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In our everyday life as humans, we carry out activities whereby we rely majorly on our vision. Vision is therefore important for an individual to have a good quality of life. This study was carried out to determine the effects of visual impairment (VI) on The quality of life of adult patients at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH), also the quality of life in different
demographic variables was compared. It is a quantitative observational cross-sectional study that carried out on adult male and female patients above 18 years of age with visual acuity (VA) of less than 6 out of 12. The 150 sample size excluded subjects with mental illness. Demographics and quality of life data were collected through low vision quality-of-life questionnaire at UBTH from August to September 2023. From the 150 visually impaired patients that participated in this study, 85 males participated as compared to 65 females with a mean Age of 55.77 ± 12.73 for males and 57.33 ± 11.24 for females. 129(86%) patients were married while 21(14%) were unmarred. Eighteen 18% of the participants were diabetic, Eight 8% were hypertensive. Only three 3% of the participants were both diabetic and hypertensive. : Patients that were older than 60 years, uneducated, unmarried, and women were most likely to have a lower quality of life. In cases where chronic diseases are associated with higher rates of visual complications and poor quality of life the importance of eye examinations and effective rehabilitation services cannot be overemphasized.

Termite mounds are good examples of a well regulated ecosystem structure. These social insects are ecosystem engineers that are capable of building mounds of various sizes. Macrotermes mounds are equipped with several openings at various positions to mitigate thermoregulation and ventilation. One possible means of understanding the thermoregulatory pattern and ventilation strategies within a Macrotermes mound is to assess the relationships between its respiratory structures and geometry. Here, correlation test were done to test the level of significant relationships between the mound geometry and ventilatory structures. Results showed that the ventilatory structures above the base of Macrotermes mound is significantly (p<0.05) related to Its overall size (height, column, width) with correlation coefficient of 0.7323142, 0.668158 and 0.6531674 but had no relationship with the depth and perimeter of a Macrotermes mound. However, the ventilatory structure at the basal portion was significantly related to the depth with correlation coefficient of 0.7428268 and not necessarily the size of a mound. The temperature of a mound surrounding is also related to the internal temperature R=0.7074602, p=0.0004, R2=0.5005), and also deterministic factor in assessing the temperature flow within a Macrotermes mound. This ventilatory structures coupled with temperature are typical strategies used by termites to create a well thermoregulated and ventilated structures. The implications of these findings are that Macrotermes bellicossus mounds can be employed by humans in the construction of buildings, such that a time we come where there will be little or no need for
artificial ventilators like Air conditioners.

This study empirically investigated the value relevance of non- financial information in the annual reports of commercial banks in Nigeria. The study is important as it portrays the extent to which non-financial disclosures influences share prices. Using the Ohlson (1995) model which was modified, the study used share price as a measure of the value of the commercial banks while, Corporate Environmental Disclosure(CED), Corporate Governance Disclosure (CGD) and Corporate Social esponsibility Disclosure (CSRD) were used as the proxy variables for Non-Financial Disclosure ( NFD). Ex post facto design was adopted and data for the study were obtained from the published annual reports of the thirteen commercial banks listed on the Nigeria Exchange Group
(NGX)from 2016–2020. The findings generally indicate that environmental and corporate social responsibility assert a positive and significant effects on firm value of commercial banks while, corporate governance disclosure asserts a negative and significant influence on the value of the banks. However, this study suggests that firms should disclose more
of these information in their annual report as these information disclosures have exerted significant influence on firm’s performance over the years.

The increasing demand for sustainable energy sources has driven the exploration of biodiesel as a viable alternative to fossil fuels. This study focuses on the development of biomass-derived catalysts for the production of biodiesel using a blend of non-edible oils: neem, shea, and jatropha. The research aims to address the challenges associated with conventional catalytic processes, such as high costs, environmental impact, and inefficiencies, by utilizing agricultural waste products to create sustainable and cost-effective catalysts.
The project involved the synthesis of biomass-derived catalysts from plantain peels and coconut husks, which were characterized for their physical and chemical properties. The transesterification process was optimized using the Box-Behnken Design (BBD) to determine the effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, catalyst load, and methanol-to-oil mole ratio on biodiesel yield. The results indicated that the optimal conditions for biodiesel production were a reaction temperature of 60°C, a reaction time of 90 minutes, a catalyst load of 5.5 wt%, and a methanol-to-oil mole ratio of 6.5:1, yielding a maximum biodiesel yield of 92.37%.
The biodiesel produced from the oil blend was characterized according to ASTM standards, and the results showed that the physical and chemical properties, including density, viscosity, flash point, and acid value, were within acceptable limits for biodiesel. The study demonstrated that biomass-derived catalysts are effective in producing high-quality biodiesel from non-edible oil blends, offering a sustainable and economically viable alternative to conventional catalysts. This research contributes to the advancement of renewable energy technologies by providing a framework for the utilization of locally sourced agricultural waste in biodiesel production. The findings highlight the potential of biomass-derived catalysts to enhance biodiesel yield and qualitywhile reducing environmental impact, thereby supporting the transition to sustainable energy
solution.

This study was designed to ascertain the Prevalence of motional and Behavioural Disorders amongst Undergraduates’ Students in public universities using the University of Benin as the case study. Five (5) research questions were formulated to guide the study. The population of the study deals with undergraduate full time students in the faculty of Education in the University of Benin, which is made up of 8 departments sparsely divided across Ugbowo and Ekehuan Campus of the institution while the respondents were two hundred (200) students randomly selected from four (4) departments in the faculty of education. The research instrument for the study was a Questionnaire titled: The Prevalence of Emotional and Behavioural Disorders Amongst Undergraduates Students Questionnaire (TPEBDAUSQ). The instrument which was distributed to the respondents and collected immediately after completion from respondents. Findings revealed that emotional and behavioral disorders are prevalent among undergraduate education students at the University of Benin, with isolation stemming from past sexual assault and anxiety due to strike actions being notable emotional issues. On the behavioral front, common disorders include examination malpractice, poor class attendance, disrespect towards lecturers, procrastination, and difficulty concentrating in class. Contributing factors to these disorders include a short academic calendar, challenging lecturers, family distress, and a heavy academic workload. Despite the presence of a Guidance and Counseling Unit at the University of Benin, it has not fully achieved its objectives in addressing these issues effectively. To combat this, the university should enhance awareness of the unit's importance in tackling emotional and behavioral disorders among students, thereby fostering a supportive environment for their well-being and academic success. It was recommended that to enhance to address emotional and behavioral disorders among undergraduate education students at the University of Benin, it's crucial to enhance support services such as counseling and guidance, ensuring they are readily accessible and Well-promoted within the university community. Additionally, implementing measures to improve lecturer-student relationships, reduce academic stressors, and foster a culture of respect and inclusivity can contribute to a healthier and more
conducive learning environment

The main purpose of the project was to design a 3.5KVA inverter which makes use of both solar and mains or grid supply for charging the batteries. This is to reduce the frequency of power outages experienced in our homes and businesses. The project was carried out with the use of two 12V batteries connected in series to give a total of 24V DC which would serve as input for the inverter when on inverting mode and give an output of 220V AC for household appliances. Incorporated within the inverter was load control features, such that when the inverter stops charging and starts inverting, at a particular battery level set by the user, the heavy loads would be cut off while supply of power to the light loads continues. But when critical battery level is reached the light loads are also cut off and the inverter shuts down. This was done using Microcontroller in controlling relays which either powers on the load or cuts off the load when the battery is low. The proposed inverter design has two outputs through which load management was achieved. One of the outputs is designated to light loads and the other to heavy loads. The Microcontroller DSPIC30F4012 controls the load stage which can be programmed through the keypad to monitor the output power to the loads in output one and two, to ensure they do not draw power beyond the limits programmed by the user. To achieve this, the Microcontroller cuts off either of the outputs which exceed the set limit. The project was successful and the test results obtained was satisfactory. The inverter's operation was consistent with the design and the desired control of power consumption and power management was achieved.

This study was aimed at investigating the Influence of Social Media Video Advertisement of Always Sanitary Pad on The Buying Culture of UNIBEN Students. The objectives of the study were to determine the extent to which UNIBEN students are exposed to Always sanitary pad video advertisements on social media, examine the influence of Always sanitary pad video advertisements on the buying culture of UNIBEN students and to identify the factors that contribute to the effectiveness of Always sanitary pad video advertisements in influencing the purchasing decisions of UNIBEN students. The study was hinged on the Technology Acceptance Model and the Attitude change Theory. The survey design was used and questionnaire was adopted as the method of data collection with the sample size totaling 138. The findings of the study revealed that UNIBEN students are not frequently exposed to social media video advertisement of Always sanitary pads. Also, it is observed that brand loyalty plays a major role in influencing UNIBEN female students buying culture of sanitary products. Additionally, the majority of female students at UNIBEN believe that the Always sanitary pad social media videos are of high quality and will have a significant impact on their decision to buy. This study recommends that the brand should concentrate on boosting the frequency of video advertisement on platforms that are regularly utilized by students, concentrate on producing interesting and captivating video content which would motivate students to promote the product among their friends, explore the use of strong call to actions in video contents and make the product easily accessible to the students think about providing instructional content on feminine hygiene, health, and empowerment in order to increase the effectiveness of social media video commercials and also use feedback modules as a means of improving the brand.

The issue of national security is contentious and indeed, a subject of immense concern to every Nigeria and Government which has ruled from independence to the present day. It is a subject that concerns the survival of a nation in the international system. However, there is a correlation between national security and pursuit of a foreign policy. In the past, there was demarcation between foreign policy and national defence policy. The truth remains that no nation can play meaningful role in the international system, if the state does not have dynamic foreign policy linked up with her defence policy.

This study examined emotional exhaustion and deviant workplace behaviour among university lecturers, using the University of Benin and Benson Idahosa University, Benin city, Edo state. Specifically, the study aimed at ascertaining the level of emotional exhaustion, and deviant workplace behaviour among the University lecturers, while also ascertaining the linear relationship or the extent at which deviant workplace behaviour impacts on the emotional exhaustion of lecturers. The study adopted a survey research design which entail the use of structured questionnaire in obtaining responses from a study population. A total of 150 copies of questionnaire were distributed to lecturers in the selected institutions, out of which 126 were recovered and used form for the analysis. The data so obtained were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics; simple percentage and frequency, and mean; while the linear regression model was employed in ascertaining the relationship between the study variables. The data were analyzed via the statistical software for social sciences (SPSS) version 20. Findings obtained after due analysis of the data retrieved from the research instrument showed that; University lecturers have a high level of emotional exhaustion. They often feel emotionally drained, used up, fatigued, burned out, frustrated and stressed out from their jobs. This most times is closely associated with the nature and myriad of workloads that are encumbered with. The study therefore recommends that Universities should prioritize the mental health and well-being of their lecturers. They should establish and promote mental health programs, counselling services, and stress management workshops to help lecturers cope with emotional exhaustion. Furthermore, they should create a supportive environment where they can seek help and guidance when needed. University authorities should conduct regular assessments of lecturer workloads and ensure they are reasonable and manageable. They should consider hiring more faculty or providing additional resources to reduce the burden on lecturers.

As global engineering practice increasingly prioritizes the elimination of greenhouse gas emissions and environmental pollution, the development of renewable energy-powered equipment represents a critical pathway toward sustainable industrial operations. This project focuses on the design and fabrication of a solar-powered grain grinding machine that harnesses photovoltaic technology to provide an off-grid, zero-emission solution for agricultural processing in rural areas where conventional electricity supply is unreliable and diesel-powered alternatives contribute significantly to carbon emissions and operational costs. The system employs a 350W brushless DC (BLDC) motor operating at 24V and 1500 RPM, powered by a 200W monocrystalline solar panel with battery backup comprising two 12V lead- acid batteries connected in series. A pulse width modulation charge controller regulates the charging process while providing comprehensive battery protection. The mechanical subsystem features a food-grade stainless steel hopper feeding into a burr-type grinding mechanism with 80mm diameter hardened steel grinding plates, enabling adjustable fineness control for various grain types. Power transmission from the motor to the grinding shaft is achieved through a universal joint coupling, with the complete assembly mounted on a fabricated mild steel frame. System performance analysis reveals a comprehensive energy conversion pathway from solar input to mechanical grinding output. The electrical subsystem demonstrates strong efficiency with the PWM charge controller achieving approximately 78% efficiency and the BLDC motor operating at 85-90% electrical-to-mechanical conversion efficiency. The mechanical drivetrain, comprising the universal joint, bearings, and shaft assembly, maintains approximately 85% transmission efficiency. These results in a net system operational efficiency of approximately 58% from battery DC output to mechanical grinding power. Under typical operating conditions, the system delivers approximately 315-320W of net mechanical grinding power from the 350W motor rating, accounting for motor efficiency and mechanical losses. Performance testing validated a grinding throughput of 5.0-10.0kg/hr for various grain types including tomatoes, pepper, millet etc with an estimated Specific Energy Consumption (SEC) of approximately 42Wh/kg. Environmental benefits include zero operational carbon emissions, elimination of air and reduced noise pollution, and contribution to sustainable rural development. The system eliminates recurring fuel costs associated with diesel generators, reduces monthly operating expenses for minimal maintenance, and provides payback periods of 1-3 months for small-scale commercial users.