, such as diabetes, by controlling postprandial glucose levels through the inhibition of carbohydrate digestion.