Trauma is a deeply distressing experience that greatly impacts individuals’ psychological, emotional and physical wellbeing. Hence this study will focus on examining its type and causes, effects and defense mechanisms as demonstrated in Funke Akibdeke’s “A tribe called Judah” and Kenneth Nnebue’s “Died Wretched” . The methodological approach used in this study is the psychoanalytic approach because trauma is like a sickness of the mind, it has to do with matters of the subconscious mind. The study discovers that Funke Akindele and Kenneth Nnebue through the characters, reveals how people become the things they hate as a result of one traumatic experience or the other,. The findings reveals that the subconscious has a greater percent influence on our consciousness as we tend to react physically based on what we are facing or have faced psychologically. The study concludes that both movies are like mirror or a reflection of the inner mind and the physical reaction of an individual

This research studies the semantic and socio-cultural aspects of occupational personal names in the Yoruba language, concentrating on five key professions in traditional Yoruba culture: hunting (Òde), blacksmithing (Ògún/Agbẹdẹ), drumming (Ayan), warfare (Akin/Jagunjagun), and priesthood (Awo). Using the Socio-Cultural Linguistics Approach (SCLA) put forth by Bucholtz and Hall (2005), the study investigates how these names embody the historical, religious, and social values ingrained in Yoruba culture. Data were gathered using qualitative techniques, including interviews with Yoruba speakers and a review of existing literature and dictionaries. The study reveals consistent morphological patterns, such as prefixes (Oní-, Alá-, Akin-, Òde-, Ayan-, Ògún-, and Awo-), and explores their semantic meanings. This research shows that occupational names do more than identify; they reflect family heritage, spiritual beliefs, and social standing, acting as cultural symbols that maintain historical memory and moral principles. Although modernization and the reduction of traditional occupations are occurring, these names remain vital in representing identity and cultural continuity among the Yoruba people. The study concludes that Yoruba occupational names are linguistic representations of heritage that honor work, spirituality, and community identity, and it suggests that they should be incorporated into educational and cultural preservation effort

The istudy ifocuses ion iinvestigating ipeer igroup iinfluence ion icareer ichoice iamong isecondaryischoolistudentsiiniOviaiNorthiEastiLocaliGovernmentiAreaiofiEdoiState. Out iof ithe itwenty-four ipublic isecondary ischools iin iOvia iNorth iEast iLocal iGovernment, ieightisecondary ischoolsiwere iselected iforithe istudy. iThisirepresentsi33.3%iof ithe itotal isecondary ischoolsiin ithe ilocal igovernment. iIn ieach iof ithe iselected ischool, itwenty istudentsiand ifive iteachersiwere irandomly iselected ito imake ia itotal inumber iof itwo ihundred i(200)irespondents. iAisimpleirandomisamplingitechniqueiwasiuseditoiselectitheirespondents. iTheiresearchiinstrumentiforidataicollectioniwasiaiquestionnaireititledi“PeeriGroupiInfluence ion iCareer iChoice iQuestionnaire i(PGICCQ). i iThe isimple ipercentage imethod iwas iused ito ianalyseitheidataicollected. Findingsirevealedithatitheileveliofipeerigroupiinfluenceionicareerichoiceiofisecondary ischool istudentsiin iOvia iNorth iEast iLocal iGovernment iArea iofiEdo iState iisilow. iIt iwasialso irevealedithatiwasiaisignificantiinfluenceiofipeerigroupionistudents‟icareerichoices. iHowever, ithere iwasino isignificant idifference iin ithe iinfluence iofipeerigroup ibetween imale iand ifemale istudents iin itheir ichoice iof icareer. i iIt iwas itherefore irecommended ithat iprofessional icareer icounsellor ishould ibe iconsulted ito iassist istudents iin iplanning iand ichoosing itheir icareers. iSchools, iin icollaboration iwith ithe iMinistry iof iEducation, ishould iendeavour ito iorganize iat ileast ione imandatory icareer iprogramme ithat iwill iinvolve iprofessionals iand iexperts ifrom ivariousifieldsiofilife. iSuchiprogrammeishouldibeicoordinatedibyitheiguidanceicounsellor.

The human desire to find or create meaning is an enduring focus in literature. This study examines the human quest for meaning across time and culture by comparing Samuel Beckett’s Waiting for Godot and Jennifer Makumbi’s The First Woman. While Beckett presents a world of waiting, silence, and existential emptiness, Makumbi shows how storytelling, family history, myths, and women’s voices help create meaning. Using a comparative literary approach, the study explores how time, waiting, human connection, speech and silence, symbols, and cultural and social factors shape the search for purpose. Findings show that Beckett reflects universal existential concerns about uncertainty and the limits of language, whereas Makumbi demonstrates how culture and history enable identity, agency, and hope. In conclusion, the research highlights that the search for meaning is both universal and culturally specific, and it emphasizes the value of cross- cultural literary study in understanding how humans everywhere confront life’s uncertainties and strive to create purpose

Despite wide-spread reports of electoral frauds and irregularities in Nigeria, proving same remains a major challenge in Nigerian courts. This study explores the barriers to effectively proving electoral malpractices within the Nigerian political and legal systems. It investigates the institutional, legal, political, and socio-cultural obstacles that hinder the collation, presentation and acceptance of credible evidence in resolution of electoral disputes. The core problem lies in the systemic challenges that make it very difficult for petitioners to provide sufficient evidence to meet the high evidentiary burden required by election tribunals and courts. This research aims to identify and analyze these specific barriers, including procedural obstacles, institutional challenges, and socio-political factors, to understand the barriers to proving electoral malpractices. The methodology adopted for the study is the doctrinal method of research. In doing this, the study examined primary and secondary data which was obtained from scholarly articles, reports of election observer missions, judicial case, and official publications from the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC). The methodology was further developed through a thematic analysis approach, which allowed for a detailed examination of recurring challenges such as evidentiary limitations, influence on electoral tribunals, and the inadequacies of existing legal and institutional frameworks. Findings from the study reveal that the barriers to proving electoral malpractices in Nigeria are multi-dimensional. Legal barriers, such as strict evidentiary requirements and short timelines for litigation, create significant obstacles for petitioners. Institutional challenges, including poorly funded and poorly trained investigative bodies, which further limit the ability to gather credible evidence. Politically, widespread corruption, intimidation, and lack of judicial independence worsen the problem, making it extremely difficult for victims of electoral fraud to obtain justice. The study also identifies key issues such as limited access to reliable evidence, intimidation of witnesses, delays in judicial processes, lack of technological infrastructure, and political interference in legal proceedings as barriers to proving electoral malpractices before the courts in Nigeria. The findings suggest that these barriers not only undermine public trust in the electoral process but also weaken democratic accountability. The study concludes by recommending reforms aimed at strengthening the legal framework, improving evidence-gathering mechanisms, and enhancing the independence of electoral and judicial institutions in Nigeria.

Construction sites are among the most hazardous workplaces, exposing workers to various risks such as falls from heights, electrocution, exposure to hazardous materials, equipment malfunctions, structural collapses, and site-related accidents. In Benin City, where urban development and infrastructure expansion are accelerating, construction safety has become a critical concern for stakeholders, including construction firms, workers, regulatory bodies, and policymakers. Despite existing safety regulations, the high rate of workplace accidents continues to raise concerns about the adequacy and enforcement of site safety measures. This study critically evaluates the impact of site safety measures on construction activities in Benin City, with a focus on their effectiveness in reducing accidents, improving worker well-being, enhancing productivity, and ensuring overall project efficiency. This research adopts a mixed-methods approach, integrating both qualitative and quantitative methodologies to provide a comprehensive analysis of the subject matter. Primary data is obtained through structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews conducted with key stakeholders, including construction workers, site supervisors, project managers, safety officers, and government regulatory agencies responsible for occupational health and safety (OHS) compliance. The study also incorporates secondary data from construction incident reports, safety audits, and regulatory compliance records from agencies such as the National Occupational Safety and Health Administration (NOSHA) and the Federal Ministry of Labour and Employment. Key safety measures examined in this research include the use of personal protective equipment (PPE), the implementation of hazard identification and risk mitigation strategies, the presence and effectiveness of safety training programs, the enforcement of standard operating procedures (SOPs), emergency preparedness and response plans, adherence to xi occupational health and safety (OHS) guidelines, and the overall safety culture within construction firms. Using statistical analysis, the study establishes a correlation between safety compliance and key performance indicators such as accident frequency rates, worker efficiency levels, project timelines, and financial implications of safety violations, including compensation claims, legal liabilities, and project delays. Furthermore, qualitative insights from stakeholders provide a deeper understanding of challenges affecting safety enforcement. These include inadequate funding for safety programs, lack of worker awareness and training, resistance to compliance due to cost implications, ineffective supervision, and weak government enforcement mechanisms. The study also explores the role of emerging technologies, such as wearable safety devices, automated monitoring systems, and Building Information Modeling (BIM), in enhancing safety measures and reducing risks in construction sites. Findings from this research are expected to reveal critical gaps in existing safety practices while identifying areas for improvement. The study aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for enhancing safety policies, strengthening compliance with regulatory frameworks, fostering a proactive safety culture, and integrating innovative safety technologies into construction site management. The research underscores the importance of prioritizing worker safety not only as a moral obligation but also as a strategic approach to boosting productivity, reducing project costs, and improving overall construction efficiency. Ultimately, this study contributes to the broader discourse on construction safety in Nigeria, serving as a valuable resource for construction companies, policymakers, safety practitioners, and regulatory bodies seeking to implement sustainable safety interventions. By reinforcing site safety measures, the construction industry in Benin City can achieve a xii safer, more efficient, and more productive working environment, aligning with global best practices in occupational health and safety

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a global health challenge with a lifetime prevalence of 60-85%, being the leading cause of years lived with disability worldwide and significantly affecting African populations, including Nigeria. Physiotherapy is a crucial non-invasive treatment option for LBP management, offering various evidence-based interventions including exercise therapy, manual therapy, and electrotherapy. Nigeria's healthcare system faces significant challenges, with over 70% of healthcare expenses paid through out-of-pocket (OOP) payments due to limited insurance coverage and underfunding. This study aims to examine the out-of-pocket expenditures on physiotherapy for LBP in Benin City, Edo State, and its implications for healthcare access and policy. Method: A cross-sectional study design was used recruiting 99 participants. A non- probability purposive sampling technique was used to recruit participants. The sample size was determined using an online calculator with an 80% confidence level. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires, with ethical approval obtained from UBTH’s Medical Advisory Committee. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22.0, employing descriptive statistics (mean, frequency, standard deviation) and chi-square test of independence, with significance level set at p<0.05. Result: The study involved 99 participants, predominantly female (58.6%), married (83.8%), and businesspersons (35.3%), with a mean age of 63.65 ± 17.59 years and 27.56 ± 9.72 years of work experience. The average total out-of-pocket expenditure was ₦127,527.58 ± 18,712.44, comprising direct medical costs (₦72,363.64 ± 15,048.53), direct non-medical costs (₦20,315.45 ± 6,006.12), and indirect costs (₦34,848.48 ± 8,638.26). Disability levels were moderate, with mean scores of 31.08 ± 2.61 (Oswestry Disability Index) and 31.06 ± 2.07 (Rolland Morris Disability Questionnaire). Gender comparisons showed females had slightly higher expenditures (₦130,051.72 ± 18,924.06) than males (₦123,956.83 ± 18,034.77), but differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: This study highlights the substantial economic burden of managing low back pain in tertiary healthcare facilities in Benin City, Edo State, with significant out-of-pocket expenditures for both direct and indirect costs. Despite these challenges, no significant gender differences in costs were observed.

Nomophobia (no-mobile-phone-phobia) represents an emerging mental health concern among university students, yet limited research exists on its prevalence and impact among radiography students who require focused attention and manual dexterity for professional practice. This study examined the prevalence, severity, correlates, and predictors of nomophobia among radiography students in a Nigerian tertiary institution. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among radiography students using the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q). Data on demographics, mobile phone usage patterns, and associated symptoms were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression Nomophobia prevalence was 100%, with 66.3% experiencing moderate severity and 25.4% severe cases. Battery anxiety emerged as the strongest predictor (OR=6.8), while excessive daily usage, frequent checking behaviors, and sleeping with phones showed significant associations with severity. Senior students (300L and above), the 21-25 age group, and off-campus residents demonstrated higher vulnerability. Physical symptoms affected 68.7% of students, and 79.8% experienced battery-related anxiety. The "Not being able to communicate" dimension scored highest, indicating fear of social disconnection drives nomophobia more than convenience concerns. Nomophobia is universal and severe among radiography students, with significant physical and psychological health implications. The condition poses risks to academic performance and professional development, potentially compromising essential clinical skills. Urgent targeted interventions addressing usage patterns, battery anxiety, and vulnerable populations are essential to mitigate this pervasive mental health challenge in future healthcare professionals

Healthcare accessibility is pertinent to community development. The ease of accessibility of healthcare to the community has a positive impact on the members of the community and by extension serves as a factor for community development. This study was conducted to determine the factors affecting healthcare accessibility in relation to community development in the Arougba and Evbuotubu communities of Benin City, Edo State. The specific objectives were to examine the physical, financial, and administrative accessibility of healthcare facilities, as well as to investigate the awareness of healthcare utilization among residents. The study adopted a descriptive and correlational survey research design. The population of the study was 18,223 residents of Arougba and Evbuotubu communities of Benin City. The sample size was determined by the Yamane (1967) formular as 391.Structured questionnaire was the research instrument. Pearson’s correlation was used to test the hypothetical relationships between the dimensions of accessibility and community development. The findings indicated that physical accessibility (r = -0.341, p < 0.01) and financial accessibility (r = -0.518, p < 0.01) have significant negative relationships with community development, driven by deplorable road conditions and high out-of-pocket costs that strain household budgets. On the other hand, administrative accessibility (r = 0.528, p < 0.01) and awareness of utilisation (r = 0.691, p < 0.01) were found to have significant positive impacts on development. The study concludes that while the community is wellinformed and administratively supported, structural and economic barriers remain the primary inhibitors of progress. Consequently, the study recommends that the government prioritise road rehabilitation and implement inclusive health insurance schemes to reduce financial burdens and enhance the overall utilization of healthcare facilities for sustainable community development.

Financial crimes pose a major challenge to Nigeria’s economic stability, affecting investment, governance, and public trust in financial institutions. This study examines the types, causes, and effects of financial crimes, with a focus on money laundering, fraud, and corruption. It also explores the role of economic, institutional, technological, and regulatory factors in driving financial crimes. A descriptive survey research design was employed, using a structured questionnaire to collect data. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between financial crimes and its underlying causes. The findings reveal that economic hardship, weak institutional governance, technological vulnerabilities, and regulatory inefficiencies significantly contribute to financial crimes in Nigeria. Among these, economic factors (β = 0.432, p = 0.000) had the strongest influence, followed by institutional weaknesses (β = 0.389, p = 0.000), regulatory inefficiencies (β = 0.317, p = 0.000), and technological factors (β = 0.278, p = 0.000). The high R² value (0.659) confirms that these factors collectively explain a substantial portion of financial crimes in the country. The study concludes that financial crimes reduce foreign direct investment (FDI), weaken financial institutions, and hinder economic development. To combat these issues, it recommends strengthening economic policies, improving institutional governance, enhancing cybersecurity measures, and enforcing stricter financial regulations. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and financial regulators in developing more effective strategies to curb financial crimes and promote economic stability in Nigeria