The research was carried out to evaluate the spoilage microorganisms of tomatoes sold in Benin City. Standard bacteriological methods were used to enumerate the total bacterial and fungal count of the tomatoes using pour plate methods after serial dilution. The bacterial isolates were characterized and identified using morphological and biochemical methods and sugar fermentation test. The percentage distribution and frequency of the isolates were evaluated using statistical method. The result obtained in this study showed that the highest bacterial, coliform and fungal population was obtained in Adolor sample with values of 6.07554±1.00, 5.09691±0.5 and 4.767155±0.5 log10 cfu/g respectively while the least bacterial, coliform and fungal count was obtained from Uselu and Ekosodin samples with values of 5.35218±2.00, 3.69897±1.00 and 4.32221±1.00 log10 cfu/g respectively. Using the cultural and morphological characteristics, the fungal isolates obtained in this study were Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma sp, Penicillium sp and Rhizopus arrhizus while the bacterial isolates obtained were Escherichia coli, Bacillus sp, Salmonella sp, Shigella sp, Klebsiella sp and Staphylococcus sp. From the result, isolates were resistance to many of the antibiotics including, collistin, Erytromycin, metronidazole and clindamycin but were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, augmentin and gentamycin. The result in this study has shed light into the gaining of entrance of food borne pathogens as well as some spoilage microorganisms (mostly fungi) during selling, harvesting and cultivation which may result in food poisoning.

The oil and gas industry in the Niger Delta faces a significant challenge with heterogeneous datasets fragmented across multiple platforms and stored in diverse file formats, a situation that impedes efficient research and operational optimization. To address this problem, this study develops a Unified Field Model (UFM) designed to aggregate, harmonize, and standardize these varied petroleum engineering datasets, including well logs, seismic data, and production logs, using scalable cloud storage and data processing pipelines. The core of the research involves creating a durable and adaptable data structure capable of handling both structured and unstructured data while preserving relational attributes. This process is supported by rigorous data quality assurance techniques, such as feature engineering, anomaly detection, and petroleum engineering domain-specific imputation strategies. This UFM then serves as the foundation for a web-based data brokerage platform, known as Petroleum Engineering Research Datasets (PERD), which enables researchers and industry operators in the Niger Delta to efficiently access high-quality petroleum datasets. This study provides a foundational improvement for the sector, enhancing operational efficiency, improving data interoperability, and allowing for the better use of computational tools to tackle complex Petroleum engineering challenges, thereby improving study reproducibility and performance in the region.

The 2023 Nigerian presidential election witnessed a distressing escalation in voter suppression and a stark decline in political participation, reflecting a systemic failure to address underlying issues despite legislative reforms and technological innovations aimed at ensuring free and fair elections. This project, titled "Voter Suppression and Political Participation: A Case Study of the 2023 Presidential Election," seeks to delve into the intricate dynamics surrounding these phenomena. Utilizing a qualitative approach, the research will employ questionnaires and focus group interviews to impartially analyze the
causal and contributory factors behind voter suppression and low political engagement within the Nigerian electoral system. Despite the implementation of ground breaking provisions in the Electoral Act 2022, the 2023 election emerged as one of the least participated and most marred by irregularities in recent memory. Instances of voter
suppression, ranging from intimidation to manipulation of electoral boundaries, were rampant across various states, casting doubt on the efficacy of previous efforts to foster political participation. Moreover, reports of electoral violence and underage voting further underscored the erosion of public confidence in the electoral process. Against this
backdrop, this research set out to examine the intricate relationship between votersuppression and political participation via a literature review and qualitative survey analysis. The study found that there were significant levels of voter suppression in the 2023 presidential elections and this impacted on citizen’s political engagement.

This study investigates the semantic implicatures of Edo personal names containing the element “Oba” (king), examining how these names reflect and preserve the cultural identity and worldview of the Edo people. Guided by the Socio-Cultural Linguistics Approach (SCLA) proposed by Bucholtz and Hall (2005), the research explores the intricate relationship between language, culture, and identity within the Edo naming system. A qualitative research method was employed, drawing on both primary and secondary sources. Primary data were collected through focus group discussions and interviews with community members, elders, and cultural leaders, while secondary data were obtained from existing literature and linguistic studies. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis, focusing on identifying recurring meanings and cultural patterns associated with Oba-related names.The findings revealed four key semantic themes embedded in Edo names containing Oba: Sovereignty, Wealth, Adulation, and Protection. These themes reflect the Edo people’s deep cultural reverence for kingship, expressing authority, prosperity, loyalty, and divine safeguarding. The study concludes that personal names in Edo society go beyond identification; they serve as linguistic and cultural expressions that embody social values, beliefs, and collective memory. By applying the SCLA framework, the study highlights that Edo naming practices are a form of social action that reinforces identity, heritage, and community unity. Ultimately, Edo personal names containing Oba function as cultural vessels through which history, reverence, and social values are transmitted across generations.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone widely recognized for its role in enhancing insulin secretion and improving glycemic control. Beyond its antidiabetic effects, emerging evidence suggests that GLP-1 may influence renal physiology, hematological and glucose levels. This study investigates the subacute toxicity effects of MaxGLP-1 a novel analogue of GLP-1 administration on the kidney, hematological and blood glucose levels in experimental models over a 28 day period. A total of 20 rats were divided into four groups and were fed and given water daily. Group 1 was the control and was exposed to standard feeding and water only, Group 2 was administered 10mg/kg of MaxGLP-1, Group 3 was administered 60mg/kg MaxGLP-1 drug while Group 3 was administered 600mg/kg doses of MaxGLP-1. At the end of the study, animals were sacrificed, the kidneys were harvested and taken to the laboratory to be examined, blood samples were also collected and centrifuged to obtain the serum and were subjected to biochemical assays. Findings showed dose-related changes in serum creatinine and urea, indicating possible renal stress. Haematological analysis revealed mild but notable shifts in erythrocyte and leukocyte indices, while glucose levels decreased significantly across treatment groups. Overall, Max GLP- 1 exhibited hypoglycaemic effects with minimal haematological disturbances, though higher doses suggested early signs of renal compromise. These results highlight the need for cautious dose optimization and further investigation into long-term safety

Cadmium (Cd) a toxic non-essential transition metal that poses a health risk for both humans and animals. With many reviews recommending the use of plant extracts in abating heavy metal toxicity due to its rich medicinal properties. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Cocos nucifera L. water in abating cadmium-induced toxicity in male wistar rats. Twenty (20) sexually matured male wistar rats were randomly distributed into four groups (n=5). Group A received with 2ml of cadmium chloride, Group B received 2ml of cadmium chloride and 4ml of Cocos nucifera L. water, Group C received 2ml of cadmium chloride and 6ml of Cocos nucifera L. water and Group D received Cocos nucifera L. water for 7 days. Thereafter, rats were sacrificed to obtain the blood and the testis were used for testosterone and histopathological analysis. Result showed that the cadmium chloride significantly decreases (p<0.05) body weight and testosterone level in group A however, the coadministration of Cocos nucifera L. water with cadmium chloride significantly increases (p>0.05) testosterone level both in Group B and C. Histopathological analysis showed that cadmium chloride caused mild intestinal edema in both in Group A when compared with Group D but no significant changes occurred when compared with cotreated groups (Group B and C). From this investigation, Cocos nucifera water showed abating potential in cadmium toxicity due to its polyphenol content and antioxidant properties, however, more studies in recommended

This aim of this study is to assess the knowledge and practices of safe handling and administration of chemotherapeutic drugs amongst tertiary health facility, Benin City. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional research design and simple random sampling method was used to select Two hundred and seventy-eight nurses in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City. A well-structured questionnaire was used as instruments of data collection. The data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Simple frequency and percentage were used to describe the data, while chi-square was used to test
the hypotheses. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. The analysis was performed using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 28.0 for windows. The result shows that majority of the respondents have fair level of knowledge of chemotherapeutic drugs and low level of practice of safe handling of chemotherapeutic drugs and that none of the sociodemographic characteristics was associated with level of knowledge of chemotherapeutic drugs. The study therefore recommends that there is the need for Institutions to implement and enforce standardized procedures for administering chemotherapy, ensuring the use of appropriate PPE and adherence to safety protocols.

The major hindrance causing underdevelopment in African countries, including Nigeria is corruption, and the role of the media in combating the menace is crucial. Therefore, this study examined, not only the manner in which the media stance shapes public knowledge and perception of graft, but how the problem of graft and anti-graft campaign within the Nigerian context is presented by the media writer. Data in the research work comprised headline news, top stories, news and opinion articles, which represent online version of the newspapers and news report journals. The publications represented the media presentation of graft and anti-graft campaign in Nigeria within the period of 2015 and 2022 the research covered. The publications which were retrieved through the Internet, provided accurate and unbiased information about corruption through grammatical expressions of their contents. They were collected and transcribed by using data analytic software – AntCon. Here, only the selected news relating to graft and anti-graft campaign were generated and translated into text for analysis, in terms of their relationship with the context. The three analytical procedures of description, interpretation and explanation of the data characteristic of language study were employed. And a blend of Peter R.R. White and Ken Hyland’s Stance and Appraisal
Theories was applied to explore the selected data

In this research study, the preparation of Calcium oxide (CaO) nanoparticles (NPs) from Trichosanthes cucumerina seeds was reported to be synthesized by precipitation method using CaCl2 and NaOH as starting materials.The gradual change of the particles from pale yellow to a white precipitate indicated the formation of CaO nanoparticles The synthesized nanoparticle was subjected to characterization using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS).The Phytochemical analysis of the CaO nanoparticles revealed that the aqueous extract was rich in phytochemicals as majority of the phytochemicals tested were positive which resulted in the rational support for the traditional use of T. cucumerina to cure wounds. T. cucumerina has antibacterial components that are effective against wound pathogens such as S. aureus, E. coli, B. cereus, K. pneumoniae, P. aeroginosa. The extracts displayed antibacterial activity against both gram (+) and gram (-) bacterial stain such as indicating the existence of a broad spectrum of antibacterial properties

Traditional rulers hold the key to the success or failure in security administration in Nigeria because they operate at the grassroots of the society and interact closely with people in their daily activities consequent upon which they are highly respected. This study examined the role of traditional rulers in maintaining peace and harmony in Nigeria. Simple random sampling with proportionate representation was used to determine sample size of 100 respondents from the population. Structured questionnaire was used for data collection and this was supplemented with interview of key informants. Data collected was analysed and represented clearly and vividly using frequency tables and percentages. Results showed the roles of traditional rulers in Nigeria which include; to chair meetings of council of elders of the community, give advice to local government officials for development of their locality, make sure law and order prevail in the community, etc. It was recommended that Traditional institutions should be strengthened and used as a means of conflict management and peace- building in the region