The study examines “The Influence of Graphic Presentation in Newspaper ProductiononReaders’ Patronage in Benin City.” The objectives of this study were to examine the influenceofnewspaper layout on readers' patronage. To determine the effect of photographs and illustrationson readers' decisions to buy newspapers. To assess the impact of colour and visual appeal onreaders' engagement with newspapers. To examine how principles of graphic designcanbeapplied to enhance visual appeal and influence readers' patronage. The study employed theUsesand Gratification Theory and Gestalt Theory of Perception, and the survey research designwithaquestionnaire was used as instrument to collect responses from a sample size of 400. The studydiscovered that newspaper layout plays a central role in readers’ patronage decisions, as readersare more likely to select and engage with newspapers that present information in a clear, organised and accessible manner, while poorly arranged layouts tend to discourage readership. It also found that photographs and illustrations have a consistent influence on purchase decisions, as readers show a clear preference for visually enriched newspapers. In addition, it wasdiscovered that colour and visual appeal significantly shape readers’ engagement by capturingattention and improving the reading experience, though consistency in visual design maynot carry the same immediate weight as initial visual impact. Lastly, it was found that fundamental graphic design principles such as alignment, spacing and balance improve readabilityandsatisfaction. The study then recommended that newspaper publishers should prioritize cleanandwell-structured page layouts by maintaining clear alignment, spacing, and visual hierarchytoimprove readability and make content easier for readers to navigate. Moreso, editors shouldensure the consistent use of high-quality photographs and illustrations in news stories, especiallyon front pages. In addition, newspapers should apply colour intentionally and sparingly, usingit to highlight important stories and sections while maintaining visual balance, so as to enhanceappeal without creating visual clutter. Lastly, it was recommended that media organisationsshould adopt and maintain strong graphic design standards across all editions, ensuringconsistency in typography, layout style.

Team-based care is an approach to healthcare delivery that aims to improve patient safety, streamline clinical workflows, and reduce clinical errors. While collaborative models are known to improve patient outcomes, their implementation in everyday practice can be limited by varied levels of awareness, traditional hospital hierarchies, and communication xvi gaps among healthcare professionals. This study assessed the knowledge and perception of team- based care among clinical staff in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH), Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted among 418 clinical staff at UBTH, selected using a stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected using a pretested, structured, self-administered questionnaire covering sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of team-based care principles, overall perception of interprofessional collaboration, and factors influencing its practical implementation. Knowledge and perception scores were categorized as good (≥50%) or poor (<50%). Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 27.0. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression were used as appropriate. Results: The mean age of respondents was 36.84 ± 8.65 years, with the largest proportion (45.1%) in the 30–39 years age group. Most respondents (58.2%) were nurses, while 31.4% comprised doctors, pharmacists, and other clinical professionals. Overall, 88.5% of respondents had previously heard of team-based care, with clinical meetings and departmental seminars being the most common sources of information (54.0%). A total of 72.0% had good knowledge of team-based care frameworks, and 84.0% held a positive perception toward its practice. Professional cadre was significantly associated with knowledge (\chi^2 = 26.14, p < 0.001), and years of clinical work experience was also significantly associated with knowledge (\chi^2 = 8.45, p = 0.012). Conclusion: Although overall baseline knowledge of team-based care was moderate, with 72.0% of respondents demonstrating good knowledge, the majority of clinical staff held a positive perception toward interprofessional collaboration (84%). These findings suggest that xvii while readiness to adopt collaborative care is high among staff, practical execution faces systemic institutional challenges. Routine interprofessional training workshops, formalized hospital guidelines, and the early introduction of team-based modules in undergraduate medical and health curricula are recommended to improve collaborative healthcare delivery at UBTH. Keywords: Team-based care; knowledge; perception; clinical staff; interprofessional collaboration; UBTH; Nigeria.

Consuming toxic chemicals and substances can induce gastric damage to the stomach, which can result in serious medical disorders, cancer, and even death. Traditional herbs are being studied and processed into contemporary medications that are used to treat a variety of illnesses and medical issues. Mistletoe extracts have a long history of usage as secondary treatments for a variety of illnesses. Additionally, they include antioxidants such flavonoids, which have effects both in vitro and in vivo, and they have also been documented to exert specific pharmacological actions (such as cytotoxic and immunomodulatory). This study was carried out to investigate the effects of aqueous extract of mistletoe on lead acetate˗induced gastric damage in adult Wistar rats. Thirty (30) Wistar rats weighing between 150g and 250g were grouped into six; Group A, B, C, D, E and F. Each groups was made of up 5 rats and the rats were fed with grower mash feed (Primer Feed mill, Nigeria) and had free access to water throughout the entire period of study. Group A served as control. Group B rats were given 10mg/kg of lead acetate and 200mg/kg extract of Mistletoe (low dose). Group C rats were given 10mg/kg of lead acetate and 400mg/kg extract of Mistletoe (intermediate dose). Group D were given 10mg/kg of lead acetate and 800mg/kg extract of Mistletoe (high dose). Group E were given 10mg/kg of lead acetate only. Group F were given 10mg/kg of lead acetate and standard drug 500mg/kg (Omeprazole). After receiving the treatment for 28 days, the rats were sacrificed. Choloform was used to render the rats unconscious. The stomach was removed, weighed, and placed in 10% formal˗saline to prevent autolysis before being sent to the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) histopathology department for tissue processing and histological evaluation. The results from this research shows that there was significant increase (P<0.05) of body weight in Group A, B, C, D and F when the initial body weight were compared to the final body weights. There was no significant difference (P˃0.5) of gastrosomatic index across all the groups. There was no significant difference (P˃0.05) of gastric weight across all the groups. The Viscum album extract had a dose dependent ameliorative, therapeutic and protective effect on the gastric damage caused by lead acetate on the stomach as revealed and seen in the histology results.

This study examined the effect of financial technology and financial inclusion on economic growth in selected sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. The specific objectives of the study are to examine the effect of internet penetration and the influence of financial technology application on economic growth in selected SSA countries, while also examine the role of financial access, the extent financial usage impact and how financial quality impact on the economic growth in selected SSA countries. The method of analysis adopted in the study is the panel non-linear autoregressive distributed lags (PNARDL) approach which was chosen because it allows for the capture of the effect of potential asymmetries in the independent variables on the dependent variable. It therefore captures nonlinear dynamics that standard linear models might miss. With stratified sampling technique and the use of data filtering approach 29 countries were included in the study based on data availability, depth of the Fintec space and regionalization within the period 2014 to 2023. The study found that the internet penetration and financial technology significantly promotes economic growth in SSA countries. Similarly, financial access and financial quality were also found to positively promote economic growth while the reverse was the case for financial usage which was found to exhibit a negative relationship towards economic growth. In addition, the asymmetric effects of ICT infrastructure and Fintec are found to be much larger than the beneficial effects of their positive shocks with the coefficients of mobile banking (MBK) and POS agency positive but significant values of 0.185 and 0.002 respectively dwarfed by their respective coefficient of negative changes of -0.721 and -0.172. This result therefore calls for a combination of measures in addressing the digital deficits in SSA countries and also encouraging financial technology and inclusion while ensuring that digital services are stabilised and efficiently used over time to prevent costly disruptions.

The issue of mental capacity as a determinant for legal responsibility and validity has given rise to various judicial precedents and scholarly discourse within the Nigerian Legal system. Recurrently, the courts have been tasked with determining cases where the mental health of an individual is central to the case. This occurs whether in respect of assessing criminal or tortious liability or enforcing contracts. In criminal matters the argument espoused is the incapacity of an individual to form the intention necessary for the offence committed. Whereas, in contract law a person may seek to invalidate an agreement by claiming that at the time of the formation of the contract, they lacked the requisite mental capacity to understand and consider the consequences of the contractual agreement. Therefore, this study majorly examines : what legal effect mental capacity has with regards to criminal responsibility and contractual reliability respectively? What is the legislative framework in place for mental health care in Nigeria ? And lastly how effective are these legislative frameworks in relation to global mental health care standards? The rationale for modern interpretation is based on the constitutional rights of fair hearing, protection of human dignity and freedom from discrimination as provided by section 36, 34 and 42 respectively of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria as (amended). In addition, the provision of section 17(3) of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended), which vests the state with the duty of providing proper health care and health care facilities for individuals in Nigeria. The finding in this study shows that although laws have been enacted to cater for treatment and care of persons with mental disorders and incapacity in Nigeria, such laws do not fully cater for their rights and to a large extent does not align with modern international standards for mental health care.

In today's computing landscape, it is all about the proactive and intelligent solutions that extend beyond the reactive nature of a standard system monitoring solution. This project focuses on creating an AI-based System Monitor and Process Manager for Windows OS in the Rust programming language, with real-time intelligent analysis powered by Google's Gemini API. It overcomes the shortcomings of traditional monitoring solutions, including fixed thresholds, lack of elasticity for changing workloads, and the absence of human-readable insights, by combining Rust's performance and memory safety with cloud-based large language model (LLM) reasoning. Through the use of the sysinfo crate system metrics, such as CPU utilization, memory, disk I/O, and network traffic are collected and packaged into prompts sent to the Gemini 1.5 Flash API, which provides actionable, natural language summaries for each metric that are categorized by anomalies, optimizations, and priorities. High metric accuracy was shown through validation testing with the Windows Task Manager (1– 3% deviation, which is acceptable for real time monitoring). The AI-generated responses have always been relevant to the content, and 75-80% of them contained specific recommendations. The non-technical evaluators and technical evaluators both provided user feedback that showed a great preference for the use of the natural language interface system as opposed to traditional numerical dashboards. Although complete automation of the process was not achieved for security and complexity reasons, the system provides a good proof of concept for the feasibility of a hybrid architecture between a low-level native monitoring system and an AI-based semantic analysis system. The tool can be deployed as standalone tool without any dependency that requires a Windows executable file, which makes it easy to use for both individual and enterprise users. This work presents a novel methodology for proactive system performance management, especially important for resource-constrained systems, and serves as a stepping stone for future advancements such as predictive analytics, automated process control, and local LLM inference. Key components: System monitoring, Windows OS, Rust programming language, Artificial Intelligence, Gemini API, process management, anomaly detection, real-time analysis.

The desecration of religious ethics is a pressing concern in contemporary society, wherethe manipulation and exploitation of faith for personal gain have become increasinglyrampant. This project examines how religious ethics are being desecrated, focusingonthecompromise of religious leaders, institutions, and adherents in perpetuating harmandinjustice. Through a critical analysis of case studies and scholarly literature, this researchreveals the complex dynamics of power, corruption, and moral decay that underliethedesecration of religious ethics. The project concludes by highlighting the needfor arenewed commitment to ethical practices, accountability, to restore the integrityofreligious traditions, and promote a more just and compassionate society

This thesis presents the design and development of an Adaptive Learning Support System that leverages real-time learner analytics, intelligent recommendation techniques, and Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) to enhance personalized education delivery. The proposed system integrates several interconnected modules—including data acquisition, learner state monitoring, adaptive content delivery, personalized recommendations, intelligent interventions, and teacher in-the-loop support—to create a responsive learning environment capable of adjusting to each learner’s unique needs. By analyzing behavioural patterns, content interactions, assessment performance, and contextual factors, the system dynamically recommends suitable learning materials while providing transparent explanations of its decisions. The intelligent services layer ensures scalability, interoperability, and continuous optimization across modules. Overall, the system aims to improve learner performance, engagement, and instructional efficiency, offering a robust and modern approach to adaptive education grounded in computational intelligence, machine learning, and human-centered design principles.

The rapid expansion of digital technology has transformed traditional concepts of contract formation, execution, and enforcement. In Nigeria, digital contracts—ranging from online agreements and e-commerce transactions to fintech-based service contracts—have become increasingly common. However, despite their widespread use, the legal framework governing these electronic agreements remains fragmented and insufficiently developed. This thesis critically examines the legal challenges and emerging opportunities associated with regulating digital contracts in Nigeria. The study evaluates key statutes such as the Evidence Act 2011, the Cybercrimes (Prohibition, Prevention, Etc.) Act 2015, and the pending Electronic Transactions Bill, highlighting gaps in their capacity to address issues such as electronic signatures, admissibility of electronic evidence, jurisdictional complexities, automated contracting, and data protection. Using a doctrinal research methodology, the work draws on primary legislation, judicial decisions, scholarly writings, and comparative legal standards from jurisdictions such as the European Union and the United States. The findings reveal that while Nigerian law recognises electronic evidence and signatures to an extent, significant uncertainties persist in areas such as enforceability, consumer protection, and cross-border digital transactions. The absence of a comprehensive and consolidated statute on digital contracting continues to undermine legal certainty and trust in Nigeria’s digital economy. Nevertheless, the study identifies opportunities for Nigeria to strengthen its regulatory landscape through legislative reform, harmonisation with international best practices, and institutional capacity-building. The thesis concludes that modernising Nigeria’s digital contract framework is essential to promoting commercial growth, safeguarding consumer rights, and ensuring Nigeria’s competitiveness in the global digital marketplace. It recommends the enactment of a robust Electronic Transactions Act, clearer judicial guidelines on electronic evidence, improved data protection mechanisms, and increased public awareness on digital rights and obligations. These reforms, if implemented, will enhance legal predictability and support Nigeria’s transition toward a fully digitised commercial environment.

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