FACULTY OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES

The Digitally Programmable Temperature/Time-Based Control System puts forth a system which enables users to choose the preferred temperature for the water to be heated while the device is in the temperature mode. The design is built with the objective of implementing a digital temperature monitoring circuit that will collect the temperature of water and send the value, digitally to a microcontroller and to create an alerting mechanism that will be in the form of an audio alarm and a visual display to alert the operator that an operation is done. By also providing precise temperature regulation and accurate timing the water heater will turn on when the user sets the desired temperature via the input switches, and the screen will begin counting down from the chosen time to zero. A signal from the microcontroller will be sent to the transistor's base through the resistor when the water reaches the specified temperature, cutting off the power to the heater. In order to activate the relay, the transistor must become saturated. Given that the heater is linked to the relay's typically open contact, the water heater will be turned off. The flow chart were established, which helped with the proper circuit diagram design and simulations utilizing electrical simulation software like PROTEUS ISIS. The MIDE-written assembly language program was translated to machine code using TOPWIN6, and then burnt into the microcontroller IC using a universal programmer. The 555 timer, which is connected in the Astable mode, will be activated at the same moment by the microcontroller depending on the written program stored in its ROM. This will enable the buzzer to pulse and an alarm to sound with an LED flashing. The complete system operates on a 5 volts power supply which is
obtained from the public mains. This design makes use of an efficient and low-cost technology for controlling the appliances thus minimizing the power wastage. The results showed that the developed system provided accurate temperature control with a deviation of less than 1°C, and precise timing control with a deviation of less than 5 seconds.

Lifetime data analysis plays a crucial role in various fields, ranging from engineering to epidemiology. In this study, we investigate the effectiveness of the Paralogistic-Weibull distribution in modeling lifetime data compared to other competing distributions such as the Weibull and Paralogistic distributions. Two datasets were analyzed: the daily number of COVID-19 infected persons in Nigeria and the survival times of patients with Head and Neck Cancer. We employed goodness-of-fit tests, including the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Anderson-Darling, and Cramér-von Mises tests, along with discrepancy criteria such as the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), to evaluate the performance of the distributions. The results indicate that the ParalogisticWeibull distribution consistently outperforms the other distributions across both datasets, exhibiting higher p-values and lower discrepancy criteria values. Therefore, we conclude that the Paralogistic-Weibull distribution offers superior flexibility and accuracy in modeling lifetime data, providing valuable insights for practitioners and researchers in the field of lifetime data analysis.

This study introduces a new distribution known as Marshall-Olkin Lomax-Weibull Distribution, a novel lifetime model that extends the flexibility of an existing Lomax Weibull distribution in reliability analysis and survival studies. The proposed distribution combines the Marshall-Olkin transformation with the Lomax Weibull distributions resulting to an additional scale parameter added to the four parameter Lomax-Weibull Distribution, and enhancing its ability to model diverse hazard rate behaviours, including increasing, decreasing, bathtub, and upside-down bathtub shapes and monotonic and nonmonotonic failure data which could be obtained from complex systems used in diverse scientific fields. Some statistical properties of the proposed lifetime distribution are considered. Parameter estimation of the Marshall-Olkin Lomax-Weibull distribution is obtained using maximum likelihood Estimation. Comparison with other traditional models, applicability and flexibility of the new distribution in lifetime analysis is illustrated with the aid of a real life example. The real world applications demonstrate the superiority of the Marshall-Olkin Lomax Weibull distribution in fitting complex datasets compared to traditional models

The present study was carried out to determine proximate analysis andselectedmineral contents of “2mm grade of selected fish feeds”, (Na, K, Cu, Fe, Zn, Cr, Co, Mn, Mg, Pb, Cd). The research was performed to qualify the nutrient andtoassessthe content of ash and moisture and the mineral contents. Proximate compositionwas determined on the homogenous basis. The percentage of protein indif erentfeed ingredients ranged from 46.16 + 0.18 to 51.50+ 0.02%. The highest proteincontent (51.50%) was recorded from the blue crown fish feed and the lowest value(46.18%) was recorded from the allerqua fish feed. The percentage of fibre, ashand moisture were recorded Fibre (0.34% to 0.54%), Ash (4.20 %to 6.20%) andMoisture (4.01% to 7.15%) respectively. The highest amount of moisture (7.15%)was found in Blue crown and the lowest amount (4.01%) was found in Aqualisandthe determination of selected Mineral contents. To maintain the optimumnutrientcontent and ultimately rapid growth in the aquaculture farms, the farmer shouldtake proper initiatives for measuring the nutrients in feed usually of eredinfarms.

The main thrust of this research is to identify issues and strategies that can help in the implementation of e-learning in higher educational institutions in Nigeria (using UNIBEN as a case study). The background review concentrated on theoretically established ways of implementing this technologically-driven education in such pedagogic strategies, technological strategies, staff issues, financial issues and collaboration between government and private sector agencies. The research adopted the exploratory method of research to critically examine the complexities involved in the real-world context in implanting ICT for education in order to address the issues involved. The research findings affirm the need to encourage e-learning implementation
in Nigerian higher educational institutions.

Web applications and network security are critical in today’s digital landscape, requiring robust vulnerability assessment tools to detect and mitigate potential threats. This study presents a comparative analysis of Nessus and Burp Suite, two widely used security assessment tools, to evaluate their effectiveness in identifying vulnerabilities in web applications and networks. Nessus, a powerful network vulnerability scanner, is primarily used for identifying misconfigurations, missing patches, and security loopholes in networked systems. In contrast, Burp Suite is a web security testing tool focused on identifying vulnerabilities such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), and authentication flaws in web applications. This paper compares the tools based on key parameters such as scanning capabilities, ease of use, reporting features, accuracy, and suitability for different security assessments. The findings provide insights into the strengths and limitations of each tool, helping security professionals choose the appropriate tool based on their specific security assessment needs

This project focuses on the detailed mapping of the Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Benin, using modern geospatial technologies such as the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and AutoCAD. The study aims to produce an accurate, up-to-date, and comprehensive spatial representation of the Faculty, serving as a vital resource for future development, infrastructure planning, and facility management. The main objectives include generating a detailed and georeferenced map showing all key facilities and infrastructures, producing a perimeter plan that defines the Faculty’s boundaries, and creating a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) to represent the topography and terrain variations within the study area. The methodology adopted involved office and field reconnaissance, data acquisition using Trimble GNSS receivers, data processing, and map generation through GIS and CAD platforms. The processed data provided valuable spatial insights into the Faculty’s physical layout, infrastructure distribution, and elevation characteristics. The contour, TIN, and DEM maps generated will support engineering design, environmental management, and urban planning within the Faculty. The study concludes that the integration of GNSS and GIS technologies enhances the efficiency, accuracy, and quality of mapping projects. It is recommended that regular geospatial updates be conducted to monitor infrastructural changes and to support continuous development and sustainable campus management at the University of Benin.

The result for proximate analysis on Ginger( Zingiber officinale) showed carbohydrates 59.97± 0.41, crude fibre 3.65± 0.05, Ash 6.23 ± 0.10, Crudefat8.66±0.35, protein 11.90 ±0.15, and moisture 9.47±0.09. From the results, ginger has high carbohydrate content and contain low value of moisture indicating a longer shelf life.The Phytochemical screening of ginger showed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, phenolics, terpenoids, saponin, glycoside, steroids, and the absence of tannin, phlobotanin, and anthraquinone. Antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties can be attributed to the presence of the phytochemicals present

One hundred (100) ditch cutting samples from OK-1 well, Greater Ughelli Depobelt, Niger Delta Basin, Southern Nigeria, collected from Research and Development Division of Shell Petroleum Development Company was subjected to lithological analysis with the aim of identifying the lithofacies, lithozones, source rocks and seal or caprocks of the analyzed section of the well. The lithological analysis was carried out between six thousand, one hundred and forty (6140ft) and twelve thousand, seven hundred and forty (12740ft). Various lithofacies, together with their associated mineral units were observed mainly by visual examination, taking note of grain sizes, shapes, color, sorting patterns, presence of plant materials and lignitemstreaks of the samples provided. Results of the lithological analysis yielded two (2) lithofacies, which include shale and sandy shale, with presence of plant materials and streaks of lignite, and as a result six (6) lithozones were established. All the lithofacies within the analyzed section of The well were regarded as potential source rocks, because they satisfied the lithological characteristics of source rocks. Seal or caprocks potential of the analyzed section could not however be totally ascertained, because the shales and sandy shales were not observed to be deposited on a reservoir rock by reason of their stratigraphic position, despite satisfying the lithological characteristics of seal or caprock. The analyzed section 6140ft- 12740ft of the OK-1 well was inferred to be the Agbada Formation (paralic sequence) of the Niger Delta Basin, by reason of depth and lithofacies within the section which are basically shale and lesser percentages of sand particles

The Niger Delta is a complex and dynamic sedimentary basin located offshore Nigeria. The Delta Field within this region has been a significant hydrocarbon producer. Understanding the sequence stratigraphy of this area is crucial for exploration and production activities. This study aims to analyze the stratigraphic framework, depositional environments, and sequence architecture of the Delta Field using well logs, seismic data, and core samples. By integrating these data, we aim to identify the key stratigraphic units, depositional sequences, and their correlation across the field. This research will provide valuable insights into the geological history and hydrocarbon potential of the Niger Delta, aiding in future exploration and reservoir characterization efforts