2023

This study determined and compared the values of exchangeable cations Mg 2+, Ca2+, Na+, K+, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of clay soil samples in Nigeria, using different pH media (4,5,7,8). Two different clay soil were analysed. Ammonium acetate displacement method was used for the analysis. The chemical analysis were performed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS), to determine the Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ content; Flame photometer to determine Na +, K+ , content and Colorimeter; used to determine
ammonium nitrogen content. The result showed that Sample 1, Exchangeable cations (E.C) for Mg
2+ had its highest at pH 7(0.198±0.03) and its lowest value at pH 4(0.142±0.04), Ca 2+ had its highest at pH 7(2.692±0.08) and its lowest value at pH 5 (1.188±0.16), Na + had its highest value at pH 8 (1.884±0.05) and its lowest value at pH 5 (0.409±0.03), and K+ had its highest value at pH 7 (0.926±0.09) and its lowest value at pH 8 (0.415±0.03) The result showed that Sample 2, Exchangeable cations (E.C) for Mg 2+ , had its highest at pH 5(0.047±0.002) and its lowest value at pH 8(0.032±0.003), Ca 2+had its highest at pH 8(1.339±0.08) and its lowest value at pH 4 (0.349±0.06), Na + had its highest value at pH 8 (2.185±0.04) and its lowest value at pH 4 (1.598±0.08), and K+ had its highest value at pH 8 (0.693±0.06) and its lowest value at pH 5 (0.415±0.07). Generally there was a decrease in CEC as the pH increased in the acidic media from pH 4 to 5 and an increase in the CEC as the pH approached neutral, and also a decrease when the pH was increased to 8 (basic medium). From the results obtained, it is evident that pH is an important soil property, because when the clay sample was treated at different pH, the values of the cations as well as their exchange capacity was greatly was affected i.e they had different pH values when subjected to different pH medium.

The objective of the study is the effects of digital economy on tax collection. In generating data, the primary source of data was employed through the administration of questionnaires. We found out that enforcing tax compliance affects digital economy, Cross border transactions affects digital economy and size and growth of the digital economy, including e-commerce, digital services, and online advertising affects the collection of taxes.
The study makes the following recommendations that government should strengthen to foster collaboration with other tax jurisdictions in database management. Government should reconsider the option of taxing digital economic activities on revenue base tax instead of profit base tax to avoid tax evasion strategies. In addition, sustaining and encouraging the use of digital platforms through the creation of an enabling environment among the industry players could also be imperative.

It is near impossible, for any country to witness significant growth in its economy without a well-developed and dynamic industrial sector. The mainstay on industrial development aspects of government spending in modern structures of economic development derives from the fact that industrial sector is the vehicle or channel for sustained growth in the long run due to the fact that industrial sector brings about a structural transformation of the economy. The overall objective of this study is to examine the role of the industrial sector in the development of the Nigerian economy. The variables considered are the ratio of private sector credit to GDP, a proxy for financial growth, as the dependent variable while real GDP per capita, a proxy for
GDP, industrial output, a proxy for industrial growth and investment as the independent variables for the study. Augmented Dickey-fuller (ADF) test was used for the unit root test and the variables were found to be stationary at second difference. Then Johansen (1988) technique was used to establish if the stationary variables are co-integrated. Further, ECMis employed to correct any form of disequilibrium in the short run. The result of stationarity and normality test reveals that the model is fairly well specified and could be used for policy analysis. The analysis was based on data extracted from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin and World Development
Indicators (WDI). The result of the analysis shows that all the variables were statistically significant at 5%. The results reveal that there is, overall, a positive relationship between financial growth and industrial growth. The study therefore suggest that the government should adopt policies capable of stimulating industrial activities which will ensure sustainable financial growth.

Aspartame (ASP) is an artificial sweetener used in food products as an alternative to sugar. Concerns relating to the possible adverse health effects of its consumption have been raised due to aspartame’s metabolic components which are formed during its breakdown. Some research studies have associated aspartame consumption with health disorders such as cancers, neurochemical changes, hepatotoxicity etc, since the liver helps in the metabolism and detoxification of harmful substances and drugs, it acts as a filter to clean the blood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aspartame on liver function parameters in male Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were thirty-one (31) and were divided into five (5) groups: control, groups B-E. Group A (control) received 0.5ml of plain distilled water via gastric gavage. Group B, Group C, Group D, and Group E received (40, 80, 160, 320) mg/kg respectively for a duration of 75days. Results from this study showed a dose-dependent increase in serum Alkaline Transaminase (ALT) concentration between the control and the groups administered aspartame, but the liver ALT showed no significant difference. However, there was no significant difference between the means of the serum Aspartate Transaminase (AST) of the control group and groups administered aspartame. Also the result shows a dose dependent decrease in serum Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), and a non significant difference in the means of liver ALP. Result from the present study showed significant difference in serum Gammaglutamyl Transferase (GGT) only when the control group was compared with the group administered 40mg/kg. However, the serum protein, heart protein and liver protein results between all groups in this study, showed no significant difference, but however a significant decrease was observed in the kidney proteins of the rats administered aspartame, especially in the group that received 160mg/kg. The level of testis protein increased in the groups that received 80mg/kg and 160mg/kg when compared to control. However, the amount of serum globulin in the aspartame-administered groups was not different from that of the control group. Aspartame may act as a chemical stressor by altering organ function homeostasis and increasing protein oxidative damage. This might play a significant role in promoting apoptotic cell death leading to damage of the organs and subsequently death.

This study examined the relationship between students’ use of cognitive strategies and writing performance in Benin metropolis. It also examined the influence of sex, school type and subject grouping on senior secondary school 11 (SS11) students' performance in essay writing. The descriptive survey design adapting a correlational design was adopted for the study. A sample of seventy two (72) students, both boys and girls, randomly drawn from a population of nine thousand, eight hundred and sixteen (9,816) took part in the study. Two instruments, "The Strategy Students Use in Writing Questionnaire" (TSSUWQ) and“ Writing Performance Test" (WPT) were used for data collection. The TSSUWQis made up of two sections, 'A' and 'B'. Section 'A' elicited participants' demographic data such as sex, school type and subject group. Section 'B' contains twenty(20) items on different
cognitive writing strategies that students use. The WPT was used to test students' performance in essay writing. The reliability of the questionnaire was determine dusing Cronbach's Alpha and reliability coefficient of 0.72 was obtained. The WPT was assessed using Intra-class correlation coefficient and a correlation coefficient of 0.975wasobtained. All four hypotheses were set at .0.05 level of significance. Data collected were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that (1) Senior secondary school students' use of cognitive writing strategies was high. (2) Their use did not have any significant correlation with their writing performance. (3) There was also no significant difference in students’ use of writing strategies based on sex, school type and subject grouping. (4) It was therefore concluded that students’ cognitive writing strategy use does not influence their essay writing performance. (5) The study recommended among others that language teacher should pay more attention to students’ use of strategies in their essay writing tasks.

Learning Style is the preferred method of study, gathering and interpretation of information adopted by a student. Basically, there are three main types of learning styles and were examined in this study. They are; the visual learning style, audio learning style and the interactive learning style. This research investigated the use of these learning styles among physics students in secondary schools in Benin metropolis and the various factors that affect students’ use of the learning styles. The study adopted Descriptive Survey Design in which the questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. After separating the population into strata of public and private schools, the study first adopted stratified random sampling technique to select Physics students from senior secondary schools in Benin metropolis, since the population was finite and heterogeneous. Simple random sampling technique was employed to select 150 Physics students. 50 students were selected from senior secondary school two and 100 students were selected from senior secondary school three. the schools selected for comprised of a mixed school, all boys school and all girls school. Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions were made; the learning styles among the students were the audio learning style, visual learning style and the interactive learning style, the choice of learning style by the students differed by level as SS2 preferred the interactive learning style while the SS 3 students embraced the visual learning style. Factors that affected the students’ learning styles were teaching method, individual differences, teacher’s personality, peer influence and family background. The following recommendations were made at the end of the study; the teacher should discover and encourage the individual learning style of the students, students should be guided by the teacher on the choice of suitable learning style based on the individual’s differences and learning ability, education planners should be more sensitive to the different students’ learning styles during the design and planning of learning curriculum, and lastly, parents should help the teachers in playing a supportive role towards encouraging the best learning style for their children.

This project begins by highlighting human rights as a special category of human existence/protection. A historical overview then outlines conceptual roots in early Igbo traditional society. This project answer the question “question where there human rights in Africa traditional society? A study of the Igbo of Nigeria” This project will tell you the overview story of how human right where protected during the traditional time using the Igbo people of Nigeria as a study in this topic.

This study investigated the effect of quality control practices on organizational performance in the manufacturing industry. Data were primarily sourced through the administration of two hundred (200) questionnaire out of which same number (200) were found usable for the empirical analysis. The descriptive (frequency, mean and percentage) and inferential statistics(regression) were adopted for the study’s analysis. It was revealed that: there is a significant relationship between quality standards and organizational performance; resources significantly affect the organizational performance; communication processes related to quality control do not significantly influence organizational performance; continuous improvement in quality control practices does not significantly influence organizational
performance; and regulatory compliance does not significantly impact organizational performance. Based on these findings, it was recommended that: manufacturing firms should prioritize the establishment and maintenance of stringent quality standards; organizations should allocate sufficient resources, including financial, human, and technological resources, to support the effective implementation of quality control practices; it is crucial to emphasize the importance of clear and effective communication within manufacturing firms; it is essential for manufacturing firms to cultivate a culture of continuous improvement; and it remains crucial for firms to adhere to relevant regulations and standards as non-compliance can result in legal and reputational risks

All over Nigeria as well as to the overseas the fuel oils as well as crude oils are transported through distribution pipes, tankers cargo ships. Although the processes are well laid out to avoid leakages of pipes, accidents of service tankers these events still happens on a regular bases especially in the niger delta region of the country where pipe vandalism due to oil bunkery is on the rise. All these processes leads to the leakages of fuel oils e.g kerosene which eventually settles on coastal waters. The leaked oil products would result in contaminating the water which are used in the concrete mortar and the sandcrete industry which are the cement dependent industry. In this study, the effect of water contaminated with kerosene on the compressive strength of conventional normal ordinary Portland cement has been evaluated in various exposure conditions. Kerosene (0, 2, 4 and 6%) by weight of water) was used to contaminate water to prepare cement mortar cubes specimens. A number of nine uncontaminated samples were prepared with fresh water. A number of nine samples each were prepared with contaminated water at 2%, 4%, 6% Kerosene replacement. Three samples each of percentage replacement and three uncontaminated samples were crushed at the age of three days, seven days and 28 days of curing. From the results gotten the maximum reduction in the compressive strength of 9.21% occurred at the six percentage contamination at the age of seven days. From results obtained it was seen that as the percentage of contamination increase the compressive strength decreased.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) initiate an innate immune response system(Chang, 2010). TLR2 genetic differentiation between populations could result from neutral processes or natural selection. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic distance of toll-like receptor 2 gene in breeds of rabbits. A total number of 40adult rabbits (5months and above) were raised at the University of Benin teaching and research farm. Four (4) breeds of rabbits were selected for this experiment (Chinchilla, New Zealand, Hyla and Dutch breeds). About 2ml of blood was collected from the ear vein of the Rabbit separately and placed in a plain bottle containing 6ml of RNA shield. Blood samples were temporarily stored in a refrigerator before DNA extraction and analysis. Genomic DNA was isolated from each blood sample using the Zymo quick-g DNATM. Miniprep kit. Following the manufacturer’s instructions. The results showed that there was no genetic diversity between Hyla male (F1) x Chinchilla Male (Parent) as well asHyla male (F1 generation) x Hyla male (F1). Furthermore, the degree to which Chinchilla Male (F1generation) x Chinchilla Male (F2generation), Chinchilla Male(Parent) x Chinchilla Male (F1generation) and Hyla Female (Parent) x Chinchilla Male (F1generation) differ was constant and the same, while the lowest degree of diversity in genetic Tol-like receptors was obtained from Chinchilla, Male (Parent)x Chinchilla, Male (Parent).