FACULTY OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE

Efficient healthcare delivery relies heavily on accurate, accessible, and secure patient information. In Nigeria, the current method of managing patient records remains largely manual, fragmented, and uncoordinated across different healthcare facilities. This has led to frequent duplication of medical tests, prolonged waiting times, and poor continuity of care. The need for a centralized and interoperable digital solution is therefore essential in improving patient outcomes and overall healthcare efficiency. This roject focuses on the design and prototype implementation of a web-based Electronic Health Record (EHR) system named HealthHive. The system aims to consolidate patient medical data from multiple hospitals into a single, secure, and user-friendly platform accessible to patients, healthcare providers, and administrators. HealthHive emphasize interoperability, scalability, and data security while ensuring that patient privacy is upheld through role-based access control and encrypted communication. The project adopts the Object-Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) approach, with modeling tools such as Use Case Diagrams and Class Diagrams utilized to represent the system’s architecture and interactions. The proposed system demonstrates how centralized digital records can minimize redundancies, promote data sharing between healthcare institutions, and enhance decision-making through accurate medical histories. Ultimately, this prototype lays the foundation for a national EHR framework capable of transforming healthcare management in Nigeria by improving accessibility, efficiency, and trust within the healthcare ecosystem.

Nanotechnology has gained significant attention in various fields due to its potential in developing advanced materials with unique properties. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in medicine, electronics, and environmental applications due to their antibacterial and catalytic properties. This study explores a practical approach to synthesizing AgNPs using a chemical method, where silver salts are reduced in the presence of stabilizing and reducing agents. By adjusting factors such as precursor concentration, temperature, and reaction time, the size and stability of AgNPs can be controlled. Common chemical techniques like the Turkevich and polyol methods provide efficient and scalable synthesis. The resulting nanoparticles are analyzed using UV-Vis Spectroscopy, DLS, XRD, and TEM to confirm their size and structure. While chemical synthesis is effective, challenges like toxicity and environmental impact must be considered for safe and sustainable use

This study presents an in-depth structural analysis of the Ugbobo area and its environs, situated within the Igarra Basement Complex in southwestern Nigeria. The primary objective of this research is to shed light on the geological events that have shaped this region, providing valuable insights into its deformational and geological history. To achieve this goal, Landsat imagery was utilized to systematically gather and examine fracture data through various analytical techniques. These techniques include rose plots, stereonets, and pole plots, which enabled the assessment of structural orientations and deformations in the study area. The results obtained from the rose plot analysis revealed a dominant NNE-SSW fracture trend, indicating deformation that can be attributed to the pre-Pan African orogeny. This finding suggests a polyphase deformational history, pointing to significant tectonic activity in the region. Furthermore, the analysis of pole plots showed clustering of poles in the western and eastern directions. The stereonet analysis revealed that the fracture lines are concentrated towards the eastern and western quadrants, indicating that many of these planes are dipping steeply in those directions. The comprehensive understanding of these structural patterns is crucial for reconstructing the deformational and geological history of the terrain. This study contributes significantly to the existing knowledge of the Igarra Basement Complex, providing new insights into the region's tectonic evolution. The findings of this research have important implications for future geological investigations and exploration activities in the area.

Premium Motor Spirit (PMS), commonly known as petrol, is the most widely used fuel in Nigeria, and Benin City in particular. It plays a vital role in transportation, power generation, and other daily activities. However, the quality of PMS available to consumers has often been questioned due to issues of adulteration, contamination, and poor handling. These problems can affect engine performance, increase fuel consumption, and contribute to environmental pollution. This study focused on the analysis of selected physicochemical properties of Premium Motor Spirit (PMS) obtained from four Local Government Areas in Benin City, namely Oredo, Ikpoba- Okha, Egor, and Ovia North East. The aim was to evaluate the quality of PMS distributed within these areas and compare the results against the standard specifications provided by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Parameters such as density, Reid vapour pressure (RVP), octane rating, boiling point, colour, and basic sediment and water (BSW) were determined following ASTM approved methods. The distillation results showed initial Boiling Points (IBP) ranging from 32 - 35°C with three samples slightly below the ASTM specification of 35°C, while Final Boiling Points (179 - 190°C) and recovery (98 - 99%) were within accepted limits. Density values measured at 15°C ranged from 0.741 - 0.746g/cm3 , falling within the ASTM specification range of 0.720 - 0.780g/cm3 , indicating compliance in terms of volatility and combustion efficiency. Colour determination revealed a consistent Plain Yellow appearance across all samples, in agreement with ASTM D1500 standards, reflecting proper refining and the absence of contaminants such as water, rust or heavy hydrocarbons. The BSW values for all the four LGAs were less than 0.05% by volume, which is well within ASTM tolerable limits, confirming negligible water or sediment contamination. The RVP values ranged from 57.22651 - 58.60546kpa, falling within the ASTM range of 45 - 60kpa. Lastly, the RON values ranged from 90-91 which was within the ASTM specification range of 90 - 93. The PMS samples used in this study met the ASTM standards, indicating good quality and suitability for use. The slight deviations observed, such as in the IBP values, point to the need for continuous monitoring.

Quantum computing represents a revolutionary paradigm shift in computation, promising exponential speedup over classical computers in solving certain problems. This project delves into the realm of quantum computing, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of its principles, applications, and implications. The introductory chapter sets the stage by delineating the motivation and objectives of the study. Following this, the literature review offers a historical overview and examines key concepts in quantum mechanics, classical computing limitations, landmark quantum algorithms, recent advancements, and existing challenges. Methodologically, a qualitative approach is adopted, integrating literature review, experimental data, and simulations. Ethical considerations are carefully accounted for throughout the research process. Results and findings are then presented, encompassing analysis of experimental data or simulation outcomes, comparison of classical and quantum computing performance, and implications for the field. This project serves as a foundational resource for understanding quantum computing, offering insights into its current state, potential applications, and future trajectories. It contributes to the ongoing discourse surrounding quantum computing, guiding future research endeavors and technological advancements in this transformative field.

Groundwater potential assessment using the Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) technique was conducted in Uwasota and environs, Benin City, Southern Nigeria. Four VES
measurements were acquired using the Schlumberger electrode array. The data were
quantitatively interpreted using curve matching and computer iteration techniques to
generate geoelectric parameters. The VES results revealed subsurface lithologies consisting of topsoil, lateritic soil, dry sand, and saturated sand, all within the Benin Formation. Resistivity analysis allowed for the delineation of potential aquifer zones and estimations of groundwater depth. This study provides valuable insight into the
subsurface hydrogeological conditions and delineates areas suitable for groundwater
development in Uwasota and environs, contributing to improved groundwater resource management in the region.

The study of geo-electrical resistivity provides critical insights into subsurface characteristics and aquifer dynamics, particularly in regions with varying geological formations. This research investigates the efficiency of Vertical Electrical sounding (VES), a geophysical technique, for groundwater exploration within the hydrological setting of Uwasota Benin city, southern Nigeria. The primary aim of this study is to characterize the geo-electrical layers, assess aquifer thickness and resistivity. A total of 4 VES was acquired using Schlumberger electrode array. The data was interpreted quantitatively using the partial curve matching and computer iteration techniques to generate the first order geo-electric parameters and to also delineate subsurface lithological variations and identify potential aquifer zones.

This study entailed the production of ginger powder and analysis for selected phytochemicals and minerals element constituents. Examined phytochemicals were flavonoid, saponin, glycoside, phenols, alkaloid, tannin, coumarin, quinones and steroids while selected mineral elements analysed were iron, magnesium, calcium, zinc, potassium and sodium. The ginger rhizomes for this study were obtained from New Benin Market, Edo State, Nigeria. Standard methods were used for processing the ginger powder. Specifically, the presence or absence of the selected phytochemicals was determined. Findings indicated that for fresh ginger rhizomes, the examined minerals are of the following values: Fe (1.00mg/L), Mg (0.75mg/L), Ca (0.50mg/L), Zn (0.80mg/L), K (19.7mg/L) and Na (2.2mg/L). For the processed ginger powder, the obtained values for the examined mineral constituents are: Fe (1.60mg/L), Mg (1.08mg/L), Ca (0.30mg/L), Zn (1.20mg/L), K (61.1mg/L) and Na (11.4mg/L). Based on findings from this study, ginger powder is a good source of the examined food minerals.

This study assessed the physicochemical quality of diesel oil sold in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria, using aggregate samples collected from four local government areas (Egor, Oredo, Ikpoba-Okha, and Ovia North-East). The scope covered five key parameters—flash point, distillation characteristics, density, basic sediment and water (BSW), and colour selected for their direct impact on safety, efficiency, and compliance with standards. Diesel samples were collected in sealed one-liter containers, combined into four aggregates, and analyzed using ASTM methods (D93 for flash point, D86 for distillation, D1298 for density, D1796 for BSW, and D1500 for color). Results showed distillation ranges within specification, with initial boiling points of 160–165 °C and final boiling points of 355–356 °C, and final recovered volumes of 97–98 mL, indicating uniform volatility. Density corrected to 15 °C ranged from 0.834 g/mL (Oredo) to 0.847 g/mL (Ovia North-East), aligning with the acceptable 0.82–0.85 g/mL range. BSW content was consistently low at 0.05%, while ASTM colour values ranged from 1.0 to 1.5, all within standards. However, flash points were below 52 °C across all LGAs, failing to meet the ASTM D975 minimum, suggesting contamination or blending with lighter fractions. The findings highlight generally consistent diesel quality but raise safety concerns requiring regulatory oversight.

This study integrates sedimentological, mineralogical, and palynological analyses to evaluate the depositional environments and hydrocarbon potential of the XY Well in the Niger Delta Basin. The well penetrates the Agbada Formation, which forms part of the paralic sequence of the Niger Delta. A total of 190 ditch cutting samples were analyzed using standard sedimentological and palynological procedures to determine their lithological composition, textural characteristics, mineral assemblages, and fossil content. The lithological succession consists predominantly of alternating sandstone, shale, sandy shale, and clayey sand units typical of deltaic successions.
Mineralogical studies revealed quartz, pyrite, glauconite, iron oxide, mica, and carbonate minerals, suggesting mixed continental and marine influences, moderate diagenetic alteration, and cyclic depositional energy conditions. The sand units are moderately to well sorted, subrounded to rounded, and interpreted as potential reservoir facies, whereas the shales serve as potential source and seal rocks. Palynological analysis yielded 964 palynomorphs comprising 496 pollen grains, 458 spores, and 10 dinoflagellate cysts. Diagnostic taxa such as Praedapollis africanus, Peregrinipollis nigericus, and Retibrevitricol porites obodoensis enabled the
establishment of three biostratigraphic zones (P620, P580, and P560) corresponding to the Miocene age. Thirteen informal palynological zones were also recognized, reflecting alternating terrestrial, marginal marine, and shallow marine environments. Integration of the sedimentological and palynological results indicates a regressive–transgressive depositional cycle characteristic of a prograding delta system comprising delta plain, delta front, and prodelta
facies. The study concludes that the Agbada ormation penetrated by the XY Well exhibits favorable reservoir and source rock characteristics, confirming its significance in the hydrocarbon system of the Greater Ughelli Depobelt of the Niger Delta Basin.