DETERMINATION OF THE MINERAL ELEMENT, PROXIMATE CONTENT, PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND THE ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF THE AQUEOUS AND ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF Citrus sinensis ON SOME BACTERIAL ISOLATES

Plants have long been used as medicine to cure a wide range of illnesses and humans have depended on nature to meet their basic needs. This study was aimed at determining the mineral content, proximate content, phytochemical composition and the antibacterial properties of the aqueous and ethanolic extract of citrus sinensis on some bacterial. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts were evaluated for mineral elemental analysis, proximate content and phytochemical properties using the method of A.O.A.C. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using an agar well dilution techniques against five bacterial isolates using the Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extract were determined using the MIC and MBC. The mineral element of Citrus sinensis of aqueous and ethanolic extract for Sodium (Na) was (250.333 ± 0.333 mg/kg) and (260.300 ± 0.3111 mg/kg), Potassium (K) (3415.667 ± 2.500 mg/kg) and (2215.060 ± 2.400) mg/kg, Calcium (Ca) (1.412.077± 1.400 mg/kg) and (1,521.047 ± 1.453 mg/kg), Phosphorus (P) (0.2100 ± 0.005 mg/kg) and (0.1900± 0.005 mg/kg), Iron (Fe) (1.1400 ± 0.004 mg/kg) and (1.2400 ± 0.009 mg/kg), Nitrogen (N) (0.1400 ± 0.001 mg/kg) and (1.2000 ± 0.009 mg/kg), Magnesium (Mg) (129.100± 0.700 mg/kg) and (131.000± 0.577 mg/kg). The result for proximate content of aqueous and ethanolic extract of Citrus sinensis showed varying composition of moisture content, ash content, crude fibre, crude fat, protein and carbohydrate. The qualitative phytochemical result revealed the presence of phenols, terpenoids, alkaloids, eugenols, flavonoids, tannins, and reducing sugars. The quantitative phytochemical result revealed the presence of alkaloid to be (5.4063 ± 0.2985) for aqueous and (6.3427±0.329) for ethanolic, total saponins, (5.9620 ± 3.6112) for aqueous and (7.0867±0.002) for ethanolic, total phenolic, (0.2077 ± 0.0012) for aqueous and (0.2140±0.001) for ethanolic, total tannins (10.1533 ± 0.0023) for aqueous and (12.7747±0.161) for ethanolic and for total flavonoids, (6.9993 ± 0.0127) for aqueous and (6.5827±0.031) for ethanolic. The antibacterial activity of the crude extract against selected bacterial isolates was also evaluated using the MHA method. It was demonstrated that at a concentration of 200 mg/kg of both the aqueous and ethanolic extract, the extract of Citrussinensis expressed bactericidal potential against the bacterial isolates. The result from this research shows the potency of the extract of Citrus sinensis being able to the utilized for drug formations with antibacterial effects