Spermatogenesis

Infertility remains a significant global health challenge, with male factors contributing to nearly half of all reported cases. The search for natural, safe and cost-effective alternatives to conventional fertility drugs has led to increasing interest in medicinal plants. This study investigated the Pro-fertility potential of extracts of Ananas Comosus (Pineapple juice) and Cocos Nucifera (Coconut milk) on adult male Wistar rats. The extracts were administered orally at doses of 50 ml/kg and 250 ml/kg for 28 days with distilled water and Proviron (25 mg/kg) serving as negative and positive controls, respectively. Sperm parameters, reproductive organ indices and hormonal profiles were assessed following standard procedures. The extract-treated groups, especially at 250 ml/kg, showed significant increases in sperm count, motility, morphology and testosterone levels compared to the control (P <0.05). These improvements suggest enhanced spermatogenesis and androgenic activity. The Observed effects are attributed to Phytochemical such as bromelain, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and medium-chain fatty acids, which possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Overall, the Combination of Ananas Comosus and Cocos Nucifera demonstrated strong pro-fertility potential, indicating its promise as a natural alternative to conventional fertility treatments.

Occimim gratissimum, a plant with a history of traditional medicinal use, has gained attention for its reported anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. However, its effects on the male reproductive system, in particularly on testosterone levels and testicular histology, remain largely unexplored. This study employed a controlled
experimental design using male Wistar rats divided into four groups: Control, Low Dose, Medium Dose, and High Dose, receiving different dosages of Occimim gratissimum leaf extract. Testosterone levels were measured, and testicular histology was examined using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. In the Low Dose group (100 mg/kg), a significant decrease in testosterone levels was observed (Mean ± SD = 0.2617 ± 0.09 ng/ml), accompanied by increased Leydig cell population and active interstitial congestion. The Medium Dose group (300 mg/kg) showed no significant changes in testosterone levels (Mean ± SD = 1.142 ± 0.525 ng/ml) but exhibited similar Leydig cell responses and interstitial congestion. The High
Dose group (500 mg/kg) displayed no major disruptions in testosterone levels (Mean ± SD = 0.3887 ± 0.109 ng/ml)
or testicular histology. The results suggest that Occimim gratissimum leaf extract may have dose-dependent effects on
testosterone production and Leydig cell populations. However, the extract did not severely disrupt the spermatogenic process or testicular tissue. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms behind these changes and their implications for male reproductive health