E. I. OKONMAH

This study investigates the impacts of internal displacement due to insurgency on women and children in Nigeria, with a focus on the International Christian Centre, Uhogua, Benin City IDP camp. Driven by the Boko Haram insurgency and related conflicts, over 3.5 million Nigerians, predominantly women and children, are internally displaced as of 2024. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the study combines qualitative data from in- depth interviews and focus group discussions with quantitative survey data from 100 participants (50 women and 50 children). Findings reveal severe disruptions in economic livelihoods, with 88–90% of respondents reporting reduced income opportunities, asset loss, and reliance on precarious informal activities. Psychologically, 92–93% noted high anxiety, hopelessness, and trauma symptoms, with only 23% acknowledging adequate mental health support. Access to healthcare and education is critically limited, with only 30% and 25% reporting sufficient services, respectively. Policy gaps are evident, with 90% highlighting inadequate economic interventions and weak government-NGO collaboration. Chi-square tests confirmed significant relationships between displacement and insurgency, economic livelihoods, and psychological effects. Grounded in ecological systems theory, vulnerability framework, and human security approach, the study recommends targeted economic empowerment, enhanced psychosocial support, improved healthcare and education access, and stronger policy implementation to address these challenges and foster resilience among displaced populations

The state of healthcare service delivery in Edo State public hospitals has been an ongoing challenge due to persistent cases of ill treatment of patients arising from weak application of ethical standards rules. The aim of study was to determine whether ethical standards compliance influences healthcare service delivery in Edo State public hospitals from 2019 to 2024. The descriptive survey research design was adopted. Using the multi-stage sampling techniques and Slovin’s (1960) formula, 779 sample size was derived from the three senatorial districts of Edo State. Two (2) hospitals were selected from each senatorial 29 districts (Edo South, Edo Central, and Edo North). The respondents comprised 80% patients, 18.5% doctors and nurses, and 1.5% management staff. Data were collected through the use of questionnaires and in-depth interviews. In the retrieval process, the study observed that of 767 questionnaires sent to respondents, 712 were retrieved, thus, changing the study analysis total sample to 712 which had 92.83% rate of retrieval. Both
descriptive and inferential statistics methods of analysis were adopted. The descriptive statistics included the use of frequency distribution tables and percentages to get the figures of categories of the response to the questionnaire. The inferential statistics on the other hand, was used to measure the type of relationship between variables. The type of inferential statistics that was deployed was the Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (r) tool. These were done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 25.0 version) software at 0.5 level of significance. The findings revealed a positive relationship between ethical standards compliance and healthcare service delivery; positive relationship between effectiveness of ethical standards compliance and quality service delivery; accessibility to public healthcare centers was still a challenge due to insufficient beds in the hospitals; workforce in public hospital did not meet the minimum standards set by the World Health Organization and that some doctors secretly referred patients to their own hospitals for treatment. It was also found that patients’ ease of accessing healthcare services in public hospitals strongly relates to improved service delivery. The study concluded that there was a strong correlation between the inadequacy of healthcare workers in secondary healthcare facilities and compliance with ethical standards. It was thus recommended that key indicators of quality healthcare like physical infrastructure, workforce, and material resources should be improved upon. Greater attention should be given to ethical standards values, including respect for patients’ confidentiality, diligence in service delivery, and the prevention of breaches of trust in patient doctor relationships and the development of human resources to enhance service delivery

This research focused on the impact of the universal basic education policy on public junior secondary schools in Edo State. The aim was to investigate how the universal basic education has improved instructional and learning materials availability in public Junior Secondary Schools in Edo State to meet modern pedagogy. The survey research method was adopted. The researcher employed the use of both primary and secondary sources of data collection. The study has a population which comprises four different UBE schools in Egor Local Government Area. Which include the following; Egor Secondary School (1,706), Asoro Grammar School (1,812), Use Junior Secondary School (531) and Evbotubu Grammar School (1,669). To ensure adequate representativeness based on the size of the study population, the study opted to drawing the sample size that will be representative through the method of percentaging. Thus, twenty percent (20%) sampling was drawn from each of the four selected UBE schools in Egor Local Government Area, which upon calculation amount study sample size of 946. Furthermore, the sampling technique adopted for this study is the stratified random sampling technique in which respondents was selected using certain conditions such as gender, class, age and teacher’s qualifications etc. Furthermore, both descriptive and inferential statistics methods of analysis were adopted. The descriptive statistics include the use of frequency distribution tables and simple percentages to get the figures of different categories of the responses to the questionnaire. The inferential statistics on the other hand was meant to measure the type of relationship between variables. The type of inferential statistics that was deployed is the Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation (r) Coefficient analytical tool. These were done using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS 22.0 version) software at 0.5 level of significance. It was found that the universal b sic education policy has made textbooks available in all subject areas in public junior secondary schools. The study also established that the universal basic education policy provides standard white or black boards with accompanying markers, chalks, and customized dusters among others. The study further show that the universal basic education policy also provides textbooks in the noncore subject areas of home economics, and fine art among others. On the issue of reduced number of out-of-school students, the study observed by reason of its retrieved field data and subsequent analysis that there exists a strong relationship between the UBE policy and reduced number of out-of-school students of public junior secondary schools in Edo State.