2025

Migration, both internal and international, plays a significant role in shaping the growth and development of cities worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Benin City, located in Edo State, Nigeria, is experiencing rapid urbanization driven by migration, with rural-to-urban migration being a major contributing factor. This study investigates the impact of migration on Benin City's socio-economic, infrastructural, and urban planning dynamics. The research uses a descriptive survey design, gathering primary data from 385 respondents through structured questionnaires, including migrants, long-term residents, urban planners, business owners, and government officials. Secondary data from maps, journal articles, and institutional publications complement the primary data to provide a comprehensive understanding of migration trends. The study finds that migration is primarily driven by economic, social, and environmental factors, including job opportunities, educational prospects, and security concerns. Migration has led to significant demographic changes in Benin City, including increased population density, ethnic diversity, and a higher proportion of youth. The influx of migrants has positively influenced the economy through business growth, job market expansion, and remittances, while simultaneously creating challenges such as housing shortages, overcrowding, and strain on public services like healthcare, education, and transportation. Furthermore, migration has resulted in changes to urban planning and housing development, contributing to informal settlements and increasing pressure on urban infrastructure. The study suggests that policymakers and urban planners should focus on long-term strategies to address the challenges posed by migration, such as expanding healthcare, improving transportation, and prioritizing affordable housing development. The study emphasizes the need for policies that balance the benefits of migration with the necessity of sustainable urban growth.

Efficient route planning plays a crucial role in logistics management because it directly affects transportation cost, delivery time, and operational efficiency. Many delivery operations experience inefficiencies due to poorly structured routing strategies, particularly when multiple locations must be served from a single depot. This study focuses on optimizing delivery routes for Viboi Ventures, a Coca Cola distribution depot located in Benin City, Nigeria. The primary aim of the research is to determine the most efficient delivery sequence that minimizes total travel distance while ensuring that each destination is visited exactly once. To achieve this aim, the study obtained delivery location data, determined inter-location distances using Google Maps, and developed an optimization model to evaluate alternative delivery routes. The study adopts a quantitative modelling approach based on the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP), a well established optimization model used to determine the shortest possible route through multiple locations. Distance data between the depot and nine delivery points were collected using Google Maps and organized into a distance matrix. Manual computations were first conducted to evaluate feasible route combinations. To enhance the reliability of the results, the Branch and Bound optimization algorithm was subsequently applied to systematically evaluate route alternatives and validate the optimal solution. The analysis showed that the manually derived route produced a total travel distance of 13.7 km, while the algorithm based solution generated a shorter distance of 12.2 km both was significantly lower than that of the company’s existing delivery route which is 18.7km. This result demonstrates the effectiveness of algorithmic optimization in improving delivery efficiency and reducing travel distance. The study concludes that applying computational optimization techniques such as the Branch and Bound algorithm, combined with real world geographic data, can significantly improve logistics planning and operational performance for delivery based businesses.

The study concluded that undergraduates are not using the reference management software (RMS) and that reference management software plays no role in their undergraduate learning. Undergraduates in Uniben are faced with challenges in using RMS such as a lack of training, instruction, and computer skills. In view of the findings of the study, the following recommendations were made Reference Management software should be provided and made available in Universities and students exposed to it. Proper instruction and training on RMS, and citation styles should be given to students to enhance their usage. The computer skills of students should be enhanced and as well be provided with technical support majorly from the university library.

This study examined the knowledge, perception, and factors influencing organic waste management practices among poultry farmers in Egor Local Government Area, Benin City, Edo State. The primary objective was to assess farmers’ awareness of the environmental, health, and economic risks associated with poor waste management, as well as to identify the factors shaping their waste handling behaviors. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design, with data collected from 38 poultry farmers using a structured questionnaire. The instrument was validated by experts and tested for reliability using the test-retest method. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequency counts, percentages, means, and standard deviations. Findings revealed that poultry farmers generally possess a high level of knowledge regarding the environmental and health risks of improper waste management, but their awareness of economic benefits from sustainable practices, such as composting and biogas production, was moderate. Labor availability, farm size, government policies, and public awareness were identified as key factors influencing waste management practices. The study also found that while farmers demonstrate positive perceptions toward mitigation measures, limited government support and low public awareness hinder the full adoption of sustainable practices. Based on these findings, the study recommends targeted training programs, policy enforcement, and community sensitization initiatives to enhance sustainable poultry waste management. The study contributes to environmental management literature by highlighting the critical role of farmers’ knowledge, perceptions, and socio-environmental factors in promoting sustainable agricultural practices.

NIL

The study investigated the influence of Audio-visual materials in the teaching and learning of physiology among Special Education students in the University of Benin. The sample of the study comprised eighty (80) Special Education students in Faculty of Education, University of Benin. The study adopted descriptive survey and the instrument for data collection was titled “Use of Audio-visual material questionnaires. Three research questions were raised and analyzed with descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation. The findings of the study revealed that not all the audiovisual materials are available in the teaching and learning among Special Education students in the University of Benin, it therefore recommended among others, collaborating with the government to provide adequate audio-visual materials for the Special Education students.

Plants have long been used as medicine to cure a wide range of illnesses and humans have depended on nature to meet their basic needs. This study was aimed at determining the mineral content, proximate content, phytochemical composition and the antibacterial properties of the aqueous and ethanolic extract of citrus sinensis on some bacterial. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts were evaluated for mineral elemental analysis, proximate content and phytochemical properties using the method of A.O.A.C. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using an agar well dilution techniques against five bacterial isolates using the Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extract were determined using the MIC and MBC. The mineral element of Citrus sinensis of aqueous and ethanolic extract for Sodium (Na) was (250.333 ± 0.333 mg/kg) and (260.300 ± 0.3111 mg/kg), Potassium (K) (3415.667 ± 2.500 mg/kg) and (2215.060 ± 2.400) mg/kg, Calcium (Ca) (1.412.077± 1.400 mg/kg) and (1,521.047 ± 1.453 mg/kg), Phosphorus (P) (0.2100 ± 0.005 mg/kg) and (0.1900± 0.005 mg/kg), Iron (Fe) (1.1400 ± 0.004 mg/kg) and (1.2400 ± 0.009 mg/kg), Nitrogen (N) (0.1400 ± 0.001 mg/kg) and (1.2000 ± 0.009 mg/kg), Magnesium (Mg) (129.100± 0.700 mg/kg) and (131.000± 0.577 mg/kg). The result for proximate content of aqueous and ethanolic extract of Citrus sinensis showed varying composition of moisture content, ash content, crude fibre, crude fat, protein and carbohydrate. The qualitative phytochemical result revealed the presence of phenols, terpenoids, alkaloids, eugenols, flavonoids, tannins, and reducing sugars. The quantitative phytochemical result revealed the presence of alkaloid to be (5.4063 ± 0.2985) for aqueous and (6.3427±0.329) for ethanolic, total saponins, (5.9620 ± 3.6112) for aqueous and (7.0867±0.002) for ethanolic, total phenolic, (0.2077 ± 0.0012) for aqueous and (0.2140±0.001) for ethanolic, total tannins (10.1533 ± 0.0023) for aqueous and (12.7747±0.161) for ethanolic and for total flavonoids, (6.9993 ± 0.0127) for aqueous and (6.5827±0.031) for ethanolic. The antibacterial activity of the crude extract against selected bacterial isolates was also evaluated using the MHA method. It was demonstrated that at a concentration of 200 mg/kg of both the aqueous and ethanolic extract, the extract of Citrussinensis expressed bactericidal potential against the bacterial isolates. The result from this research shows the potency of the extract of Citrus sinensis being able to the utilized for drug formations with antibacterial effects

This study examined the mineral composition and phytochemical profile of Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit pods. The fruit pod was purchased from Uselu market, dried and extracted by maceration method using aqueous, methanol and hexane solvents. The elemental composition was analyzed with a portion of the powdered sample using g X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) while phytochemical screening of the three extracts was done via standard methods. Mineral analysis revealed potassium (28.317%) as the most abundant element, followed by calcium (12.962%), magnesium (7.656%), and aluminum (6.413%). Moderate amounts of
Sulphur (1.652%) and chlorine (2.412%) were also detected, while iron was present at a relatively low concentration (1.502%). The dominance of potassium and calcium highlights the fruit’s nutritional potential for maintaining electrolyte balance, bone development, and muscle function. Magnesium and aluminum further contribute to enzymatic activities and possible medicinal value, though the low iron content indicates limited benefit for hemoglobin synthesis and oxygen transport. Phytochemical screening showed that alkaloids, eugenol, and reducing sugars were present across all extracts. Glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, phenolics, and terpenoids were prominent in methanol and aqueous extracts, while hexane extracts yielded fewer polar compounds. Steroids were absent in all extracts. These results confirm that solvent polarity strongly influences phytochemical extraction, with polar solvents yielding a broader spectrum of bioactive constituents

The increasing demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly construction materials has prompted the exploration of alternative waste materials for use in concrete production. This study investigates the partial replacement of fine aggregate with periwinkle shell in concrete as a means of reducing construction costs, conserving natural resources, and promoting waste utilization. The research evaluates the effects of incorporating varying percentages of processed periwinkle shell as a substitute for fine aggregate on the properties of concrete.
Concrete mixes were prepared with different replacement levels of fine aggregate using periwinkle shell, while a control mix containing conventional materials was also produced. Standard laboratory tests were conducted to determine the workability, density, compressive strength, and durability characteristics of the concrete specimens. The results indicate that the inclusion of periwinkle shell influences the fresh and hardened properties of concrete. Workability generally decreased with increasing replacement levels, while compressive strength showed acceptable performance at lower replacement percentages. The density of the concrete also reduced, suggesting the potential for producing lightweight concrete.
The findings reveal that periwinkle shell can be effectively utilized as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete production without significantly compromising structural performance when used within optimal replacement limits. The study concludes that the use of periwinkle shell contributes to sustainable construction practices by reducing environmental waste and the dependence on natural sand resources. It is recommended that partial replacement levels within the optimum range be adopted for non-critical and selected structural applications

Law is not confined to the regulation of criminal conduct or the enforcement of contractual obligations. Rather, it plays a broader role in regulating various aspects of society, including economic and financial activities. One such area is the capital market, which operates within the wider field of investment banking and has historically been subject to legal control. The regulation of investment banking has evolved through legislative measures aimed at ensuring market stability and protecting investors. Examples include the Glass–Steagall Act of 1933, enacted following the 1929 stock market crash, the Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act of 1999, and Nigeria’s Investment and Securities Decree of 1979, now replaced by the Investment and Securities Act, 2007. These laws demonstrate the importance of legal frameworks in governing capital market operations. In Nigeria, investment banking and capital market activities are regulated by statutory bodies established to ensure compliance with industry standards and to safeguard investors’ interests. Key regulatory institutions include the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC), responsible for company registration and legal personality; the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), which regulates securities transactions and public offers; and the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), which promotes financial system stability. This study examines the legal framework regulating investment banking in Nigeria, with particular focus on investor protection, the prevention of practices such as insider trading, the enforcement of regulatory sanctions, and the use of dispute resolution mechanisms, including court proceedings and alternative dispute resolution (ADR). The study highlights the role of law in promoting transparency, accountability, and confidence in Nigeria’s capital market.