FACULTY OF ARTS

An intergroup relation is the relations among states, covering the political, cultural, economic and other relations in their formal and informal dimensions and diversities. Intergroup relations include all international phenomena, all transactions whether involving the state or ordinary individuals across state boundaries. The Pre- colonial societies were so interwoven that the actions of one affect the other. Intergroup relation is a recent and popular theme in the Africa historiography. The subject is not only peculiar to the western world alone, but prevalent in Africa and also amidst numerous ethnic groups in Nigeria. Diverse ethnic group in Nigeria engaged in some forms of relations at one point or the other, either through treaties, peaceful mean, diplomacy, conflict or war and trade, whichever means this relationship or interaction is built, intergroup relation existed and it is a continuous process in as much, humans interact and co-operate in the international system.

The study is focused on the Ethical Issues, Stereotypes, and Nollywood Film Production in Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to examine the ethical issues prevalent in Nollywood film production, to identify
common stereotypes in Nollywood films and their potential impacts on viewers, to explore the implications of these stereotypes on social perceptions within Nigeria and to recommend ethical guidelines to address these issues and improve film production in Nollywood. In terms of the theoretical framework, the Social Responsibility theory was adopted, while the research methodology employed was the survey research method. Questionnaire was used by the researcher to gather data for the study. Findings of the study revealed that there are concerns among Nollywood viewers regarding theprevalence of stereotypes in films and the influence these films have on shaping attitudes and behaviors, mostespecially among young viewers.The findings alsoshowedthatgender,ethnicstereotypesandmentalhealthareprevalentissuesinNollywoodfi
lms.ItwasthereforeconcludedthatthereareethicalissuesandnegativestereotypesinNigerianfilmsandt
hatNollywoodfilmsplayasignificantroleinshapingitsaudienceperceptions.Theresearcherrecomme
ndedthatNollywoodfilmmakersadoptethicalguidelinestoensuretheportrayalofdiverse,realistic,a
ndpositivecharacters.ItwasalsorecommendedthattheFilmCensusBoardshouldtakeanactiverolein
monitoringfilms

Costume and make up are very important aspect of a dramatic presentation, as it gives out the interpretative meaning of the physical appearance of a character; therefore it is highly symbolic and cannot be over emphasized. Many people have different conceptions and interpretation on costume and make up, some see it as fashion, and others as a medium of shelter, while others see it as an enhancement of the human body. In spite of this misconception and misinterpretation, the communicative ability of costume and make up still persists among Africans and non-Africans. There is a need to make right this misconception and misinterpretation to help achieve the desired cultural interpretation imbedded in the use of costume and make up. The researcher therefore, to interrogate this research problem, adopted the primary and secondary method of data analysis which includes in-depth content analysis of textbooks, relevant journals and seminar papers towards analyzing the symbolic essence, the cultural interpretation of costume and make up, using the Egba Festival of the Kokori, Delta State as a working metaphor, to
successfully give undertone meaning to costume and make up, used in the production. Furthermore the use of costume and make up will give the community cultural identification, sense of belonging and make the indigenes see and appreciate their dress sense as a communicative tool

This study examines public perception of social media use for political campaigns in 2023 Nigeria elections. The study sought to discover public perception on the use of social media platforms for political campaign messages. The theories used to support this study were Uses and gratification theory and Agenda setting theory. The study employed the survey method using questionnaire as the instrument for data collection. Findings reveal that social media platforms are used for political campaign messages, social media platforms are seen as a two way communication system that greatly improved feedback of political campaign messages, the users of these social media platforms are exposed to political campaign messages on social media and the general public are accepting of the use of social media for political campaign. The study then recommends that political campaign messages on social media platforms should be monitored so the rise of fake information on social media will be combated, the government should also utilize social media platforms very well as it is a form of communication that is here to stay

This essay, "Themes and Style in Julie Okoh's 'Our Wife Forever'," analyzes the dramatic presentation of post-colonial and patriarchal struggles faced by Nigerian women, specifically focusing on the entrenched issues of widowhood rites, inheritance, and domestic violence. The study employs Feminist Theory as its primary theoretical framework to critique the patriarchal structures, customs, and traditions (such as widow inheritance) that subjugate women, as exemplified by the antagonist Thomas's insistence on inheriting his late brother's wife, Victoria, and his proper
The research critically examines the central themes of sexism, gender struggle, oppression, and the conflict between atavistic tradition and modernity. The essay demonstrates how Okoh leverages various stylistic features—including suspense, irony, the symbolic use of character names (like Thomas and Hector), proverbs, and songs—to critique the inhumane treatment of women. The play is analyzed as a piece of reality laced with surrealism (use of dreams) that functions as a clarion call for the protection of women's rights and the eradication of gender-based violence, ultimately singing of the superior power of love and hope in overcoming patriarchal oppression.
The methodology involves a close reading of the play and a review of related literature on Nigerian literature and feminist scholarship to provide a comprehensive analysis of the novel's contribution to the discourse on women's empowerment and social justice in Nigerian society.

The Bini people occupies the south/mid-western part of Nigeria now called Edo State. Edo state is the heartbeat of Nigeria and the cultural hub and crossroads of the country. Here a tourist will experience the real excitement of contemporary life and profound sense of history. Edo is predominately homogenous(same kind) and inhabited by the Bini speaking group. Their behavioral pattern is the same as they tend to trace their ancestry to the Benin kingdom.
This study aims at highlighting with thorough description, the cultural practices in Bini tradition, their traditional Rites and their gender differentiation. These traditional rites includes; burial rites, marriage rites ,alongside the various festivals in Bini such as the Igue and New yam festival. In Bini kingdom, gender differentiation is a critical aspect of their day to day life. There are things only women can do and say, and men cannot do or say. Same goes with the men, there are things they are allowed to do and also not allowed to do. In Bini gender differentiation, some of the acts are accepted while some of them are termed "dehumanizing". The present study employed data obtained through personal interviews ( A face to face) discussion, and question and answer segment.

This research is to evaluate the perception of transit advertisement by Benin City residents using Lush Hair as a case study. The survey sample method was adopted for this study, using the stratified random sampling method to draw sample of 400 respondents through the administered questionnaire as an instrument for data collection. From the analysis of the data gathered, findings show that transit advertisement has influence Benin City residents and also influence Lush Hair patronage. Findings show that transit advertisement communicate with it target audience and go a long way in reaching targeted audience. Based on the finding, the paper concludes that although transit advertisement has a great influence on Benin City residents, transit advertisement has been of positive means to Lush Hair and it is an effective means of communicating with target audience. Finally, Lush Hair transit advert should make buses advertising more exciting and persuasive to be about to lure and inform target audience about the product, and also Lush Hair should carry out research frequently on how to make transit advert more effective and to relate with their target audience. Adherence to all these recommendations stated in this study will help Lush Hair transit advertisement to be effective.

This research explores applying the principles of management in managing a festival, using Isi festival as a case study. The aim of this research is to find out how management can be applied in a festival. This study was conducted in in Benin City, Edo state, Nigeria. The survey research design was employed using questions to elicit responses from the people of Isi community. Research analysis revealed that majority of the respondents in this study attested that management is important in every festival in order to ensure a smooth and successful festival. Since our indigenous festivals have been classified as Theatre, then a trained manager is required to manage it by employing the tool of careful observation, prompt action and clear communication in pursuit of a smooth festival production process. For Isi festival, the researcher functioned as a manager as she is
involved in every phase of preparation to the D-day performance. The festival manager begins working before the major players ever begins and continue even after the event kicks off. The functions, duties and role of a festival manager to employ strategies to manage this event cannot be downplayed nor over emphasize. It is highly recommended that the festival manager serve as an open line of communication between all players and active participants and crew. A tripartite methodology of literary, artistic and sociological was used to realize this research.

This work examines language change in the English language. It will provide an overview of the English language. This work will give a timeline of the English language with concentration on potential social factors that influenced changes in English. The objective of this research is to create a source document that contains a look into the diachronic and synchronic change of the English language. It is intended to examine the linguistic changes; that have occurred on the language. This work is intended to encourage acceptance of new forms in the English language as these changes are a constant in language growth. The framework used includes the lexical, morphological, phonological, syntactic and semantic analysis of the English language from its recorded beginning. The data for this work was collected via a study of already existing documentation and the researcher’s knowledge on the topic in question. On the basis of this researcher’s findings, it was observed that the various types of English language are used in different levels of communication and also in different mediums; of communication. It was also observed that even though certain types of English are the standard, some ‘non standard’ types are spoken as an L1 and are picking up traction towards standardisation.

A RESEARCH PROJECT PRESENTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF
HISTORY AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES, FACULTY OF ARTS, UNIVERSITY OF BENIN, BENIN CITY, EDO STATE IN PARTIAL
FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF
BACHELOR OF ARTS IN INTERNATIONAL STUDIES AND
DIPLOMACY.