RELATIONSHIP

Diabetes mellitus has been increasingly linked with ocular complications, particularly elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), a key risk factor for glaucoma. Understanding the relationship between blood sugar level and Intraocular pressure is critical for early detection and prevention of vision-threatening conditions. This study aimed to determine the relationship between fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels and intraocular pressure and assess the influence of age and gender on these parameters among adults in Benin City, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 adults aged 41–80 years with the mean age (61.5 years) attending St. Teresa Specialist and Laser Eye Center, Benin City. Fasting blood sugar was measured using a glucometer, and intraocular pressure was assessed using an iCare tonometer. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 22, applying t-tests, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. The findings revealed a strong positive correlation between fasting blood sugar and intraocular pressure (r = 0.658, p = 0.01). Males exhibited higher mean IOP (17.44 mmHg) than females (15.49 mmHg; p = 0.047), while older age groups (61–80 years) showed significantly higher FBS (126.84 mg/dl) and IOP (18.72 mmHg) values compared to younger participants (p < 0.05). It is concluded from this study that elevated fasting blood sugar is significantly associated with increased intraocular pressure, with age and gender acting as modifying factors. Routine IOP screening is recommended for individuals with elevated blood glucose, regardless of diabetic status.

The study investigated the relationship between socio-economic background of
parents and students’ academic performance in senior secondary schools in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State. To achieve the purpose of the study, four research questions were raised and answered. The population for this study was made up of all the 5,419 public senior secondary school students in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State. The sample size for the study was made up of 70 respondents. Data collected from the respondents was analyzed using descriptive statistics, precisely mean and standard deviation. The instrument used for the data collection was a structured questionnaire titled “Relationship between Socio-Economic Background of Parents and Students’ Academic Performance Questionnaire (RSEBPSAPQ)”. The constructed questionnaire for the study was presented to the project supervisor to confirm for content validity. The Cronbanch Alpha method was used to determine the reliability of the instrument. The questionnaire was administered to a group of 20 respondents which were not part of the study but were part of the population. A Cronbach Alpha coefficient of .887 was obtained. This shows that the instrument is reliable. The findings from the study include that there is no significant relationship between parental socio-economic background and students’ academic performance based on sex. It was concluded that socio-economic background of parents such as education, occupation and cultural values significantly influence on students’ academic performance in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State. The study recommended among others that the government should introduce policies and scholarship schemes aimed at supporting students from low socio-economic backgrounds. Such initiatives would help to reduce financial barriers that limit students’ access to quality education and, consequently, improve their academic performance

This project work is to evaluate the effect of single parenting on the psycho-social development of the adolescent in Benin city, Edo state. Five well structured research questions were formulated, and twenty five questions were administered to the respondents to collect response from them. The population of the study which includes three various schools in Egor local Government area, Benin city, Edo state. To Conduct the study, a total of 120 respondents were drawn as correspondent. The respondents were chosen using the simple random sampling techniques. From the analysis, it was found that the level of education of parents, their socio-economic status, their relationship with their children, the structure of the home a child grows in, have either negative or positive influence on the children’s life and academic performance. The outcome of our analysis showed that all factors investigated have impact on the life and education success of the students in general. Some of the recommendations are: parents should provide adequate school materials for their children to study with and should pay their school fees in time.

This study explores the relationship between digital literacy and academic performance among tertiary education students. As education becomes increasingly digitised, students are epected to navigate online learning platforms, conduct digital research, collaborate virtually, and utilises various technological tools. However, disparities in digital literacy levels may affect students’ ability to engage effectively with academic materials, leading to variations in performance. This research investigates how digital literacy skills—such as information retrieval, digital communication, content creation, and problem-solving—correlate with students’ academic success. A quantitative research design was employed, with data collected through structured questionnaires distributed to tertiary education students. Stratified random sampling was used to ensure diverse representation across different institutions, disciplines, and demographic groups. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression modelling to determine the extent to which digital literacy influences academic performance. Findings indicate a strong positive correlation between digital literacy and academic performance, with students possessing higher digital literacy skills achieving better grades and engaging more effectively in academic tasks. The study highlights key areas where digital literacy impacts learning, as well as challenges faced by students with lower digital proficiency. The results emphasise the need for educational institutions to integrate digital literacy training into their curricula, provide access to digital tools, and implement policies that bridge the digital divide. By fostering strong digital literacy skills, universities can enhance student engagement, improve learning outcomes, and better prepare graduates for an increasingly digital world. This study contributes to the growing body of research on digital education and offers practical recommendations for educators, policymakers, and students to optimise the role of technology in academic success

This research examines the legal, cultural, and human rights dimensions of the prohibition of same-sex relationships in Nigeria. The study is situated within the context of a profound national and international debate, sparked by the enactment of the Same-Sex Marriage (Prohibition) Act (SSMPA. The primary aim of this work is to conduct a multi-faceted examination of Nigeria’s stance on same-sex relationships. To achieve this, the study pursues several key objectives: to meticulously analyze the legal architecture of prohibition, encompassing the SSMPA, the Criminal Code, and the Penal Code; to interrogate the foundational role of deep-seated cultural and religious norms in shaping public opinion and legal enforcement; to crit cally investigate the consequent human rights implications for sexual minorities; to place the Nigerian system in a global context through a comparative analysis with jurisdictions including South Africa, Uganda, Kenya, the United States, the Netherlands, and Qatar; and finally, to propose legal and policy recommendations aimed at addressing identified gaps and contradictions within the existing framework. The theoretical framework is built on Natural Law theory, Cultural Relativism and Human Rights Universalism. This framework is not an isolated legal phenomenon but is deeply entrenched in and reinforced by a societal consensus rooted in conservative interpretations of Christianity and Islam, as well as traditional African values that prioritize procreation and defined gender roles. This domestic conflict is mirrored at the international level, where the laws contravene Nigeria’s commitments under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR)

This study examined the relationship between stress and academic performance among final-year students in the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Benin. Stress, as a response to academic, financial, and personal pressures, often exceeds students’ coping capacities and affects their academic outcomes. The research aimed to assess the effect of stress on performance, identify its major causes, and examine coping mechanisms among students. Guided by Lazarus and Folkman’s Transactional Model of Stress and Coping (1984), the study employed an explanatory design. Data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to 150 students selected via stratified random sampling across six departments and analyzed using simple percentages and frequency distributions. Findings revealed that most students frequently experience academic-related stress, which intensifies during their final year. The major sources of stress were financial difficulties, examinations, and project work. The study further discovered that stress negatively affects students’ concentration, motivation, and overall academic performance, often leading to physical and emotional exhaustion. Many students reported experiencing burnout and health-related issues resulting from prolonged academic pressure. Sleeping and talking to friends or family were the most common coping strategies, while only a few students sought professional help, indicating inadequate use of institutional support systems The study recommended establishing stronger mental health services, reducing academic workloads, and improving communication between students and faculty. It concludes that unmanaged academic stress has a significant adverse effect on students’ performance and well-being, emphasizing the need for proactive institutional interventions to promote healthier coping mechanisms and academic success

This research examines the influence of social media on the sexual behaviour and interpersonal relationships of adolescent students at the University of Benin. Guided by the Uses and Gratifications Theory and Social Learning Theory, the study employed a survey design. Data were collected from 200 students selected from halls of residence using a structured questionnaire and analysed through descriptive statistics. The results demonstrate that social media plays a significant and dualistic role, facilitating connection and information while simultaneously introducing substantial risks to relationship quality and sexual conduct. Key issues identified include the prevalence of social comparison, exposure to explicit content, and a critical gap in guidance from parents and educators. The study concludes by advocating for integrated educational programs and stronger protective policies to safeguard adolescent well-being in the digital age.

The morphometric analysis of Synodontis courteti and Chrysicthys walkeri was carried out in Ovia River, Edo State, Nigeria. A total of fifty-four specimens of the two species were sampled over a period of six months, June to November, 2024. Specimens were transported to the laboratory and morphometric indices such as Total Length (TL), Standard Length (SL), Head Length (HL), Body Weight (BW), Intestinal Length (IL) and Body Depth (BD)were assessed using standard methods. The standard length and body weight of S. courteti ranged from 11.3 to 17.6cm and 40 to 225g, while the standard length and body weight of C.walkeri ranged from 10 to 19.4cm and 40 to 100g.The growth coefficient (b) was between 1.539 and 0.980 for S. courteti and C. walkeri. Results showed that both species exhibited a negative allometric growth. The intestinal length of S. courteti ranged from 9 to 21.0 while the intestinal length of C.walkeri ranged from 7.2 to 13.2. Following standard gut-length relationship for feeding classification, (<100 carnivore and >100 omnivore), both species were classified as carnivores having ratios of 87.77% and 72.67% respectively.

This study examined the length-weight relationship, Fulton's k-factor, and sex ratios of Chromidotilapia guentheri and Malapterurus electricus from October 2023 to March 2024. The study was carried out in Ikpoba River, Benin City. The Overall mean values for total length (TL), standard length (SL), head length (HL), body depth (BD), weight, and k-factor for Chromidotilapia guentheri during the sampling period were 26.0cm, 20.3cm, 7.1cm, 8.2cm,106.4g, and 3.8725, respectively. The Overall mean values for TL, SL, HL, BD, weight, and k-factor Malapterurus electricus during the sampling period were 32.9cm, 28.0cm, 8.5cm, 5.3cm, 139.2g, and 4.5710, respectively. The sex ratios of C. guentheri were 0.4:0.6, indicating a higher number of females, M. electricus were 1:00.8, indicating a higher number of males. C. guentheri had a mean k-factor ranging from lower than 1.61 in November to higher than 2.26 in March, while M. electricus ranged from lower than 0.94 in January to higher than 10.4 in March. The regression coefficients were less than 3 (b<3) for both species, indicating a negative allometric growth, meaning that the fish become slimmer/less weighty with increasing. The knowledge of these species is important for proper management of fishery resources and increase knowledge on understanding the species and other related fish.

This study examined the relationship between perceived use of resources and achievement
in oxidation-reduction reaction, percentage perception of students’ use of resources, and
the contribution of sex, type of school, and level of perceived use of resources to students’ achievement in oxidation-reduction reactions in Urban areas of Ovia-North East LGA, Edo
state. Based on this, six research questions were raised and three were hypothesized and
tested at 0.05 alpha level of significance. A survey research design incorporating ex-post facto was adopted as research design for
the study. The population for this study consists of four hundred and seventy-nine (479)
senior secondary II chemistry students in public and private secondary schools in urban
areas of Ovia North East LGA, Edo state. A sample of two hundred and seventy-seven
(277) chemistry students were selected for the study through purposive random sampling
techniques. An instrument titled Perceived use resource inventory and achievement test
was used to collect data from the students in the study. The instrument was face and content
validated by the researcher’s supervisor, a lecturer in Chemistry Department and a
chemistry teacher. The questionnaire had a reliability coefficient of 0.830 using Cronbach
Alpha Statistics while the achievement test had a reliability coefficient of 0.731 using
Kuder Richardson (KR-20), hence the instrument was deemed reliable. The instrument was
administered by the researcher with the assistance of the chemistry teacher and retrieved
from the students immediately they were completed. The data collected from the students
were analyzed using, percentage, Pearson product moment correlation and multiple
regression. The results from the Study showed that majority of the students were well acquainted with
the resources used in oxidation-reduction reactions. The result also showed that male
students identified resources for teaching oxidation-reduction reaction correctly compared
to female students. Furthermore, the results showed that male students identified resources
for teaching oxidation-reduction reaction correctly more than the female students both in
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public schools and private schools. The result also revealed that there was a
significant relationship between perceived use of resources and the achievement
of students inoxidation-reductions. It was also revealed from the result that there
was no significant relationship between perceived use of resources and the
achievement of male and female students in oxidation-reductions in public and
private schools. The result further revealed that perceived use of resources
significantly contributed to the achievement of the students in oxidationreduction reaction, whereas, sex and school ownership did not significantly
contribute to the achievement of the students. Based on the findings in the study, it was recommended that chemistry teachers should prioritized using resources
in explaining concepts so as to increase the students' conceptualization and also
deploy the most appropriate pedagogical contents that could help students
conceptualize very well and know what is expected in oxidation-reduction
reactions, chemistry teachers should ensure that both male and female science
students are actively involved in science classes, government and private school
owners should provide learning materials especially in the science areas like
chemistry to meet the needs of students during their learning and study time.