2023

Isoniazid is a widely used drug in tuberculosis treatment regimens. Its application in direct observed therapy short course ”(DOTS) along with other medications has been well documented to be efficacious and effective. However, since its introduction over 70 years ago, it has been found to possess adverse effects as the induction of neuropathies. There are estimates that as many as 10 % of patients receiving isoniazid will develop some form of neuropathy. Introduction of new medications to stop these neuropathies still pose a challenge. Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) is currently recommended with isoniazid therapy to avert induction of neuropathy. Although ,the potential of vitamin C as an antioxidant to prevent induced neuropathies has been suggested based on previous studies, the findings from this study were intended to contribute valuable insights into the potential therapeutic role of vitamin C as an adjuvant to mitigate neuropathic complications in isoniazid- based therapies. Using well-established animal models, we assessed the effects of vitamin C supplementation on the development and progression of some neuropathic symptoms induced by isoniazid administration. Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: control, isoniazid-treated (800 mg/kg), and combination-treated; Isoniazid with vitamin C in low (7.5 mg/kg), medium (15 mg/kg), high (30 mg/kg) daily doses and isoniazid with pyridoxine (50 mg/kg). Behavioural assessments, including sensory and motor function tests, were conducted at the end of a seven day period to monitor the onset and severity of neuropathy. In conclusion, our findings revealed that isoniazid administration led to a significant decline in sensory and motor functions indicative of peripheral nerve damage. Vitamin C supplementation did not demonstrate a remarkable attenuation of these neuropathic manifestations. Rats co- administered with isoniazid and vitamin C did not exhibit any improvement in sensory and motor functions when compared with the control and standard therapy of pyridoxine. These results negate the potential neuroprotective effects of vitamin C against isoniazid-induced peripheral neuropathy

This research undertakes a comprehensive statistical analysis of Nigeria's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) spanning a decade, with a focus on estimating Autoregressive (AR) models using two prominent statistical methods: the Yule-Walker method and the Least Squares method. The study aims to provide statistical insights into the underlying dynamics of Nigeria's economic performance during this period. The research commences by delineating the statistical framework of ARmodels, which offer a statistical representation of a time series based on its past values. Subsequently, the Yule-Walker method is introduced, a statistical technique leveraging autocorrelation functions to estimate AR model parameters. The statistical properties of Yule-Walker estimators are elucidated in the context of Nigeria's GDP data. In contrast, the Least Squares method is presented as an alternative statistical approach, characterized by its objective to minimize the sum of squared prediction errors. A statistical framework for the least squares estimators is outlined, providing insights into the statistical properties of parameter estimates and their significance in explaining variations in Nigeria's GDP. The core of the research involves the statistical analysis of Nigeria's GDP time series data over the 10-year period. Both the Yule-Walker and Least Squares methods are applied to estimate AR models tailored to the GDP data. The statistical comparison is based on goodness-of-fit statistics, such as the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), to evaluate the models' adequacy in capturing the statistical patterns within the GDP dataset.

The idea indiscipline is considered as a conduct that without delay defines the individual of a individual. Within the society, indiscipline is a product of unacceptable values that an character subscribes or carry out to which regulates his or her conduct and family members with others. It is also recommended that there are appropriate behaviors, proper ethical and social behavior which can be exhibited by using contributors of the society. However, behaviors that does not
conform to those general standards or values inside the society or any social organization can be appeared as in strength of will strength of mind. In the context of schooling particularly secondary schools machine. Indiscipline is seen as a detail of bad behavior. It is an action in opposition to set up set of guidelines administered to college students for smooth getting to know. The guidelines and regulation set in maximum secondary faculties cover As inclusive of dress code, timekeeping, faculty agenda and social conduct. It is anticipated that violation of the policies constitutes in willpower which may quantity to punishment. Percent (2007) assert that
numerous behavioral issues like stealing, violence, drug abuse, exam malpractice, sexual abuse constitutes indiscipline of will in faculties

his study aimed at appraising the availability and utilization of learning resources in adult literacy centres in the Ovia-North Local Government Area of Edo state. To enable the study to achieve its objectives, five (5) research questions were raised. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population of this study will comprise all adult learners in all the literacy centres in Ovia-North Local Government Area of Edo State from which a total of one hundred and fifty (150) are selected to form the sample size for the study. Two research instruments; a checklist and questionnaire titled Questionnaire the availability and utilization of learning resources in adult literacy centres in Ovia-North Local Government Area of Edo state were the instruments used for data collection. The validity of the instrument was ascertained through the expert judgment approach while the test re-test method of estimating reliability was used to determine the reliability of the instrument. A reliability index of 0.76 was obtained using Person Product Moment Correlation Statistics. Collected data were analyzed using frequency count, simple percentage, and mean score standard. Findings from the study revealed that Charts, Posters, Projectors, Public Address Systems, Flash Cards, Primers, Facilitators, Classrooms, Writing / Bulletin boards, Tables and Chairs, Computers and Libraries are the learning resources used for adult literacy learning programmes. Also, facilitators in the literacy centres in the Ovia-North Local Government Area of Edo State have been able to effectively use charts in teaching adult Learners; properly and often used Posters in teaching in class; efficiently utilized Public Address Systems in a literacy class to amplify voice; judiciously utilized Flash Cards in an adult class to help teach alphabets and numbers and have effectively utilized the classroom environment to manage adult learner’s learning process, among others. From the findings of the study, recommendations were proffered which among others included that there is a need for the government to help provide learning resources in literacy centres in the state. This will help to enhance the quality of teaching and learning activities in an adult class

The study investigated the knowledge of the influence of parent-adolescent communication on teenage pregnancy among undergraduates of university of Benin, Nigeria. The study had three objectives. The first objective was to find out how parents communicate sexual and reproductive information with adolescents and its influence on their behavior. The second objective was to assess the influence of parent-adolescent communication on sexual and reproductive behavior. Lastly the study was to identify the challenges of parent-adolescent communication and their influence on sexual and reproductive behavior. The target population of this study comprised students in the university. Simple Random sampling technique was used to select the students and adolescents who participated in the study. Quantitative data was collected from respondents through the survey method using a questionnaire. It was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study found out that 50.7%, of the adolescents were exposed to sex education while 32.3% of the parents had exposed their children to sex education.
Parent-adolescent communication on sex issues occurred at the point where the adolescents had enrolled to institutions of learning. Parent-adolescent communication on sex issues was found to occur regularly as thirty-nine percent of adolescents received sex education monthly, twelve percent received sex education weekly however nine percent never received sex education. On the other hand twenty four percent of parents give sex education monthly, nine percent gives sex education weekly but nine percent never give sex education. A slight variance was found to exist on the awareness about adolescent‘s sexual activeness between household heads and the adolescents.

This project involves the Detailing of Junior Staff Quarters, University of Benin using GNSS receiver. Detail surveys are surveys made to determine the locations of natural and man-made (cultural) features on the Earth’s surface. Once these features are located, they can be represented on maps and survey plans. The project site is the Junior Staff Quarters section of the University of Benin Ugbowo campus, located within three Local Government reas i.e. Egor, Ovia north-east and Ikpoba-okha local government area, Benin City Edo state, Nigeria. The project area is
geographically located in Egor local government area within longitude 5°37'10.89"E and latitude 6°23'44.66"N and longitude 5°37'13.75"E, and latitude 6°23'38.10"N.
The GNSS equipment, specifically the Tersus David, played a pivotal role in accurately surveying both natural and man-made features within the project area. The total area covered encompassed 4.47 hectares, while the perimeter measured 1,009.89 meters. Subsequently, the perimeter and detailed plans were meticulously crafted using AutoCAD software, employing a scale of 1:1500, and presented on standard A3 paper. This meticulous approach ensured precision and clarity in the
project's documentation and representation.
This research project is aimed at developing a survey plan for the study area. The primary objective is to facilitate seamless navigation within the study area for students, staff, and visitors, with a particular focus on supporting property and infrastructure development initiatives.

This study empirically estimated the relationship between credit risk management and the performance of DMBs in Nigeria. Twelve (12) quoted deposit money banks were used in this study. Five variables such as; return on asset, non-performing loan, capital adequacy, leverage and loan loss provision were used for the estimation. The data used ranges from 2011 to 2020 across 12 deposit money banks in Nigeria. And the number of observation is (12 deposit money banks times 10 years) 120. This study used the pooled panel regression technique. This implies that the 120 observations are pooled together before the regression is run, thus neglecting the time series nature and cross sectional nature of the data. Specifically, the following findings were made: that non-performing loan has a negative significant impact on the DMBs performance in Nigeria; that capital adequacy does not have any impact on DMBs performance; that leverage does not have any impact on the DMBs performance; and that loan loss provision has a positive significant impact on the DMBs performance of in Nigeria. Following the findings from this study the following recommendations were made: that DMBs should adequately engage in the effective management of it loan in order to yield positive return and reduce non- performing loans; that DMBs should maintain the statutory minimum reserves of capital to avoid bank runs and the apex regulatory authority should supervise and monitor banks to ensure compliance; among others.

This project work is focused on the volumetric estimation of Agbeju Field, Niger Delta using 3Dseismic data and well logs. Data used for this project include 3-D seismic data in SEG-Y format and suites of five well logs (Agbeju 01, Agbeju 02, Agbeju 03, Agbeju 04 and Agbeju X01). 9 major faults and 24 minor faults were delineated on the seismic data. The lateral extent of 3 hydrocarbon bearing reservoirs were delineated and mapped as blocks (Sand A, Sand B and Sand C) and evaluated showing the petrophysical values across the reservoirs having average porosity of 0.32, average pay thickness of 98.46ft, average net-to-gross ratio of 0.84, and average water saturation of 0.625. From prospect identification, the area of the drilled prospects within the reservoirs ranges from 452.8634 acres – 1196.512 acres. The estimated volumes of hydrocarbons within the drilled prospects is given by Gas initially in place for Sand A (554MMSCF), Sand B (163MMSCF) and Sand C (258MMSCF) and Oil initially in place for Sand B (22.4MMBBL) and Sand C (83.93SMMBBL). The result of the characterization of these reservoirs shows good productive sands with fair to good hydrocarbon saturation of 0.375, with sufficient hydrocarbon volumes necessary for field development and production.

Heavy metals are ubiquitous contaminants in the aquatic ecosystems, posing significant threats to fishes and other aquatic fauna which tend to bioaccumulate this toxicant in their muscle. This study was therefore carried out to investigate the bioconcentration of heavy metals in the muscles tissues of fish fauna within Ikpoba River, Benin city. A total number of 26 (13 Clarias garipienus and Tilapia zilli) fishes were collected from Ikpoba River between June to August 2023. Heavy metals (Cd, Ni, Pb, Cr and Co) in the muscles of the fish were estimated using atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS), while the ratio of heavy metals in the muscles of the fish
relative to water, was estimated using the bioconcentration index. The result showed that Nickel in the muscles of the benthic fish had the highest concentration in the month of June (21.21mg/kg) and lowest in the month of July (14.92mg/kg), while Nickel in the pelagic fish had the highest concentration in August (21.82mg/kg) and lowest in July (12.89mg/kg). Lead and Cadmium were found to be below detectible limit in benthic and pelagic fish muscle tissue across the sampling period. Chromium in the muscle tissue of the benthic fish has the highest in June (10.89mg/kg) and lowest in July (4.85mg/kg), while in pelagic fish, it was found to be highest in August (12.91mg/kg) and lowest in June (6.11mg/kg). The concentration of cobalt in benthic and pelagic fish was found to be highest in the month of August (3.44mg/kg and 12.91mg/kg) and lowest in the month of June (1.93mg/kg and 6.11mg/kg) respectively. These variations therefore signify the level of heavy metal accumulation in their tissues which have impacts on the aquatic ecosystem and human health.

Studies and advancements in neuroscience have been sparked by the prevalence of CNS diseases. Consequently, variety of therapies, medications and treatments with the goal of improving the lives of those affected have been created with an emphasis on herbal medicine. Major research has been done on different parts of Icacina trichantha such as the tubers, stems and leaf. It is traditionally used to treat hypertension, asthma, fever and neurological disorders. Pharmacological studies on the medicinal potential of the plant tuber, leaf and stem have been conducted, however there has been little research done on the leaves of the plant regarding CNS activity. Fresh leaves of Icacina trichantha were harvested, cleaned, dried and extracted over the course of 72 hours by cold maceration using (1:1) distilled water and methanol. Pentylenetetrazole induced seizure, Maximum electroshock induced Seizure, Rota-rod test and static- rod test was carried out in mice using graded doses 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg orally of the plant extract. Results from the experiment revealed that mice administered with 200 mg/kg of the plant extract was protected from pentylyenetetrazole induced seizure. While no protection in maximal electro-shock induced seizure was observed, had no effect on the animal models
used to evaluate skeletal muscle relaxation across all groups treated with the plant extract as compared to the control. This indicates that the plant possesses anti-convulsant activity but not effective on skeletal muscle relaxation.