2026

This project is to evaluate privacy policies in mobile applications. It revealed Assess the clarity, readability, and structure of privacy policies used in selected mobile applications, evaluate the consistency between the stated privacy policies and the actual data handling practices of the mobile applications, identify specific areas within mobile privacy policies where vague or misleading terms are commonly used, examine the extent to which user input data is collected, processed, and shared without clear disclosure in the privacy statements, use Python-based tools to automate the detection and analysis of discrepancies between privacy policies and app behaviors, recommend practical improvements for making mobile application privacy policies more transparent, accurate, and user-friendly. This study designed and evaluation approach to examine how mobile applications present and apply their privacy policies. Selected mobile apps were reviewed based on their popularity and relevance to everyday users. Their privacy policies were extracted and assessed for clarity, length, and language. Python scripts were then used to carry out static and dynamic analysis on these apps. The static part inspected permissions and data access points declared within the app files, while the dynamic part monitored how the app behaves when in use, especially in handling user data. Any mismatch between what is written in the privacy policy and what the app does will be recorded and analyzed. Focus was also be placed on how user input data is managed, as this is often not clearly addressed in policy statements. Results were compared across apps from different categories to detect patterns or risks that repeat across multiple apps

Cloud computing has revolutionized the way businesses manage their IT infrastructure, offering scalable, cost-effective, and flexible solutions. However, as organizations migrate to the cloud, cybersecurity becomes a critical concern. This paper explores how cloud computing enhances cybersecurity for businesses by leveraging advanced security mechanisms such as encryption, multi-factor authentication, artificial intelligence (AI)-driven threat detection, and automated compliance management. Cloud service providers (CSPs) offer robust security frameworks, including real-time monitoring, distributed denial-of service (DDoS) protection, and secure access controls, reducing the risk of cyber threats. Additionally, cloud-based security facilitates disaster recovery, data loss prevention, and regulatory compliance, strengthening overall business resilience. While cloud computing introduces new security challenges, implementing best practices and leveraging CSP security measures can significantly enhance an organization's cybersecurity posture. This study highlights the benefits, challenges, and future trends of cloud computing in
securing business operations against evolving cyber threats. To this purpose, this project designs and implements an encryption and multi-factor authentication system for cloud computing environments using a two-factor authentication approach: first-factor authentication via user ID/email and password, and second-factor authentication via OTP sent to user email.
The system is developed using HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and VueJS for the front-end, Laravel and PHP for the backend, and MySQL for the database.

This study examined the factors affecting the effective teaching of physics practicals in senior secondary schools in Ikpoba-Okha Local Government Area of Edo State. The study specifically examined infrastructural challenges influencing physics practical
teaching, the availability and adequacy of physics laboratory equipment, and the qualification and teaching experience of physics teachers conducting practical lessons. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population consisted
of physics teachers in senior secondary schools within the study area, from which a sample of 50 teachers was selected using simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire titled Teachers’ Questionnaire on the Effective Teaching of Physics Practicals. The instrument was validated by experts and the collected data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentage. A criterion mean of 2.50 was used for decision making. Findings revealed that inadequate laboratory space, poor electricity supply, insufficient sitting arrangements, lack of functional laboratories, and limited time allocation significantly affect the teaching of physics practicals. The results also showed that although some laboratory equipment are available, many are inadequate or not properly maintained, thereby limiting effective practical instruction. Furthermore, the majority of physics teachers were found to be academically qualified and experienced, with most
having five years and above teaching experience, which positively influences practical teaching effectiveness. Based on the findings, the study concluded that infrastructural deficiencies and inadequate laboratory equipment remain major barriers to effective physics practical teaching despite the presence of qualified teachers. It was therefore recommended that government and school authorities should provide adequate laboratory facilities, ensure sufficient and functional physics equipment, improve electricity supply, and support continuous professional development

The Study Investigate the Influence of Social Media on Mental Health Among Senior Secondary School Students in Oredo Local Government Area. Three research questions were raised to guide this study: What is the level of social media usage among
students in Oredo Local Government Area Edo state, Is there a relationship between social media usage and the mental health of students, What is the difference in relationship between social media usage and mental health of students among male and
female in Oredo Local Government Area Edo state. The population comprises Senior Secondary school students (SSS 1-3) within Oredo Local Government Area, Edo State. This includes students from public and private schools. Based on available data and school records, the estimated total number of students in SSS 1-3 across selected public and private secondary schools in Oredo Local Government Area is 800. This figure represents the target population from which the sample for this study will be drawn. This study employed a simple random sampling technique to ensure that every student in the population had an equal chance of being selected. This method was chosen to minimize bias and enhance the representativeness of
the sample across Senior Secondary School(SSS 1-3) in Oredo Local Government Area, Edo State. For this study, a total sample size of 200 students was selected from ten secondary schools within Oredo Local Government Area, Edo State. The findings revealed that, there is a high level of social media usage among students, driven by the search for gratifications such as social interaction and identity formation, the level of mental health among the students is low, characterized by early signs of difficulty such as sleep irritation, lack of energy, and self-isolation there is a significant relationship between social media usage and mental health, indicating that
heavy and prolonged time spent on these platforms contributes to increased symptoms of
anxiety and depression. The following recommendations are made: Parents should ensure
that their children are digitally and emotionally prepared for the impact of social media. They should support their children’s well-being by monitoring platform density and encouraging non-screen activities like sports and in-person socializing. Schools should incorporate programs that focus on digital literacy and mental health awareness as part of the secondary education curriculum. This will enhance students' ability to handle "comparison pressure" and improve mental health outcomes. The government should implement policies that ensure all schools have access to mental health counseling services that address digital conditioning and cyberbullying. This will ensure that students are better prepared for the psychological challenges of the digital age

This study investigated family background as a correlate of child socialization among secondary school students in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State, Nigeria. The study examined the influence of parental socio-economic status, academic background, ethnic background, and religious background on children’s socialization. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study.The population comprised secondary school students in Oredo Local Government Area, from which a sample of 200 students (100 males and 100 females) was selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire titled Family Background and Child Socialization Questionnaire (FBCSQ). The instrument was validated and its reliability established using the Cronbach Alpha method. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics, including the test and Pearson Product Moment Correlation, at a 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that there were significant relationships between parental socio-economic status and children’s socialization, parental academic background and children’s socialization, parental ethnic background and children’s socialization, as well as parental religious background and children’s socialization. The study concluded that family background plays a crucial role in shaping children’s social behavior, moral values, and adjustment within society.Based on the findings, it was recommended that parents, educators, and policymakers should pay greater attention to home-related factors in promoting positive child socialization and overall development.

Abattoirs play a vital role in environmental pollution and negatively affect the health of people living around, and even those who some distance stay away from them through air, water and
food contamination. This study evaluated the bacteriological and physicochemical properties of abattoir effluent-contaminated soil
in Benin City, Edo state with a view to highlighting the associated environmental and public health impacts. Samples in this study were collected seasonally at different depths (2.5, 22.5 and 42.5cm) from four different abattoirs (Oluku, University of Benin, Ewah Road, and Dumez Road) in Benin City. Standard chemical analytical methods were used to evaluate the physicochemical
parameters while standard bacteriological methods were used to determine the bacterial load and identity. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined by disc diffusion method, and plasmid
profiling (before and after curing) of selected resistant isolates were carried out using TENS method. . The physico-chemical analysis of soil samples revealed a pH range of 6.25 - 6.76, electrical conductivity varied from 89 -161 µs/cm, organic matter (9.10-13.30%), iron (37.22-140.29 mg/kg), and phosphorus (4.91 – 12.82 mg/kg) for contaminated soil. For control samples, pH
ranged between 6.28 and 6.90, electrical conductivity varied from 73 - 119 µs/cm, organic matter at 9.92 – 14.83%, iron (27.19 – 101.23 mg/kg), and phosphorus (5.22 – 12.88 mg/kg). Mean heterotrophic bacterial count (HBC) for contaminated soil in rainy season ranged 0.57×10 8 - 1.90×10 8 cfu/g, while that of dry season ranged 0.55×10 7 - 1.97×10 7 cfu/g. Topsoil layer
consistently showed higher bacterial load across seasons. Isolates obtained in this study included Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus
mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Enterococcus spp. and Alcaligenes spp. There was a seasonal shift of Proteus vulgaris isolated in dry season to P. mirabilis in the rainy season. Staphylococcus aureus was the most occurring isolate at 20.4% for the dry season and 21.2% in the rainy season. Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella spp. exhibited the highest virulence. All isolates were sensitive to Imipenem, but none were sensitive to Ceftriaxone and Ceftazidime Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., and Pseudomonas spp. had Multiple
Antibiotic Resistance index (MAR) values of 0.6, 0.6, 0.5 and 0.4, respectively. Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis were positive for Plasmid DNA while
Escherichia coli was negative for Plasmid DNA. After curing, the MAR index values decreased to 0.3 for Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella spp., while that of Pseudomonas aeruginosa decreased
to 0.1. The presence of the pathogenic bacterial isolates in abattoir effluent-contaminated soil highlights significant environmental and public health concerns

The state of healthcare service delivery in Edo State public hospitals has been an ongoing challenge due to persistent cases of ill treatment of patients arising from weak application of ethical standards rules. The aim of study was to determine whether ethical standards compliance influences healthcare service delivery in Edo State public hospitals from 2019 to 2024. The descriptive survey research design was adopted. Using the multi-stage sampling techniques and Slovin’s (1960) formula, 779 sample size was derived from the three senatorial districts of Edo State. Two (2) hospitals were selected from each senatorial 29 districts (Edo South, Edo Central, and Edo North). The respondents comprised 80% patients, 18.5% doctors and nurses, and 1.5% management staff. Data were collected through the use of questionnaires and in-depth interviews. In the retrieval process, the study observed that of 767 questionnaires sent to respondents, 712 were retrieved, thus, changing the study analysis total sample to 712 which had 92.83% rate of retrieval. Both
descriptive and inferential statistics methods of analysis were adopted. The descriptive statistics included the use of frequency distribution tables and percentages to get the figures of categories of the response to the questionnaire. The inferential statistics on the other hand, was used to measure the type of relationship between variables. The type of inferential statistics that was deployed was the Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (r) tool. These were done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 25.0 version) software at 0.5 level of significance. The findings revealed a positive relationship between ethical standards compliance and healthcare service delivery; positive relationship between effectiveness of ethical standards compliance and quality service delivery; accessibility to public healthcare centers was still a challenge due to insufficient beds in the hospitals; workforce in public hospital did not meet the minimum standards set by the World Health Organization and that some doctors secretly referred patients to their own hospitals for treatment. It was also found that patients’ ease of accessing healthcare services in public hospitals strongly relates to improved service delivery. The study concluded that there was a strong correlation between the inadequacy of healthcare workers in secondary healthcare facilities and compliance with ethical standards. It was thus recommended that key indicators of quality healthcare like physical infrastructure, workforce, and material resources should be improved upon. Greater attention should be given to ethical standards values, including respect for patients’ confidentiality, diligence in service delivery, and the prevention of breaches of trust in patient doctor relationships and the development of human resources to enhance service delivery

This study presents the design and fabrication of a Smart Internet of Thing (IoT)-based feul monitoring system for agricultural tractors. The system aims to improve operational efficiency, minimize fuel theft, and enhance real-time decision-making in mechanized farming. It integrates an ultrasonic fuel level sensor, NodeMCUV3 microcontroller, GPS, and GSM modules to provide continuous fuel data and location tracking. Using Blynk and ThingSpeak IoT platforms, real-time fuel levels, consumption trends, and geographic positions were displayed through web and mobile interfaces. Calibration and testing revealed that the system achieved high measurement accuracy with an error margin of less than ±5%, Wi-Fi data transmission latency between 6–8 seconds, and SMS alert delay of 7–12 seconds. The prototype demonstrated effective performance under field conditions, withstanding vibration, heat, and moisture without data loss. Results confirm that the developed IoT-based system is affordable, reliable, and user-friendly for small- and medium-scale farmers. It enables efficient monitoring of fuel resources, enhances accountability, and supports preventive maintenance through analytics and alert mechanisms. Overall, the system bridges the technological gap in fuel management for agricultural operations in developing regions and contributes to sustainable mechanization practices.

This bachelor’s thesis project is intended to study augmented reality (AR) in art, archaeology and architecture. To this purpose, a prototype mobile AR app has been implemented on iOS® and Android® mobile platforms for augmented reality (AR) experiences and demonstrable applications in art: museum art (i.e., immersive artifact viewing experiences in a museum) and
street art (i.e., immersive murals on walls, creating an ‘open-air’ museum). Its home page is https://elikibaar.elikiba.com

This study aims to assess the socio-economic effect of older adult neglect in Iguobhioba. The objectives of the study includes to identify the various forms of neglect experienced by older adults in Iguobhioba Community, assess the socio-economic conditions (income, housing, healthcare access, nutrition, etc.) of neglected older adults in the community, examine the impact of neglect on the physical, emotional, and psychological well-being of older adults, explore the role of family members, caregivers, and the wider community in either contributing to or alleviating the neglect of the elderly, analyze the availability and effectiveness of social support systems, including government and non-governmental interventions, for older adults in Iguobhioba and to recommend social work strategies and policy measures that can reduce neglect. Situational theory was adopted in the study. A qualitative approach was applied in the thesis and content analysis was undertaken. five objectives were raised for the study. The population of the study comprised of older adults aged 60 years and above residing in Iguobhioba Community. The data generated from the survey were analyzed by means of tables and percentages. The result of the analysis was tested at 0.05 (5%) level of significance. The findings of the study show that older adults in Iguobhioba Community experience multiple and interconnected forms of neglect, with physical, emotional, and economic neglect emerging as the most prevalent. The study recommend among others that The government should take active and concrete measures towards implementing a viable social welfare programme for the elderly both at the federal, state and local government levels. This would ensure uniformity in implementation.