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After acquiring a building for an office the next important task before the officemanager is office space planning or office environment. Offices that are not well
planned and arranged do affect the effectiveness and efficiency of office workwhile office environment may be defined as the arrangement of equipment andfurniture within the available flow space the environment should have positiveeffects on administrative performance of the office. This project surveyedhowoffice environment affects office administrative performance. It was discoveredthat the way office environment is can have either positive or negative effectsonoffice performances. The method used in the project was the popular questionnairewhich enabled the researchers to carry out their findings fromthe respondents. It
was discovered that office environment really affect administrative performance and also discovered that the offices in the department of Public Administration are not well equipped.

Acid rain significantly impacts soil chemistry, particularly the availability of essential basic cations such as calcium (Ca²⁺), magnesium (Mg²⁺), sodium (Na⁺), and potassium(K⁺). This study examines the effect of acid rain on soil basic cations within coastal plains and parent material at three locations in the University of Benin, Edo State, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from two depths (0-30 cm and 30-60 cm) in three different locations and were analyzed for some soil physical and chemical properties using standard procedure, while rain water samples were collected from the same locations and were analyzed for pH. The results indicated a general decrease in soil pH with depth, with JSQ showing the highest mean pH (5.65), followed by Hall 2 (5.31) and AGR305(5.10). The lowest pH (4.77) was recorded at 30-60 cm in AGR 305, suggesting increased acidification and leaching effects. Exchangeable cation analysis revealed calcium as the dominant cation, with mean values of 0.73 cmol/kg at JSQ, 0.64 cmol/kgat Hall 2, and 0.57 cmol/kg at AGR 305. Magnesium levels ranged from0.14to0.32cmol/kg, with JSQ (0.26 cmol/kg) near the critical threshold (0.2 cmol/kg), while Hall 2(0.19 cmol/kg) and AGR 305 (0.18 cmol/kg) indicated possible deficiencies. Sodium and potassium levels remained close to the critical limits across all locations, with potassium at 0.23 cmol/kg in JSQ, 0.17 cmol/kg in Hall 2, and 0.16 cmol/kg in AGR305.

The traditional batch process for biogas production has been dominant, but it often leads to inefficiencies and inconsistent gas output. This project aims to address these issues by designing and producing a continuous household biogas digester, which promises a more stable and reliable method for generating renewable energy from organic waste. The development of the digester was guided by the design tree process, starting with feasibility studies and progressing through design specifications, conceptual designs, and detailed design phases. The fabrication involved constructing key components such as the inlet system, a 150-liter
steel digester tank, and the outlet system. Although most planned components were successfully incorporated, some were excluded due to unforeseen challenges.
The digester demonstrated the potential for continuous biogas production, though improvements are needed. The project concluded with recommendations for enhancing system efficiency and exploring alternative materials to reduce production costs, suggesting that with further refinement, this design could become a viable household solution for renewable energy production.

This study was designed to examine the influence of societal attitudes toward the
education of learners with hearing impairments in Benin City. Four research questions were formulated to guide the study.
The study adopted a descriptive research design. The total sample of the study consisted
of fifty(50) learners with hearing impairments in Ihogbe College, from both junior and
senior schools (Hearing Impaired unit) in Benin City, a public Secondary School in the
sampled area. Random sampling technique has used to select the respondents. The
research instruments for the study was a questionnaire titled "Societal Attitudes Towards
the Education of Learners with Hearing Impairments Questionnaire" which was
distributed to the respondents and collected immediately after completion. Simple
frequency percentages, mean scores and standard deviations were used to analyze the
responses. To ensure the reliability of the study, Cronbach's Alpha was calculated,
yielding a value of 0.716.
The findings revealed that societal attitudes have a minimal direct impact on these
learners' educational experiences, with most respondents reporting no significant stigma
or discrimination from peers or teachers. However, the study highlights that
misconceptions and lack of awareness about hearing impairments create challenges in
their education, particularly regarding inclusion in regular classrooms. While societal
attitudes do not significantly motivate academic achievement, they negatively influence
learners' self-esteem and confidence. The study indicates that negative perceptions from
peers and teachers, while not directly affecting academic performance, can lower
motivation and self-confidence, leading to indirect impact on academic success. Overall,
the findings suggests that societal attitudes, while having a modest influence, play a more
significant role in shaping the emotional well being and inclusion of learners with hearing
impairments than in their academic outcomes.

The growing demand for renewable and sustainable fuels has led to increased research into biodiesel production from non-edible oils. This study aims to evaluate the techno economic feasibility of biodiesel production from a ternary blend of neem oil, castor oil, and waste vegetable oil. The research focuses on analyzing the economic viability through Aspen Plus simulation, with an emphasis on optimizing reaction parameters to achieve a high biodiesel yield while maintaining
cost-effectiveness. In this study, the acid values of the feedstocks were first determined through titration, revealing the need for pre-treatment via esterification before transesterification. The Aspen Plus process simulation was employed to model the transesterification reaction, incorporating key factors such as methanol-to-oil ratio, reaction temperature, and the flowrate. A techno-economic analysis was
conducted to determine capital investment, operating costs, net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and payback period, providing insights into the financial viability of the biodiesel production process. The results indicate that biodiesel production from the ternary blend is economically feasible.
The total capital investment for the project was $7,020,220 (₦10,603,000,000), with an annual operating cost of $1,793,070 (₦2,710,000,000). The total revenue generated was $15,678,800 (₦23,678,000,000) per year, leading to an NPV of $78,295,380 (₦118,180,000,000) at a 10% interest rate. The internal rate of return (IRR) was 28.2%, demonstrating strong investment potential, while the payback period was approximately 0.51 years (~6 months), indicating rapid cost recovery. Additionally, the profit margin was 88.56%, confirming the economic viability of
the process

This study investigates a plant-based surfactant alternative as a result of the growing need for surfactants that are both economical and ecologically friendly for enhanced oil recovery. Using alkali from corn cobs, this study explores the synthesis of a natural surfactant from Aloe vera for possible use in enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Corn cobs were calcined for eight hours at 450°C to produce the alkali, which was then extracted using distilled water. Aloe vera leaves were macerated with 62.5% ethanol to extract saponins, which were then filtered and the
solvent evaporated. To create the surfactant, the isolated saponins were mixed with the alkali solution that had been created under controlled conditions.
Several tests were carried out to assess the surfactant's effectiveness. Tests for emulsification and foam stability were carried out to evaluate the characteristics. The surfactant's functional groups were also compared to those of the synthetic surfactant Tween 80 using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed using Box-Behnken Design to optimize the experimental variables and produce surfactant.
The research results showed that the aloe vera-derived surfactant proved a viable alternative for conventional synthetic surfactants due to its foaming ability and emulsion formation. The existence of functional groups typical of surfactants was confirmed by the FTIR analysis which was similar to that of tween 80. The surfactant produced had an optimum volume of emulsion of 2.52 ml which was achieved with saponin concentration of 0.0587 g/ml, 0.0186g/ml alkaline concentration at the duration of 53 mins. The RSM model was seen to be quite effective in
optimizing surfactant production because of the R2 of 0.9719. This study demonstrates the viability of using agricultural waste (corn cobs) with locally produced aloe vera to create an affordable and sustainable surfactant, supporting environmentally friendly industrial processes.

This report details the design and implementation of an electric-solar vehicle,
focusing on the fabrication and testing of its inverter. The inverter, a crucial
component for efficient power conversion, was developed to optimize the
integration of solar energy with an electric motor drive. This report focuses on the
practical aspects of the inverter's construction and performance evaluation.
The design considerations are outlined, followed by a detailed description of the
component selection, PCB fabrication, and assembly. Performance testing results,
demonstrating the inverter's efficiency and suitability for the vehicle, are also
included.

This study examines how environmental pollutants affect aquatic animals' genetic integrity, with a focus on the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). This study was undertaken is to evaluate DNA damage in C. gariepinus samples obtained from the upstream of Ikpoba River in Benin City, a freshwater body impacted by human activities notably, industrial effluent discharge from a brewery into the river. The piscine micronucleus assay was employed for identifying and measuring breaks in DNA strands in ten (10) samples of C. gariepinus obtained from several points along the river because of its ecological and economic importance as well
as its high sensitivity to chemical stressors, serving as an ecotoxicological indicator species that offers important information about the level of pollution in aquatic habitats. Results showed that fish from the study site had significantly more DNA damage than control groups from unpolluted habitats, indicating that the Ikpoba River's contaminants cause genotoxic stress. It was revealed that heavy metals were among the possible sources of pollution that the study found to be important contributors to the observed genetic damage. Furthermore, the degree of exposure and pollutant concentration were associated with differences in DNA
damage levels among the fish studied. The findings highlight how urgently the Ikpoba River and other comparable water bodies need to be regularly monitored and cleaned up. Such genetic harm has consequences for population health and ecological sustainability in addition to individual creatures, underscoring the wider environmental and socioeconomic effects of water pollution. By laying the groundwork for upcoming ecotoxicological research and conservation tactics, this study is an essential step in comprehending and reducing genotoxic dangers in
aquatic systems.

The study seeks to examine the multi-locational trail of fifteen genotype of
shrunken-2 super sweet maize in benin city. The experiment was conducted at experimental farm with the premises of university of benin teaching hospital. Benin city, nigeria fifteen super sweet corn (maize) genetype “UISSH 1, UISSH 2, UISSH 3. UISSH4, UISSH 5, UISSH 6, UISSH 7, UISSH 8, UISSH 9, UISSH 10, UISSH 11, UISSH 12, UISSH 13, UISSH 14 and UISSH 15 varieties were evaluated in this experiment. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three
replications. The data collected was analyzed using Genstat version 12.
Characters measured included Seedling emergence all 11 days, days to 50%
tasseling, day to 50% silking, days to 50% pollen shedding. Ear height, plant
height, number of, days to maturity, Number of cob, cob weight, husk cover, ear
aspect and fresh ear yield. The effects of genotype (G) were found to be highly
significant (p<0:01) days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% pollen shedding, Ear
geight. The result of experiments showed that there was significant difference
due to genotype effect in plant height, days to 50% tasselilng, days to 50% pollen
shedding, ear height, plant height and days to maturity. Genotype also affects
days to Cob number, cob weight and fresh ear yield. The genotypes, UISSH3
was identified as one of the most promising for production Benin city although
this variety can be improved for early emergence and better

his project delves into the realm of network security through the development and evaluation of an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) that harnesses the power of feature selection and ensemble models. In today's digitally interconnected world, the protection of networks against malicious activities and cyber threats is of paramount importance. IDSs serve as the first line of defence in identifying and mitigating these threats, making their enhancement a critical area of research.
This study demonstrates the efficacy of combining feature selection methods with ensemble models to fortify IDS capabilities. By conducting an extensive review of existing IDS methodologies, collecting network data, and employing ensemble techniques, this research showcases that this approach surpasses traditional feature selection methods not only in accuracy but also in computational efficiency.
The use of ensemble models has rendered the IDS more resilient, adaptable to diverse attack patterns, and robust against the inherent noise in network data. These findings contribute significantly to the field of cybersecurity, shedding light on the potential of uniting feature selection and ensemble models to optimise IDS performance. The practical implications of this research extend to organisations and institutions seeking to bolster their network security posture. Elevating IDS accuracy and efficiency is a pivotal step towards safeguarding networks against the continually evolving landscape of cyber threats.