NIL

This study examined the relationship between employee relations and employee productivity in the hotel industry. A questionnaire was administered to a sample of 70 hotel employees to assess various aspects of employee relations, including communication, teamwork, management support, and recognition/rewards. Employees also provided self-report of their own productivity. Quantitative analysis revealed several significant positive correlations between measures of employee relations and employee productivity. In particular, perceptions of open communication, strong teamwork, and adequate management support were all
associated with higher levels of self-reported employee productivity. The findings suggest that investing in initiatives to improve employee relations within hotels may have tangible benefits in terms of boosting employee output and performance. Implications for hotel management practices are discussed, along with limitations of the study and directions for future research

This study examined community policing and internal security in Nigeria, with particular reference to Esan North-East Local Government Area of Edo State. The main objective of the study was to assess the nature and practice of community policing, its impact on crime reduction and internal security, the challenges facing its implementation, and the role of youths and local
security actors in sustaining community policing initiatives in the study area. The study adopted a survey research design. Data were collected through the use of questionnaires administered to residents of Esan North-East Local Government Area. The data
obtained were analyzed using simple percentages and frequency tables.
The findings of the study revealed that community policing has improved collaboration between the police and community members, leading to better information sharing and quicker response to crime. The study also found that community policing has contributed to a reduction in crime and an improvement in the level of internal security in the area. However, challenges such as inadequate funding, lack of trust between the police and residents, poor cooperation, and insufficient training of personnel were identified as major obstacles to the effective implementation of community policing. The study concluded that community policing is an effective strategy for enhancing internal security when there is active cooperation between the police and the community. It was therefore recommended that the government should provide adequate funding, improve training for community policing officers, and promote public awareness and community participation in security matters

The synthesis of Manganese Oxide (MnO) nanoparticles using plant extracts has acquired attention as a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to traditional chemical methods. This study explores the synthesis of Manganese Oxide nanoparticles using Dacryodes erulis seeds extract, investigating their antioxidant and phytochemical properties. The Phytochemical composition of
Dacryodes erulis seeds, along with the reduction and stabilization properties of plant-based compounds, played a crucial role in the synthesis of nanoparticles. The synthesized Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles were characterized using various techniques, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the MnONPs were crystalline in nature. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) indicated its polydispersity with a PDI value of 0.250 and an average particle size of 48.78nm. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated the presence of a hydroxyl (-OH), Carbonyl (C=O), and carboxyl (-COOH) functional group. Antioxidant activities of the Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles were assessed using DPPH, while phytochemical properties were evaluated through quantitative analysis. The results suggested that the synthesized Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles exhibited significant antioxidant properties making them promising candidates for applications in medicine, environmental cleanup, and energy production. Overall, this study demonstrated the potential of using African bush pear seed extract for the green synthesis of MnONPs

Infertility remains a significant global health challenge, with male factors contributing to nearly half of all reported cases. The search for natural, safe and cost-effective alternatives to conventional fertility drugs has led to increasing interest in medicinal plants. This study investigated the Pro-fertility potential of extracts of Ananas Comosus (Pineapple juice) and Cocos Nucifera (Coconut milk) on adult male Wistar rats. The extracts were administered orally at doses of 50 ml/kg and 250 ml/kg for 28 days with distilled water and Proviron (25 mg/kg) serving as negative and positive controls, respectively. Sperm parameters, reproductive organ indices and hormonal profiles were assessed following standard procedures. The extract-treated groups, especially at 250 ml/kg, showed significant increases in sperm count, motility, morphology and testosterone levels compared to the control (P <0.05). These improvements suggest enhanced spermatogenesis and androgenic activity. The Observed effects are attributed to Phytochemical such as bromelain, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and medium-chain fatty acids, which possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Overall, the Combination of Ananas Comosus and Cocos Nucifera demonstrated strong pro-fertility potential, indicating its promise as a natural alternative to conventional fertility treatments.

This study examined the effect of online Value Added Tax (VAT) administration on the performance of e-commerce businesses in Nigeria. The research was anchored on the Optimal Tax Theory, Tax Incidence Theory, Technology Acceptance Model, and Laffer
Curve Theory, which collectively explain the relationship between taxation efficiency, compliance behaviour, and digital adoption. The study employed a survey research design and collected data from 384 online business operators across major e-commerce platforms in Nigeria. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression techniques were used to analyse the data.
The findings revealed that policy clarity, compliance burden, and enforcement intensity significantly influence e-commerce performance. Specifically, policy clarity had a strong positive effect (β = 0.4058, p < 0.001), compliance burden exerted a modest positive effect (β = 0.053, p < 0.05), while enforcement intensity recorded the strongest impact (β = 0.961, p < 0.001). The combined influence of these variables explained about 82% of the variation in e-commerce performance. The study concluded that a transparent, efficient, and technology-driven VAT system enhances compliance and supports digital business growth.
It recommends that the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) simplify VAT policies, digitize compliance processes, strengthen enforcement through data-driven monitoring, and promote collaboration between regulators and e-commerce stakeholders to sustain Nigeria’s evolving digital economy.

This research work titled “A Morphological Analysis of Tiv Personal Names” examines the structure, formation processes, and meanings of Tiv names within the framework of morphological theory. The study aims to identify the morphological processes involved in Tiv name formation and explain how These processes reflect the linguistic creativity and worldview of the Tiv people. Data for the study were drawn from native speakers of Tiv and analyzed using four major theories of morphology— Item-and-Arrangement Theory, Word-and- Paradigm Theory, Generative Morphology, and Morphological Typology. The analysis revealed that Tiv names are not mere labels but meaningful linguistic expressions formed through systematic morphological processes such as compounding, affixation, and sentence formation. The findings further showed that Tiv names often take the form of complete sentences that express faith, gratitude, or personal experience, for example, Terdoo (“The Lord is good”), Ngumimi (“He is truth”), and Selumum (“We agree”). The study concludes that Tiv names serve as a rich linguistic resource that encodes the people’s spiritual beliefs, moral values, and social experiences. The research therefore establishes that Tiv is an agglutinative language whose naming system demonstrates rule-governed ord formation processes consistent with the principles of generative morphology. It recommends that further studies be carried out on the phonological and semantic dimensions of Tiv personal names, as well as comparative analyses with other Nigerian languages, to promote the preservation and appreciation of indigenous linguistic heritage.

Inventory management is one of the activities the stock manager undertakes to ensure optimal services of goods to effectively achieve its function. This obligation could only be made possible by automating the current manual and paper based inventory system. A web based inventory management system was proposed. A literature review was conducted on three technologies used in the inventory management that is Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Barcode Technology and Near fieldCommunication (NFC). A review was also undertaken on the related works to identify the concept that could be adopted in the proposed system. A baseline study was performed to understand the challenges faced in the inventory management of goods. The results of The baseline study were analyzed and found that the challenges were attributed to the current manual inventory management system mainly due to human errors, incorrect inventory reporting and pilferage of items. The proposed prototype system was developed and tested and proved to be faster, efficient and more reliable than the manual and paper based system.

This study investigates the potential of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) leaf extract as a green, eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for low carbon steel in acidic environments. The research focuses on evaluating the inhibitory efficiency of the extract at different concentrations and exposure times using electrochemical methods, including potentiodynamic polarization and open circuit potential measurements. Surface characterization techniques, such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), were employed to analyze the steel surface morphology after exposure. Results indicated that the okra leaf extract significantly reduced the corrosion rate of low carbon steel, forming a protective layer on the metal surface. The inhibition efficiency increased with higher extract concentrations, demonstrating the potential of bioactive compounds in okra leaves to adsorb onto the steel surface and block corrosion sites. The study concluded that okra leaf extract can serve as an effective, environmentally safe corrosion inhibitor, providing a sustainable alternative to conventional chemical inhibitors. These findings highlight the applicability of plant-based extracts in corrosion control and open avenues for further research in green corrosion inhibition technologies

Medicinal plants have long been essential in traditional and alternative medicine due to their accessibility, affordability, and minimal side effects. Combining two or more herbs can provide diverse health benefits. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a polyherbal formulated tea comprising Anthocleista djalonensis, Zingiber officinale, Allium sativum, Ageratum conyzoides, and Thespesia garckeana on haematological indices in Wistar rats with hyperlipidaemia induced by an atherogenic diet. Twenty-five rats were divided into five groups of five: group 1 served as the normal control, group 2 as the cholesterol control, groups 3 and 4 received polyherbal tea at doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg, respectively, and group 5 was treated with atorvastatin (5 mg/kg). Hyperlipidaemia was induced in groups 2 to 5 by administering 10 mg/kg of 1% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid. Treatments and the cholesterol diet were administered orally for 28 days. Blood samples were collected and analysed using a haematology auto analyser. The polyherbal tea at both 20 and 40 mg/kg doses significantly reduced platelet counts compared to the cholesterol control group (p < 0.01), while other haematological parameters remained unaffected (p > 0.05). These results suggest that the polyherbal tea may have antiplatelet and cardioprotective effects.

The study focused on the causes of strikes and its effect on students’ academic performance a case study of Faculty of Education University of Benin. Five research questions were raised to guide the study; 1. What are the central factors that frequently lead to strike actions within Nigerian universities? How do strike actions influence students' comprehension, retention, and engagement during their academic pursuits? What is the correlation between the specific elements triggering strikes and the subsequent underperformance of students in examinations and assessments? To what extent do institutional policies and administrative decisions contribute to either amplifying or alleviating the effects of strike actions on students' academic performance? In what ways can the educational system better manage strike actions to minimize disruptions and foster an environment conducive to sustained students’ learning? Descriptive research design was adopted for the study. The population of this study consists of all male and female students of History Education, University of Benin, Benin City. The sample of this study comprises of one hundred and fifty (150) History students of the Faculty of Education, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State. The major findings of the study revealed that the correlation between the specific elements triggering strikes and the subsequent underperformance of students in examinations and assessments is diverse and high. The results of the analysis conducted, revealed that the extent that institutional policies and administrative decisions contribute to either amplifying or alleviating the effects of strike actions on students' academic performance is diverse and high. The results of the analysis conducted revealed that the ways that the educational system can better manage strike actions to minimize disruptions and foster an environment conducive to sustained student learning are diverse and high It was recommended that Government should address root causes of strikes, Government should enhance student support services