WOMEN

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disorder characterized by joint
pain, stiffness, and limited mobility (Zhang et al., 2020). Knee osteoarthritis (OA)
is a degenerative joint disease of the knee characterized by progressive loss of
articular cartilage, leading to pain, stiffness, and functional limitations (Felson et
al., 2000). It is one of the most common chronic conditions, affecting an
estimated 13.5% of adults aged 60 and over (Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention [CDC], 2021). Knee OA is the most common type of OA, accounting for
significant disability and healthcare costs (Cross et al., 2014). Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated risk
factors of knee OA in postmenopausal women. Methods:This study employed a retrospective study design, examining existing
data from case notes and medical records.This study was conducted using all case
notes and medical records of postmenopausal women, with knee osteoarthritis
who received physiotherapy treatment at UBTH between 2019 and 2024.Data
extraction forms were used to collect information on demographics, menopausal
status, knee osteoarthritis diagnosis, risk factors, pain intensity and comorbidities. Data was extracted by the researcher and verified for accuracy and completeness. Descriptive statistics of Chi square was used to summarise the data, Alpha level
was 0.05
Results:Over 1000 case notes dating back to 5 years prior were reviewed by the
researcher. A total of 503 case notes of postmenopausal women were identified, among which 183 cases of knee OA were identified. 36.4% of the postmenopausal
women recorded in study had knee OA. 131 (26.0) had bilateral knee OA, 122
(24.3%) had crepitus. 80 (15.9%) had onset of knee OA for duration of 1 – 5 years
before being assessed. Among those with knee OA, the mean pain rating ranged
between 4.37 (± 2.86). Conclusion: The prevalence of knee OA in postmenopausal women in Nigeria is a
significant public health concern. Several risk factors, including age, BMI, parity, family history, and previous trauma, contribute to the high prevalence of knee OA
in this population. Keywords: Osteoarthritis, postmenopausal, retrospective, prevalence.

This study investigated skill acquisition and job creation among women in Edo State. The specific objectives were to examine the relationship between technical skills, creative skills, vocational skills and entrepreneurial skills with job creation among women in Edo State. It was a field survey and a total of five hundred and sixteen (516) women constituted the population size and the same 516 as the sample size for the purpose robust results and generalisation. The main research instrument employed was questionnaire administration and data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and least square regression method. The study found that technical skills, creative skills, vocational skills and entrepreneurial skills all have significant positive relationship at p-value of 1%, 1%, 2%, and 3% respectively with job creation among women in Edo state. The study therefore recommended that government should provide the enabling environment and financial assistance to entrepreneurs especially to women with different creative, technical and entrepreneurial skills in order to promote job creation.

This study was aimed at investigating the factors which influence the participation of women in continuing education programmes in Oredo local government area of Edo state. In view of the purpose of the study, five research questions were formulated to guide the study which are:1. What are the psychological factors influencing women’s participation in continuing education? 2. Do women enroll in continuing education programmes for economic reasons? 3. Do women’s participation in continuing education programmes to improve social interaction? 4. What political reasons necessitate women’s participate in continuing education?

Introduction
The Chinese saying that “women hold up half the sky” is not an over-exaggeration. Women are the bedrock of the development of any nation. Throughout human history, women played vital roles in their nation’s development. Women's economic empowerment is particularly important in developing countries, where women often face barriers to accessing financial resources, markets, and employment opportunities. When women are economically empowered, they are better able to support themselves and their families, bringing positive impacts on their communities and the economy as a whole. Another important aspect in which women’s participation has contributed immensely to the growth of a community or a nation is through their political representation . Nigerian women are a diverse group of individuals who have a wide range of experiences and backgrounds. They are mothers, daughters, sisters, wives, entrepreneurs, professionals, and activists. They played very vital roles in pre-colonial and colonial times and also contributed significantly towards the fight for Nigeria’s independence. They also helped in checking the excesses of the colonial administration in 1924 through the popularly known protest as the Aba Women's Riot where they protested against the forceful introduction of taxation in Eastern Nigeria . Great women like Mrs. Ranson Kuti, Mrs. Margaret Ekpo, and Elizabeth Adeyemi Adekogbe played prominent roles in the independence of Nigeria. Not forgetting the fact that the famous Empire of Zauzzau (Zaria) flourished under Queen Amina, Ile-Ife under Molemi, and Benin under Emotan.