2021

The study investigates the effect of deconstructing federalism and how federal is the federal republic of Nigeria. The population for the study comprised of all academic and non-academic staff of the University of Benin, Benin City, Edo state. From the population, 135 respondents were sampled using random sampling technique. The samples were further stratified on the basis of gender, educational status, years in service, age distribution. Data were collected using a researcher designed questionaire titled deconstructing federalism and how federal is the federal republic of Nigeria (DFHFFRN). Data collected were analyzed using percentages and frequency count. Based on the findings, it was observed that Federation determines the distribution of nature, manner and resources, True federalism remains theoretical and practical exclusive, the three (3) tiers of government in Nigeria do not enjoy fair play. Based on these findings, it was recommended that there should be design and
working out of development plans at the federal, states and local levels of governance to guide the authorities in planning and execution of development programmes. It was also recommended that Corruption, ethnicity, religious bigotry and all other particularistic feelings and tendencies should be properly checked through functional laws and stiff penaltiesto minimize ethno-religious and sectional identities among Nigerians.

The derivation and solution of the celebrated Black-Scholes OptionPricing Formula is set out in rather more detail than has appeared in the literature so far. One problem with the Black-Scholes analysis is that the mathematical skills required in the derivation and particularly in the solution of the model are fairly advanced and probably unfamiliar to most economists. In this project, we will derive the Black-Scholes pricing model of a European option by calculating the expected value of the option. We will assume that the stock price is log-normally distributed and that the universe is risk neutral. Then, using Ito’s Lemma, we will justif5’ the use of the risk-neutral rate in these initial calculations. Finally, we will prove put-call parity in order to price European put options, and apply the concepts of the Black-Scholes formula to value an option with pricing equity

Contemporary reproductive technology has in recent times made extraordinary advances in responding to the desire of women and men to have children. The success of these advancements in developed countries and lately Nigeria has made it possible for couples who would otherwise have been unable to conceive and bear children to avail themselves of these techniques that are today commonly known as “Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART). This essay examines the meaning, the concept and the historical development of Assisted Reproductive Technology. It goes further to explain in details the various types of assisted reproductive technology. This research also examines the legal issues such as legitimacy, successions, the status of a child, citizenship of a child which would arise as a result of assisted reproductive technology. The succession and inheritance rights of the children of assisted reproduction in Nigeria are not exactly as clear and settled as those of the adopted child even though such children can ordinarily trace their genetic ties to their genetic parents. This thesis examines the position of the law with respect to assisted reproduction in other jurisdiction and also the need for laws to be made in Nigeria to protect the rights of children born through assisted reproduction

The focus of this study was on advertising messages on mobile phones by surveying users’ response and attitude in Lagos. Thus, a 10-tem questionnaire was distributed to 500 mobile phone users’ systematically selected from 10 Local Government Areas. The 10 L.G.As were selected randomly by balloting from the 20 L.G.As in Lagos State. The study was anchored on the tenets of attitude change and technology acceptance model (TAM) theories. Data collected and collated were analyzed and presented, using Pearson correlation co-efficient formula, simple percentages, frequency Tables and mean scores for testing of the hypothesis and answering the research questions. Findings revealed that users level of response to advertising messages on their mobile phones is very low. However, a few types of advertising messages that had high level of response from mobile phone users, like advertising messages or Internet data plan subscription, callers tuned messages, etc , were indicated. It was also found that users respond to
advertising messages as well as deleting them after reading them. Also found was that users had a negative attitude towards advertising messages seat to their mobile phones which include SMS, calls, caller tune advertising messages, hit musical, Internet data plan subscription etc. The factors responsible for the low level response and negative attitude towards advertising messages among users according to this study, were the frequency of receiving advertising messages, irrelevant advertising, etc. With no significant relationship found between users’ level of response as well a their attitude; and advertising messages on mobile phones, the study concluded that users do not respond to advertising messages in line with the expectations of the senders. Therefore, the study recommended that permission based advertising must be employed in Nigeria to boost and enhance mobile phone users and service providers relationships in the areas of sending and receiving of advertising messages, among other things.

The study was undertaken to assess the challenges facing internally displaced women in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State. Four research questions were raised to guide the study. The descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. The population and sample size of the study was made up of 112 internally displaced women
camped in Uhogua Centre for Missions IDP camp in Ovia North East Local Government Area, Edo State. The instrument for the study was a questionnaire. Simple percentage method of data analysis used in analyzing the data gotten from the respondents. The findings in the study revealed that Internally displaced women face challenges such as quality of labour force is reduced, internally displacement has multiple effects on the health of the population such as outbreak of communicable diseases, strategies such as raising national awareness, creating a legal framework for upholding the rights of internally displacement, preventing all causes of displacement, ensuring active participation of internally displaced and implementing and reviewing national policy on internal displacement, Agencies like NEMA, International organizations, communities and government have all been effective on the strategies in addressing internal displacement in the society, agencies in charge of internal displacement are faced with corruption, lack of
appropriate legal and policy framework on addressing the affairs of internally displaced women.

The Inflow Performance Relationship (IPR) describes the behavior of a well’s pressure and quantifies its production rate. In the petroleum industry, various IPR correlations exist today, with the most commonly used models being those of Vogel and Fetkovich.In this work, a new model was developed to predict the IPR curve using a new correlation that accurately describes the behavior of a well’s flow rate as a function of the average reservoir pressure. This new correlation was obtained using actual field cases.After the development of the new model, its validity was tested by comparing its accuracy with that of the most common IPR models, such as Vogel, Fetkovich, and Wiggins. The results of this comparison showed that the newly developed model gave the best accuracy, with an absolute error of 5.54%. The other models were ranked according to their accuracy as follows: Fetkovich, Vogel, and Wiggins, with absolute errors of 6.73%, 23.18%, and 32.3%, respectively.

The role of industry in the socioeconomic development of a nation remains a subject of interest in modern societies. It is expected that industrial activities and operation will lead to improved socioeconomic development in their areas such industries are situated. It was on this premise that this study investigated the role of industry on national development using a case study of PRESCO PLC in Obaretin Community in Edo state, Nigeria. A total of 291 participants selected at random were sampled for this study. Useful data were elicited from these participants using a well-structured questionnaire. A simple descriptive analytical approach was utilised to address the research questions of interest. The results of the study indicated that more of the participants (77.4%) agreed that the siting of PRESCO contributed in alleviating poverty in the host community. Further findings revealed that PRESCO’s corporate social responsibility impacted, at least to a high extent, on the host community. The studyhowever, found that majority of the participants (82.6%) at least agreed that siting of PRESCO brought about high development to the host community. Although, it was found that 92.5 percent of the responses were of the view that PRESCO had provided employment to host community to at least a high extent. It was recommended amongst others, that the company should scale up her provision of basic facilities, endeavour to continuously initiate programmes that will support and promote small scale businesses in the area, and improve social and economic development of host community.

The study examined the challenges and prospects of rural industrialization in Edo State with focus on Orhionmwon Local Government Area. In order to realize its stated objectives, the study formulated and answered the following research questions: What is the level of industrialisation in Orhionmwon Local Government Area of Edo State? What are the major challenges militating against rural industrialization in Edo State? To what extent has the state government gone in formulating and implementing rural industrialization policies in Edo State? And what can be done to actualize rural industrialization in Edo State? The study employed the survey research method and adopted the use of questionnaire as its main primary instrument of data collection. A sample of one hundred and eighty-five (185) respondents participated fully in the study. The findings in the research are as follows: The level of industrialization in Orhionmwon Local Government Area of Edo State is still very low due to the issues of lack of factories for processing farm produce in the area; lack of modern farming equipment in the area; lack of regular electricity supply and inadequate/inaccessible roads. The major challenges militating against rural industrialization in Edo State, particularly in Orhionmwon Local Government Area
are: the presence of government is not being felt in communities across the Local Government Area due to the lack of basic and infrastructural facilities; and the non-provision of soft loans and other credit facilities for self-entrepreneurial activities in the area. The State Government in its efforts at formulating and implementing rural industrialization policies in the state have not put in place, the necessary machineries. To begin with, the officials of Orhionmwon Local Government Council do not reside within the area and do not really feel the impact of the environment; the government has not made efforts at boosting agricultural production in Orhionmwon through supply of modern farming equipment, improved seedlings and fertilizers to indigenes; and basic infrastructures are not available in the Local Government Area. And, the required steps at industrializing rural areas in Edo State include: the need to improve living condition in local government area by providing the needed infrastructures; the need to locate factories for producing and processing farm produce in the area; and the provision of financial and credit facilities by the government, since capital is a major determinant in business or ntrepreneurial development. Based on the findings, the following policy recommendations were made: Government needs to de-emphasize total focus on the oil sector and to enhance agricultural development through addressing the needs of rural farmers with functional incentives. The political representatives and leaders need to identify with the development needs of the rural areas of their constituencies. Indeed, they need to articulate such needs and ensure that they become integral parts of the government’s development agenda and that policies or programs initiated to address them are monitored to ensure proper implementation. There is equally the need not only to adequately make budgetary allocation for rural development but, very importantly, in ensuring that such allocated funds are judiciously used to execute rural development projects and programs. There is also the need for monitoring and integrating of the various national, state and local government policies and programmes on rural development and the co-ordination of the activities of all the rural development institutions. And the local
governments in Nigeria need to eschew corruption particularly at the leadership level and emphasize accountability, due process, prudence and diligence.

This research work evaluated the geospatial data need for the design of a good road profile using Global navigation satellite system as a tool that will serve the purpose of safety, capacity and aesthetics considerations Before getting the geospatial for the geometric design of the study area, thorough survey of the site was carried out using the dumping level to obtain the coordinate of the point along the study area, The GNSS was used to obtain the geospatial data of the study area, The design consideration includes: the composition of the traffic, the speed and the management of accessible road. Based on the use, the offset from both sides of the road is determined from the centerline point where the road will be placed. A road offset of 2.85 meters results from the carriageway width of 6.5 meters for the Police station road. A 1.75m-wide shoulder was made available to use as a parking lane, walkway, and covered drain. Ample care was made in the plot to prevent any road segments from crossing in the university of Aerial photography or remote sensing data obtained from space satellites that depict a graphical perspective of the land region are other significant design aids employed for this project. Geospatial data are designed to uniquely specify the positions of features on the earth's surface Geospatial data must be acquired in order to plan, construction, and manage the mad infrastructure, which is vital to humans use. These data come from a variety of sources, BNH including aerial photos, topographic maps, satellite images, and hand-drawn maps. For the collection, processing, and display of geographic data, optimal techniques are applied, which result in significant time and financial savings.

The co-infection of malaria parasites and helminths is common in the tropics. Their pathogenicity lies in the infectivity of parasites and their modulation of the host immune system. This study aimed to generate epidemiological data of malaria and helminths in apparently healthy humans in a rural population in Bayelsa State; determine the serum concentration of Interleukin-4, Interferon-gamma -IFN-γ, Macrophage Inflammatory protein-MIP-β/CCL-4 and Eotaxin-3 /CCL 26 in healthy volunteers infected with malaria and helminths and their values after treatment. Two sets of data; malaria and helminths were generated from school and community based study, carried out between May 2016 and July 2018 in four rural communities- Otuegela, Immiringi, Otuesega and Ibelebiri in which there was ongoing mass deworming and anti-malaria administration. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethical Committee, College of Medicine, University of Benin, Nigeria (CMS/REC/2017/016). From every participant, blood and stool samples were collected; from 1441 volunteers, age-range 4 – 80 years. Diagnosis of helminths, malaria parasites were by standard procedures. The body mass index (BMI) of children was determined. Measurement of haemoglobin concentration and blood cells was automated (ABX Micros 60). Infected volunteers were treated specifically and after 18 days the second round of blood and stool samples were collected from treated participants only and analyzed. Immune molecules were measured by ELISA (PeproTech, USA) protocols. Data were analysed with the "R" Programme (version 2016) and a P-value of < 0.001 was considered significant.  The prevalence of helminths was: community-based, 26.0% and school children, 30.3%. Helminths identified in communities were Schistosoma intercalatum (10.4%), Schistosoma mansoni (4.2%), and a variant of Schistosoma intercalatum (0.2%); Ascaris lumbricodes (6.5%),), Trichuris trichiura (2.5%), hookworm (2.0%) and Taenia spp (0.2%). In school-based, Ascaris lumbricoides had 10.5%, Schistosoma mansoni 8.0 %, Schistosoma intercalatum 5.0% and Strongyloides 1.0% ; Trichuris trichiuria 1.8%, hookworm 1.6%, Taenia species 1.3%. In co-infection, 18.0% prevalence was obtained in the community and 10.5% in schools. The prevalence of malaria parasites in community study was 2742.0%. In a School-based study, the prevalence of malaria disease was 53.0% and 32.1% for first and second school-based study, respectively. Using Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Plasmodium falciparum was identified at 205 bp and Plasmodium ovale at 787 bp. The mean values, before and after treatment for Eotaxin (5718pg/ml/ 5725pg/ml) and MIP-β (344.1pg/ml/642.6pg/ml) were close and had numerous outlines. The concentration of IFN-γ and IL-4 were higher in all categories of infection than after treatment but with no significant difference. IFN-γ had the highest mean expression (135.6pg/ml) in the coinfection group and least (59.8pg/ml) in the population infected by intestinal helminths only. The value for Plasmodium falciparum was 84.0pg/ml. Similarly, the expression of IL-4 was highest (68.8pg/ml) in co-infection and lowest (40.3 pg/ml) in helminths infected group. The value of IL-4 for those infected by Plasmodium falciparum only was 61.0pg/ml. There In all study groups, IFN-γ and IL-4 were positively correlated before and after treatment; which was significant (r = 0.60) in those infected by P. falciparum only. After treatment, the correlation between IFN-γ and IL-4 was significant in those who were treated for malaria infection (r = 0.7) and those who were treated for co-infection of P. falciparum and helminths (r = 0.6). There was a decrease in values of platelets, White Blood Cells and granulocytes during infection but platelet count was reduced after anthelminthic treatment and increased after anti-malaria administration. The ova of 7 species of helminths were diagnosed in this study. Treatment lowered the concentration of IFN-γ and IL-4 immune molecules in serum, which is of clinical relevance. This study proves that sub-clinical infection brought about a low concentration of IL-4/IFN-γ, altering their counter-inflammatory properties. They rather depended on each other positively. The clinical consequence of IL-4 suppression is the disability in class switch: antibody production is suppressed, resulting in susceptibility to infectious diseases. The presence of P.ovale in co-infection with P. falciparum is significant for the epidemiology and control of malaria disease in the Niger Delta.