D. O. UWAYA

Medicinal plants have long been essential in traditional and alternative medicine due to their accessibility, affordability, and minimal side effects. Combining two or more herbs can provide diverse health benefits. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a polyherbal formulated tea comprising Anthocleista djalonensis, Zingiber officinale, Allium sativum, Ageratum conyzoides, and Thespesia garckeana on haematological indices in Wistar rats with hyperlipidaemia induced by an atherogenic diet. Twenty-five rats were divided into five groups of five: group 1 served as the normal control, group 2 as the cholesterol control, groups 3 and 4 received polyherbal tea at doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg, respectively, and group 5 was treated with atorvastatin (5 mg/kg). Hyperlipidaemia was induced in groups 2 to 5 by administering 10 mg/kg of 1% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid. Treatments and the cholesterol diet were administered orally for 28 days. Blood samples were collected and analysed using a haematology auto analyser. The polyherbal tea at both 20 and 40 mg/kg doses significantly reduced platelet counts compared to the cholesterol control group (p < 0.01), while other haematological parameters remained unaffected (p > 0.05). These results suggest that the polyherbal tea may have antiplatelet and cardioprotective effects.

Polyherbal teas, also known as herb-herb combinations, have been used in Chinese medicine practice, but scientific evidence of their therapeutic benefit is lacking. This study aims to examine the nutritional composition, characterization of some phytochemical constituents, and hepatoprotective activity of a poly-herbal tea formulation comprised of Moringa olifera, turmeric, ginger, garlic, and lemon in CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. Proximate and mineral compositions were analyzed by the method described by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). The characterization of some phytochemical constituents was analyzed using HPLC. CCL4 induced hepatotoxicity was used for hepatoprotective activity. The proximate composition of poly-herbal formulated tea indicated carbohydrate (64.66 %), protein (19.25 %), fat (6.35 %), moisture content (6.12 %), ash content (0.24 %) and fibre (3.36%). Mineral compositions present include potassium (1356.0 mg/kg), calcium (821.3 mg/kg), magnesium (380.8 mg/kg), phosphorus (331.4 mg/kg), and iron (221.4 mg/kg).nt). Luteolin, Arbutin, Kaempferol, Apigenin and Quercetin were the most abundant phenolic compound, Quinine was the most abundant alkaloid, Diosgenin and Ergocalciferol were the most abundant steroid, Epigattotechin and Catechin were the most abundant tannins in polyherbal formulated tea. The body weight of animals given 10 mg/kg of the formulated tea extract, 5 mg/kg of the tea extract + CCL4, 10 mg/kg of tea extract + CCL4 and CCL4 without treatment significantly reduced compare to control (*p<0.05) in CCL4-induced nephrotoxicity. There was liver weight reduction in the animals that were given distilled water, 5 mg/kg of the formulated extract, 10mg/kg of the formulated extract, 5 mg/kg of the extract + CCL4, 10 mg/kg of extract + CCL4 when compared with CCL4 without treatment (***p<0.001; *p<0.05). ALP, AST and ALT levels in the animals were reduced by 5 mg/kg of the formulated tea extract, 10 mg/kg of the formulated extract, 5 mg/kg of the extract + CCL4, 10 mg/kg of extract + CCL4 when compared with CCL4 without treatment (**p<0.01; *p<0.05). Superoxide dismutase and catalase values were increased, and the molondialdehyde level was reduced by the formulated tea extract when compared with CCL4 without treatment (****p<0.0001; ***p<0.001; **p<0.01; *p<0.05). Conclusively polyherbal tea formulation (Moringa olifera, garlic, ginger, turmeric and lemon) possesses hepatoprotective activity

Nature has provided humans with medicine, shelter, food, clothing, fragrances, and transportation throughout history. The D3 organic® supplement's antidepressant and anxiolytic properties are assessed. Antidepressants and anxiolytics were tested in the forced swim, tail suspension, and elevated plus maze. Twenty-five 20–30 gram mice were divided into five groups of five. Group 1 received 10 ml/kg distilled water, Groups 2, 3, and 4 received 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg D3 organic® supplement extract, and Group 5 received 20 mg/kg oral fluoxetine. After receiving D3 and fluoxetine, mice were placed in an unbreakable transparent cylinder filled with water at 25°C for one hour. Animal immobility was measured after 5 minutes of swimming. Twenty 20–30 gram mice were randomly assigned to five four-animal groups. Group 1 received distilled water (10 ml/kg), groups 2–4 D3 organic® supplement extract (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg), and group 5 diazepam. The animals spent five minutes in the central maze an hour after receiving D3 organic® supplement extracts and diazepam. The number of entries and open arms time were recorded. In the forced swimming and tail suspension test, D3 organic® supplement extract (100 and 200 mg/kg) and fluoxetine (20 mg/kg) reduced immobility time compared to the control (p<0.05). Diazepam (10 mg/kg) and D3 organic® supplement extract (100 and 200 mg/kg) increased time spent and percentage time spent in the open arm compared to the control (p<0.05). D3 Organic® Supplement has anxiolytic and antidepressant properties.

D3 Organic is a supplement composed of various plant materials, including Desmodium gangeticum, Eclipta alba, Garcinia kola, Ocimum sanctum, Curcuma longa, and Tetracarpidium conophorum. The aim was to determine the antitussive and expectorant properties of the D3 Organic® supplement . In an antitussive study, 25 mice were allotted to 5 groups of 5 mice in each group. Group 1 is the control, group 2 is dihydrocodeine (25 mg/kg), and groups 3–5 are D3 Organic® supplement extract at 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively. One hour after oral drug administration, all the mice were exposed to 25% NH₄OH ( ammonium hydroxide) to induce cough. In the expectorant, 30 mice were allotted in 6 groups of 5 mice in each group. Group 1 is the control, group 2 is bromohexane (15 mg/kg), and groups 3–5 are D3 Organic supplement extract at 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively. Group 4 was given Sodium Chromoglycate (NaCr) at a dose of 50 mg/kg. All treatments were administered orally for five days, except Sodium Chromoglycate. In the last 30 minutes after Intraperitoneal administration of sodium chromoglycate, 5 mg/kg of ammonium chloride was given to each of the mice orally. Phenol red at a dosage of 500 mg/kg was administered intraperitoneally (IP) 30 minutes after the other drug administration. The mice were sacrificed, and the tracheal length of 2 cm was removed. Each piece of trachea was kept in 2 mL of normal saline for 30 minutes, and 0.1 mL of 1 M NaOH solution was added to the saline, and the absorbance at 460 nm was measured using a spectrophotometer.D3 Organic® supplement (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) and dihydrocodeine (25 mg/kg) reduced the number of cough bouts when compared to the control (p<0.05) for ammonia induced cough in mice.D3 Organic® supplement (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) and bromohexane (15 mg/kg) increased phenol red secretions when compared to control (p<0.05). The experimental results demonstrate that the aqueous leaf extract of D3 Organic® possesses significant antitussive and expectorant properties,