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Background: In Nigeria, stroke is a major cause of death and disability, and recovery are greatly impacted by health-seeking behaviour (HSB). According to the biopsychosocial (BPS) model, these behaviours are shaped by a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors; however, little is known about how these factors interact among stroke survivors in Edo State, Nigeria. Purpose: This study aimed to use a mixed-methods design to examine the Biopsychosocial determinants of Health Seeking Behaviour among stroke survivors in Edo State. Methods: For the quantitative arm, a convergent parallel mixed-methods approach was used to recruit 55 stroke survivors through multistage sampling. Structured questionnaires (NIHSS, MAS, Berg Balance Scale, HADS, MSPSS) were used to evaluate Biopsychosocial factors and Health Seeking Behaviour. From this group, ten individuals were specifically chosen to participate in in- depth qualitative interviews. While qualitative data was subjected to thematic analysis, quantitative data was subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics (chi-square tests) using SPSS version 27.0. Results: No statistically significant correlations (p > 0.05) were found between Health Seeking Behaviour and any of the Biopsychosocial variables (such as social support, anxiety, comorbidities, and stroke severity). However, a qualitative analysis revealed five major themes that impact HSB: coping strategies, emotional reactions, family, community, and spiritual influences, clinical features and perceived cause, and health-system barriers. Notably, family support, financial limitations, and cultural beliefs played a significant role in the pathways and decisions surrounding care-seeking. Conclusion: Although there was no statistically significant correlation between HSB and standard BPS measures in this sample, qualitative findings highlight the significant impact of systemic, social, and cultural factors. The results emphasize the need for stroke rehabilitation services in Edo State that are accessible, family-inclusive, and culturally sensitive.

Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a relatively simple, safe, and minimally invasive radiological examination used to visualize the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes through the introduction of a contrast medium. Beyond its diagnostic value, HSG also offers therapeutic benefits in the assessment and management planning of infertility. This randomized controlled trial was conducted to determine how pre-procedure education and counseling influence pain perception and anxiety levels among women undergoing HSG. A total of sixty-nine (69) women were selected using a purposive sampling method to ensure appropriate representation of individuals scheduled for the procedure. Data collection involved a structured questionnaire, the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for assessing pain intensity, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) for evaluating anxiety before, during, and after the examination. All collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0. Socio-demographic analysis showed that 25 participants (36.2%) were between 20–29 years, 24 (34.8%) were aged 30–39 years, and 20 (29.0%) fell within 40–49 years. Regarding educational attainment, 44 respondents (63.8%) had university or postgraduate qualifications, whereas 25 (36.2%) had only primary or secondary school education. The majority, 53 women (76.8%), were married. Of the
participants, 35 (50.7%) were assigned to the intervention group and received comprehensive information about the HSG procedure, while 34 (49.3%) formed the control group and did not receive such guidance. Within the intervention group, 32 women (91.4%) reported that the education and counseling were extremely beneficial, while the remaining 3 (8.6%) found them moderately helpful. Pain assessment revealed that in the control group, 58.8% experienced moderate pain and 41.2% reported severe pain. Conversely, among the intervention group, 82.9% reported only mild pain and 17.1% experienced moderate pain. Anxiety levels followed a similar pattern: 67.7% of the control group exhibited high anxiety, whereas 88.6% of the intervention group reported minimal anxiety. Hypothesis testing indicated that all comparisons between the control and intervention groups yielded p-values less than 0.05, signifying statistically significant differences. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected, and the alternative hypothesis was accepted.

Background: Cancer remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and early detection through screening significantly improves treatment outcomes and survival. First-degree relatives (FDRs) of cancer patients are at increased risk of developing cancer due to shared genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Despite this increased risk, screening uptake among FDRs remains low. This study assessed the knowledge of early cancer detection and screening uptake among first-degree relatives of cancer patients in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge of early detection and screening uptake among the first-degree relatives of cancer patients.

Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 410 first-degree relatives of cancer patients attending the Radiotherapy/Clinical Oncology Department of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH), Benin City. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select participants. Data were collected using a pretested self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics, frequencies, percentages, and chi-square tests were used for analysis, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.Results: The mean age of respondents was 35.75 ± 13.34 years, and the majority were females 265 (64.6%). Overall, 268 (65.4%) respondents were aware of early cancer detection and screening. Among those aware, television/radio was the major source of information 104 (38.8%). Mammography was the most recognized screening method 144 (53.7%). Most respondents 209 (78.0%) demonstrated good knowledge of cancer screening and early detection. However, only 96 (23.4%) respondents had previously undergone cancer screening. Ethnicity (p = 0.035) and monthly income (p = 0.014) showed statistically significant associations with knowledge of cancer screening and early detection. Major barriers to screening included poor awareness, fear of diagnosis, inadequate physician recommendation, and limited access to screening services.

Conclusion: Although the majority of respondents demonstrated good knowledge of early cancer detection and screening, screening uptake among first-degree relatives of cancer patients was poor. Improved public health education, increased healthcare provider involvement, and enhanced accessibility and affordability of screening services are recommended to improve cancer screening uptake among high-risk populations. Keywords: Cancer screening, early detection, first-degree relatives, knowledge, screening uptake, Benin City,

The exploration and production of petroleum resources in Nigeria have long generated immense economic wealth but also severe environmental degradation and social dislocation, particularly in oil-producing regions such as the Niger Delta. Despite the existence of multiple legal and regulatory instruments designed to ensure compensation for affected communities, widespread grievances persist over inadequate redress, environmental pollution, and inequitable distribution of oil wealth. This study, therefore, evaluates the effectiveness of the laws governing compensation for oil-producing regions in Nigeria, with
a view to identifying the structural, institutional, and procedural weaknesses that undermine justice and sustainability in the Nigerian oil sector. Adopting a doctrinal and comparative research methodology, the study examines Nigeria’s primary legal
instruments which include including the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999, as amended, the Petroleum Industry Act 2021, the Land Use Act 1978, the Oil Pipelines Act, the NOSDRA Act 2006, etc. It analyzes their provisions on compensation, environmental remediation, and community participation. It further compares Nigeria’s compensation framework with those of other oil-producing jurisdictions, namely Norway, Canada, Ghana, Alaska, and South Africa, to extract best practices and policy lessons relevant to Nigeria’s context. This study finds that while Nigeria’s legal framework is elaborate on paper, its effectiveness is hampered by legislative fragmentation, institutional overlap, poor enforcement, and limited community
participation. Compensation mechanisms are often opaque, inconsistently applied, and insufficiently linked to environmental restoration or livelihood recovery. Conversely, the comparative jurisdictions demonstrate that effective compensation depends on clear statutory duties, strong institutional capacity, judicial enforceability, and public transparency. For example, South Africa’s rights-based approach to environmental protection and Norway’s integration of oil revenues into long-term social welfare provide instructive models for reform.
Based on these findings, the study recommends a comprehensive restructuring of Nigeria’s compensation system. It concludes that true compensation extends beyond monetary payment, it encompasses environmental rehabilitation, livelihood restoration, and respect for the human and environmental rights of oil-producing communities. In achieving these reforms, Nigeria can transform its compensation framework from a reactive mechanism of damage control into a proactive instrument of social justice, environmental protection, and sustainable development, setting a continental standard for equitable resource governance.

The removal of the petrol subsidy in Nigeria has led to a significant increase in fuel prices, posing serious economic challenges for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Given that SMEs contribute approximately 48% to Nigeria’s GDP and employ over 84% of the workforce, understanding how they adapt to rising fuel costs is critical. This study examines the impact of subsidy removal on SMEs, focusing on changes in pricing strategies, cost structures, automation investments, and diversification efforts. Using a mixed-methods approach, data is collected from SMEs across various sectors, including transportation, manufacturing, retail, and services. The study finds that rising fuel prices have forced many SMEs to increase product prices, optimize supply chains, and explore alternative energy sources. Additionally, some businesses are investing in automation and technology to reduce dependence on fuel, while others are diversifying their business models to mitigate risks. However, limited access to financing and economic uncertainty remain major barriers to these adaptive strategies. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for policymakers, suggesting the need for targeted support, such as tax incentives for automation, financial aid for SMEs transitioning to alternative energy sources, and infrastructure development to reduce reliance on costly fuel alternatives. The study contributes to existing literature by offering a holistic analysis of SME survival strategies in response to fuel price volatility in Nigeria.

The study was based on “An Analysis of the Level of Exposure of Secondary School Students to Social Networking Sites in Ovia North East LGA of Edo State”. In order to achieve the intended objectives of the study, five research questions were raised and
answered using the descriptive survey research design. The population of the study comprised of the 80 senior secondary school students in public and private schools in Ovia North East L.G.A. of Edo State. A well-structured questionnaire was the instrument used to elicit information for the study. The data collected were analysed into tables using simple percentage, frequency, mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions as well as interpretation of the information gathered. The findings of the study revealed that WhatsApp, Facebook, and Twitter/X are the predominant social networking sites among secondary school students, while Instagram was the least used. That students are highly exposed to social networking sites, also, findings revealed that both male and female students showed high exposure to social networking sites amongst others. Based on the findings, it was recommended that educators and school administrators should integrate digital literacy and responsible social media use into the school curriculum, that parents should actively monitor and guide their children’s social media use, that policymakers and education authorities should design policies that regulate the use of mobile devices during school hours; furthermore, that school counsellors and mental health professionals should provide sensitization programs and counselling to address issues such as cyberbullying, online peer pressure etc. and finally, it was recommended that special attention should be paid to demographic differences revealed in this study.

Background: Residency training is a supervised postgraduate medical program in Nigeria designed to prepare doctors for specialization. Resident doctors play a critical role in patient management and interdisciplinary collaboration, including aiding referral to rehabilitation services such as physiotherapy. However, evidence suggests that the utilization of physiotherapy services largely depends on physicians’ awareness and perception of its role. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the knowledge and perception of physiotherapy among resident doctors in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH), Benin City, Edo State. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted among 169 resident doctors in UBTH, selected using convenience sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire adapted from validated instruments. The questionnaire assessed sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of physiotherapy, perception of the profession, and factors influencing both. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS v26). Descriptive statistics including frequencies and percentages were used to summarize responses. Results: Of the 169 participants, 62.1% were male and 49.1% were aged 31–45 years. Most respondents (89.9%) identified a degree as the qualification required to practice physiotherapy, and 59.8% reported five years of training. However, 74.0% believed that a doctor’s referral was mandatory before patients could access physiotherapy. While 96.4% recognized physiotherapy as essential in rehabilitation and 60.9% considered it first-line management for musculoskeletal disorders, only 41.4% had personally consulted physiotherapists. Overall, 62.1% demonstrated satisfactory perception of physiotherapy, while 32.0% exhibited good perception. Key factors influencing knowledge and perception included clinical case outcomes (55.0%), interprofessional communication (55.0%), and research findings (46.2%).
Conclusion: Resident doctors in UBTH demonstrated good knowledge and largely positive perception of physiotherapy, although misconceptions about physiotherapy autonomy and limited awareness of practice settings persist. Strengthening undergraduate exposure, interprofessional education, and clinical collaboration may improve referral practices and enhance integration of physiotherapy in patient care.

Fabrics are far more than clothing especially in indigenous culture and this is same for the Yoruba people. This study investigate the meaning of Aso-oke and Adire Fabrics and it importance to the Yoruba people, showing that that fabric designs are expressions of artistry, the people’s beliefs, custom and tradition. The problem addresses the loss of design, Symbols and motif original meaning over time and globalization. Using a qualitative research approach with interview with seller, dyers and observation, this research project shows how the Aso-oke and Adire Fabrics express cultural identity. The research findings shows that the Aso-oke and Adire Fabrics are far more than just attractive clothing, but are communicators of identity, status, unity and cultural heritage. After all research and findings, this study recommend documentation, cultural education, and government support to ensure the preservation and sustainable transmission of these fabric traditions to future generations.

Incidents of social injustice, including discrimination, harassment, and unfair treatment, are common in Nigerian tertiary institutions but are often underreported due to fear of retaliation, lack of confidentiality, or inadequate reporting mechanisms. This project presents the development of the SpeakUp App, a web-based platform designed to enable students to report social injustices securely, anonymously, and efficiently. Data for this study was collected via a structured survey administered to students, providing insights into the challenges they face in reporting incidents and their expectations from a reporting system. The system incorporates features for submitting incident reports, attaching evidence, tracking report status, and providing administrative oversight, ensuring complaints are managed effectively while protecting user privacy. Developed using Django for the backend and ReactJS for the frontend, the application leverages Django’s security framework and a responsive, user-friendly interface. Survey findings informed the design, and system testing confirmed usability and reliability. The results indicate that the SpeakUp App can significantly improve the reporting and management of social injustice incidents, empowering students and promoting fairness within academic environments.

Street-vended foods provide affordable nutrition for many urban populations but often serve as vehicles for food-borne pathogens capable of causing systemic health effects. This study investigated the effects of pathogens isolated from street-vended foods on the hematological parameters and oxidative stress markers of Wistar rats. Bacteria isolated from street-vended foods were obtained for this study and identified using molecular (polymerase chain reaction) technique. Thereafter, isolates were screened for phenotypic virulence characteristics (biofilm formation, haemolysin and gelatinase production) using standard techniques. Twenty-five wistar rats weighing 169.40g-175.01g were used. Enumeration and isolation of feed samples was done using serial dilution and pour plate techniques. After one week acclimatization, rats were randomly selected into five equal groups (control, W1,W2, X1 and X 2). Rats were experimentally infected with different concentrations (0.06ml and 0.1ml) of Escherichia coli (PX395408) and
Klebsiella pneumoniae (PX395409). After infection, changes in the weight of rats were determined weekly. Following sacrifice, blood and tissue samples were obtained for hematology and histopathological examination. The results revealed that E. coli exhibited β-hemolytic activity, was positive for biofilm formation, and negative for gelatinase production, while K. pnuemoniae showed γ-hemolytic activity and was negative for both biofilm and gelatinase production. The total heterotrophic bacterial counts of feed samples ranged from 5.35±0.07 to 6.90±1.56×10⁵ cfu/g, with isolates including Citrobacter spp and Klebsiella spp. The initial body weight of rats ranged from 169.00 ± 13.90 g to 175.00 ± 10.40 g, while the control group weighed 170.61 ± 4.90 g. After infection, the control rats gained weight steadily (189.35 ± 12.52g), whereas infected rats showed weight reduction, ranging from 125.76 ± 11.95 g to 145.02 ± 28.94 g, indicating systemic infection. Hematological analysis revealed that the control rats maintained normal values except for slightly higher white blood cell counts compared to infected groups. Rats infected with E. coli (0.06 mL) recorded higher red blood cell (RBC) and hemoglobin (HGB) levels than the control, while platelet (PLT) counts significantly increased in K. pneumoniae-infected rats, particularly in the high-dose group (1315±546). Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) values, while other parameters showed no significant differences (p>0.05). Oxidative stress markers revealed that K. pneumonia infected rats exhibited elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, indicating oxidative damage, whereas catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were significantly increased in all infected groups. These findings demonstrate that E. coli and K. pnuemoniae from street-vended foods can induce hematological alterations, oxidative stress, and weight loss in Wistar rats, underscoring the need for improved food hygiene and stricter safety regulations.