ADMINISTRATION

The administration of criminal justice system in Nigeria has been bedevilled with numerous challenges, but of serious concern is the avoidable delay confronting the system. This delay, more often than not, results from technicalities employed by the defence simply by recourse to the right to object to the voluntariness of confessional statement even when in fact, the defendant may have voluntarily made such statement being objected to. Where such objection is raised, the proper order the court should make in such circumstances is to order trial within trial which usually stalls the substantive case until the voluntariness or otherwise of the said confessional statement is determined. The passage of the Administration of Criminal Justice Act 2015 by the then President Goodluck Ebele Jonathan’s administration has been viewed as a major breakthrough especially in the area of promoting efficient management of criminal justice institutions as well as speeding dispensation of justice in the criminal justice system in Nigeria. The study finds that the Administration of Criminal Justice Act 2015 makes a conscious effort at reducing delays in the system of administration of criminal justice in Nigeria as well as ensuring that the rights of defendants are adequately protected as expressly captured in section 1(1) of the Administration of Criminal Justice Act 2015 (the Act). It is the writer’s view that if the law enforcement agents can strictly adhere to the provisions of the Act which was enacted with a view to curbing the avoidable delays inherent in the system, the issue of trial within trial may become unnecessary in Nigeria courts. The resultant effect of reducing or (in extreme case) eradicating the avoidable trial within trial is that there will be speedy dispensation of justice. The research therefore aims at improving awareness on the need to compel the institutions, authorities and persons involved in criminal justice procedure and administration in Nigeria to comply with the provisions of the Administration of Criminal Justice Act 2015 as enjoined in section 1(2) of the Act, if the objectives of the Act must be realised. In examining in extensio the causes of delay in the administration of criminal justice in Nigeria, this research work employed the doctrinal methodology. For the purpose of this study, the form of data collection would encompass both primary and secondary data taking into cognizance both judicial and extra-judicial sources. In effect, sources such a relevant statutes and regulations, law reports, journals, articles, textbooks, conference papers, published legal and relevant internet materials etc. shall be utilized in the course of this work. The study recommends that there should be conscious effort on the part of the courts in ensuring that law enforcement agents adhere strictly to the provisions of the Act with a view to bridging the disparity between the law and practice, eleven years after its enactment. It is the writer’s view that if the relevant authorities can be committed to strictly enforcing the provisions of the Act, the avoidable delays inherent in Nigeria criminal justice system would be curbed and the objective of speedy dispensation of justice would be realised.

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This study concluded that introducing tax digitization services offers a revolutionary chance to improve tax compliance, and create a tax environment that is more productive and efficient by utilizing technology to expedite the procedures of taxes, and increase transparency, digitalization of tax services creates a tax environment more productive and efficient by utilizing technology to expedite procedures, increase transparency, and enable real-time reporting, and adopting these digitalization solutions helps tax authorities enforce compliance more strictly and reduces administrative difficulties for taxpayers, which in turn helps to create more equitable and long-lasting fiscal systems. This study, therefore, recommends that relevant tax authorities as the only government agents responsible for the administration of taxes should improve tax compliance procedures and adopt digital solutions to guarantee accuracy, transparency, and efficiency in the mode of the tax system

Here is an academic abstract tailored for this research topic, structured to meet standard institutional guidelines (Background, Objective, Methodology, Findings, and Significance). Abstract This study examines the socio-economic effects of the Boko Haram insurgency on the Nigerian economy, tracking its evolution from the administration of President Umaru Musa Yar'Adua to that of President Goodluck Ebele Jonathan (2009–2015). This period marks the transformation of the group from a localized sectarian movement into a highly destructive, transnational terrorist network. Utilizing a historical and descriptive analytical framework reliant on secondary data sources—including institutional reports, national statistical archives, and academic literature—the study evaluates how the escalation of violence disrupted both regional and macroeconomic stability. The findings reveal that the insurgency acted as a severe structural shock to the Nigerian state, particularly within the Northeast geopolitical zone. At the microeconomic level, systemic attacks on farming communities, agrarian supply chains, and border corridors paralyzed the local agricultural economy, decimated regional trade with neighboring Sahelian nations, and precipitated a severe humanitarian and Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) crisis. Regionally, the deliberate destruction of educational, healthcare, and telecommunications infrastructure crippled human capital development. At the macroeconomic level, the study demonstrates that the rising tide of insecurity forced a massive, non-developmental reallocation of public funds, as successive federal budgets heavily prioritized defense spending over critical infrastructure and social services. Furthermore, the heightened sovereign risk premium during the Jonathan administration slowed down Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows in non-oil sectors. The study concludes that while Nigeria’s economy underwent a historic GDP rebasing in 2014, the insurgency deeply decoupled the Northeast from national growth, intensifying regional economic disparities. It recommends a policy shift that balances counter-insurgency military operations with aggressive economic rehabilitation, infrastructural reconstruction, and youth employment programs targeting vulnerable regions.

The study empirically examined change management and performance within the Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency. To guide the study, three research questions were raised, and three hypothesis was generated. A survey research design which entails the use of structured questionnaire in sampling the opinion of the respondents on the subject was adopted in gathering data three. The Taro Yamane (1976) sample determination formula was used to determine the sample size from the population, and after due computation, a sample of 280 respondents was arrived at. A total of 280 questionnaires were distributed. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, simple frequency count, percentages, and mean. Findings obtained from the analysis among other things, showed emotional readiness plays a crucial role in enhancing employee performance within the organization. It was concluded that successful change management in Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency depends largely on the extent to which employees are emotionally, cognitively, and intentionally prepared to engage with and sustain transformation processes, making readiness a critical determinant of organizational performance and long-term success Based on the findings, the study suggested that the Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA) should introduce regular emotional intelligence and stress management workshops to help employees develop resilience and adaptability during organisational change processes.

This study examines the challenges of tax administration in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria, with a focus on the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS). The research explores issues such as inefficiency, corruption, inadequate taxpayer education, and complex tax laws, which hinder effective revenue generation. A survey research design was employed, with data collected through structured questionnaires administered to FIRS officials and taxpayers. The data were analyzed using statistical tools, including the chi-square test. The findings indicate that corruption and administrative inefficiencies significantly affect tax compliance and revenue collection. Additionally, inadequate taxpayer education contributes to non-compliance. The study recommends improved transparency in tax administration, digitalization of tax processes, and enhanced taxpayer education to boost compliance. Implementing these measures will strengthen Nigeria's tax system and promote sustainable economic growth.

The digital age has fundamentally reshaped the creation, distribution, and consumption of copyrighted works, posing unprecedented challenges to traditional copyright law. This abstract explores the multifaceted difficulties encountered in protecting intellectual property in a landscape characterized by pervasive digital reproduction, global connectivity, and the rise of artificial intelligence. Existing copyright frameworks, largely rooted in the concept of fixed, tangible works, struggle to adapt to the fluid, ephemeral, and collaborative nature of digital content. A central challenge lies in the tension between the ease of digital reproduction and the need to protect creators' rights. The internet's global reach facilitates widespread infringement, making enforcement difficult and costly. Traditional legal mechanisms, such as takedown notices, are often insufficient to address large-scale piracy and cross-border infringements. Moreover, the anonymity afforded by the internet complicates the identification and prosecution of infringers. The rise of user-generated content and collaborative platforms further strains existing copyright models. Defining authorship and ownership in environments where content is constantly remixed, shared, and modified becomes problematic. The concept of "fair use," intended to balance creators' rights with public access, is increasingly ambiguous in digital contexts, particularly with the proliferation of transformative works and remixes. Technological advancements, while offering potential solutions, also introduce new complexities. Technological Protection Measures (TPMs), such as DRM, are often circumvented, and their use raises concerns about privacy and access. Block chain technology and NFTs, while promising to enhance copyright management, also present challenges regarding authentication and enforcement. Furthermore, the emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) generates significant legal and ethical dilemmas. AI-generated content challenges traditional notions of authorship and ownership, raising questions about liability for infringement. The use of copyrighted materials in AI training data also raises concerns about fair use and the need for compensation. This abstract argues that a comprehensive approach is needed to address the challenges of copyright in the digital age. This includes: adapting legal frameworks to accommodate the unique characteristics of digital content; strengthening international cooperation in enforcement; exploring innovative technological solutions; and fostering a culture of respect for intellectual property through education and awareness. Moreover, it is imperative that legal frameworks evolve to address the rapidly changing AI landscape. This involves clarifying liability for AI-generated works, addressing the training data problem, and ensuring that copyright holders are adequately compensated. Ultimately, a balanced approach is necessary, one that protects creators' rights while promoting innovation and access to knowledge in the digital sphere.