FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

This study examines how smart technology influences property management practices in Benin City, Nigeria, a rapidly growing urban center. Using a descriptive survey design, structured questionnaires were administered to 54 estate management firms across the city to gather insights on technology adoption. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) to evaluate respondents' perceptions. The findings indicate widespread recognition of the benefits of smart technology, notably through smart security systems, energy management tools, and predictive maintenance applications. Nevertheless, overall adoption levels remained moderate among the surveyed firms. The major challenges hindering implementation included high installation costs, inadequate infrastructure, limited technical expertise, and regulatory gaps.
These outcomes underscore the need for enhanced stakeholder engagement, supportive policy frameworks, and tailored technological solutions to improve urban property management practices. Addressing these factors would accelerate the integration of smart technologies in property management, thereby enhancing operational efficiency and sustainability in Nigerian cities. The study's implications extend beyond Benin City, offering guidance for stakeholders in other Nigerian cities facing similar challenges.

This research encompasses the significance of signage in enhancing branding, communication, safety, and accessibility within the University of Benin’s Ekehuan Campus. Signage plays a vital role in educational settings by fostering a unified institutional identity, improving user experience, and ensuring safety—especially during emergencies. Additionally, the study highlights that the needs of persons with disabilities are frequently neglected, thereby limiting equitable access to campus facilities. The research examines core design elements—including typography, color schemes, imagery, and spatial placement—and their influence on branding, user experience, and inclusivity. The aim of this study is to provide practical recommendations for enhancing signagedesign that aligns with the university’s visual identity and accessibility standards. Byaddressing existing shortcomings, the study seeks to create a more functional, welcoming, and inclusive environment for all users, including individuals with disabilities. The findings are anticipated to guide future signage design practices that promote improved user engagement, safety, and accessibility across academic institutions.

It has become a notorious fact that despite efforts by the government, Avarice remains an endemic in Nigeria. It has eaten into the soul of the society. It has indeed become a national issue. If this menace is not tackled effectively and comprehensively, it will eventually destroy our nation. Lawal (2012) says that: While corruption is on the increase, our life expectancy seems to be decreasing, poverty and powerlessness are the order of the day. People's lives are taken cheaply through different means by;armed robbers, hired assassins, kidnappers,disposed of through pot holes on most of our high ways. The implication of the above statement is that corruption has breaded poverty and insecurity in Nigeria. They are the roots of sin which should not be compromised but needs a frontal' attack in pulling down this stronghold. Nigeria is complex economically, socially, politically, ethnically and religiously, and scholars have had that to address. In Nigeria, there are three(3) categories of people namely; the crowd, the revenue collectors and the politicians, Whereas, the principal actors whose activities were characterized by corruption, exploitation, degradation, avarice, selfishness, and other forms of bad images which had the moral situation of the nation to extremely deteriorate. There is a saying that for evil to triumph, every God fearing person has maintained mute, indifference and cold complexity. An exposition of the moral situation and the need for 3 repentance is imperative not only to launder the damaged image of Nigerians, but to re-interpret the quest for ethical orientation from Nigerian perspective. Avarice is one of the most serious problems confronting both the government and the people of Nigeria in general

Flooding is a recurring environmental hazard that continues to pose significant challenges to urban development, particularly in rapidly growing cities of developing countries like Nigeria. This study investigates the causes, extent, and possible mitigation measures for flooding along Edaiken Primary School Road and its environs in Benin City, with the aim of improving stormwater management and promoting sustainable urban resilience. The researchevaluates the efficiency of existing drainage infrastructure, identifies flood-prone zones, and designs an appropriate drainage system to mitigate runoff accumulation. A combination of field observations, hydrological data collection, and GIS-based spatial analysis was employed to assess catchment characteristics and flow patterns. The drainage catchment was delineated into five sub-catchments (SC1–SC5), each with distinct topographic and hydrological properties. Results from the analysis revealed that sub- catchments SC3 and SC4 contribute the largest volumes of runoff due to their lower elevation and higher flow accumulation potential. The hydrological parameters indicated short times of concentration (0.284–0.583 hours) and high rainfall intensities (137.034–175.972 mm), which are typical of urbanized areas with low infiltration capacity.

Infrastructural Facilities in public institutions in Nigeria are Inadequately maintained and few that are maintained are allowed to Deteriorate completely without any sustainable maintenance plan or strategy This study aims at evaluating the maintenance culture on institutional buildings in buildings in Nigeria particular focus will be on University of Benin junior staff Quarters; to know their current state and maintenance performed on these buildings, particularly from occupiers perspective and hopefully with the view of addressing the maintenance needs of the building, identifying the Element of the Junior Staff Quarters that Needs the most repairs , examining the factors contributing to the deterioration of the Junior staff quarters and identifying the strategies for improving the maintenance of the junior staff quarters. The data for this study was collected using a structured questionnaire and personal observation. The purposive technique will be utilised in this study. This sampling technique is considered appropriate for this research given that it will allow the researcher to focus on a specific group of people and area of interest to gather in-depth data on the research topic.

This study aimed to analyze the maintenance management practices in-use in industrial and assembly buildings with a view to enhancing the life and function of the buildings. To achieve the aim, the study identified the maintenance management practices used in industrial and assembly buildings in Edo State, investigated factors influencing the choice of maintenance management practices used, evaluated the challenges faced and examined the strategies to mitigate challenges faced in implementing maintenance management practices in the study area. These objectives were analyzed using the mean item score. Data from 60 responses out of a total sample of 100 professionals were analyzed. The research identified ‘‘preventive maintenance” to be the most prevalent and commonly used maintenance management practice in Edo State, followed by “corrective maintenance” and then by “predictive maintenance”, “Condition based” and “Total- productive maintenance” were the lowest ranking 5th and 6th. The research results further showed “the type of the building”, “Criticality of equipment” and “age of the building” ranked the highest being 1st,2nd ,3rd respectively other factors like “manager preferences” sand “building location” were outlined less crucial from the research results. Regarding challenges, building complexity, high-cost maintenance and lack of skilled personnel, topped the charts as the most
prevalent challenges. Ranking 1st, 2nd, 3rd respectively other challenges “building location” were deduced less challenging and ranked lowest. Amongst the strategies that can be adopted to mitigate challenges, “Training and Development programs” was ranked 1st, followed by“implementation of cost benefit analysis” and “better incentives for maintenance personnel” ranked 2nd and 3rd

The construction industry has been plagued by the issue of payment delay. This study examined the effects of payment delay on construction projects in Benin City, Edo State with a view to enhancing contractors’ projects cash flow. The data for this study was gotten through the response to the administered structured questionnaire. The data obtained was analyzed using the mean item score, this answered the question of this study through the research objectives; to; identify the causes of payment delay on construction projects in Edo State, assess the effects of payment delay on construction projects in Edo State, ascertain the measures for mitigating the effects of payment delay on construction projects in Edo State. The research findings showed
that administrative bottlenecks/bureaucracy ranked as the highest cause of payment delay. It also found that delayed payment had a detrimental effect to construction projects where delay in project completion was seen to be the highest effect. Contractors should adhere strictly to the conditions of contract so as to reduce the effect of payment delay on construction projects

Urbanization significantly alters natural landscapes, often leading to vegetation loss and environmental degradation. This study assesses the impact of urban expansion on natural vegetation in Ikpoba-Okha using Landsat satellite imagery. By analyzing multi-temporal remote sensing data, the research examines land cover changes, vegetation decline, and urban growth patterns over time. Image classification techniques, such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) analysis, are employed to quantify vegetation loss. The findings provide valuable insights into the ecological consequences of urbanization, aiding in sustainable land-use planning and environmental conservation efforts in the region.

The earliest vertical gardens extend back 2000 years to the Mediterranean region, and ornamental roof gardens were first created by the civilizations that inhabited the basins of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers (the most famous examples of which were the Hanging Gardens of Babylon in the seventh and eight centuries B. C.). Northern European regions, such as Norway's sod roofs or the Mediterranean basin's climbing plants for shading vertical surfaces, have a number of examples of green roofs and façades dating to the 18th and 19th centuries. To support sustainable construction practises, modern building envelopes also contain cutting-edge materials and other technologies.

This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the key architectural and construction features of green buildings and Benin traditional buildings, with a focus on their adaptability and resilience to local climate conditions and environmental factors. The research will first examine the general characteristics of green buildings and Benin traditional buildings, including their underlying design principles, material selection, and construction techniques. This will involve a review of the existing literature on the subject, as well as an assessment of the environmental performance and sustainability aspects of each building type. The study will further look into the adaptability and resilience of these building features, such as energy efficiency, water conservation, and waste management, compare to the traditional building practices and techniques employed in Benin. The role of cultural influences, traditional knowledge, and innovative sustainable solutions in enhancing the adaptability and resilience of these buildings will also be explored. Furthermore, the research will investigate the potential for integrating green building strategies with Benin traditional building practices to create more climate-responsive and environmental-friendly structures. This will involve identifying the challenges and opportunities in bridging the gap between modern green building approaches and traditional construction methods. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the comparative advantages and limitations of green buildings and Benin traditional buildings in addressing local environmental conditions and climate change adaptation. The insights gained can inform policymakers, architects, and construction professional in developing more sustainable and resilient building practices that combine the best of both approaches.