COUNSELING

Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a relatively simple, safe, and minimally invasive radiological examination used to visualize the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes through the introduction of a contrast medium. Beyond its diagnostic value, HSG also offers therapeutic benefits in the assessment and management planning of infertility. This randomized controlled trial was conducted to determine how pre-procedure education and counseling influence pain perception and anxiety levels among women undergoing HSG. A total of sixty-nine (69) women were selected using a purposive sampling method to ensure appropriate representation of individuals scheduled for the procedure. Data collection involved a structured questionnaire, the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for assessing pain intensity, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) for evaluating anxiety before, during, and after the examination. All collected data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0. Socio-demographic analysis showed that 25 participants (36.2%) were between 20–29 years, 24 (34.8%) were aged 30–39 years, and 20 (29.0%) fell within 40–49 years. Regarding educational attainment, 44 respondents (63.8%) had university or postgraduate qualifications, whereas 25 (36.2%) had only primary or secondary school education. The majority, 53 women (76.8%), were married. Of the
participants, 35 (50.7%) were assigned to the intervention group and received comprehensive information about the HSG procedure, while 34 (49.3%) formed the control group and did not receive such guidance. Within the intervention group, 32 women (91.4%) reported that the education and counseling were extremely beneficial, while the remaining 3 (8.6%) found them moderately helpful. Pain assessment revealed that in the control group, 58.8% experienced moderate pain and 41.2% reported severe pain. Conversely, among the intervention group, 82.9% reported only mild pain and 17.1% experienced moderate pain. Anxiety levels followed a similar pattern: 67.7% of the control group exhibited high anxiety, whereas 88.6% of the intervention group reported minimal anxiety. Hypothesis testing indicated that all comparisons between the control and intervention groups yielded p-values less than 0.05, signifying statistically significant differences. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected, and the alternative hypothesis was accepted.

This study investigates the impact of guidance and counseling on the adaptation of adult learners within literacy Centres in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State. Five (5) research questions were raised to guide the study A total of One Hundred and Fourteen (114) adults learners selected from the Six (6) adult education centres in Oredo local government area where used for the study. The population is manageable as a result no sample was selected. The questionnaire was designed and validated by experts in the Department of Adult and Non-formal Education, Faculty of Education University of Benin. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques consisting of Tables, frequencies counts, and percentages. Findings of the study revealed that learners have at their disposal Vocational, Educational and Information guidance and counselling services .It was further revealed that to a very high extent and high extent guidance and counselling services in the centres are not private enough for free discussion, there is adequate consultation rooms where adults learners are supposed to go and discuss their problems with counselor and the amount of time allocated guidance and counselling services in the centres is sufficient, learners will leave the programme because of their inability to further. It was further recommended that the governments, parents and relevant stakeholders must actively be involved in providing supports where necessary towards ensuring the effectiveness of the guidance and counseling services in the various adult education centres in the area. It was also recommended that efforts should be made to create more awareness among adult learners on the importance role of guidance and counseling services and the need for them to embrace the programme.