2021

The study investigated premarital sex among secondary school students in Egor Local Government Area, Edo State. To guide this study, five research questions were raised and they were all answered. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The population of study was 5,373 respondents in Egor Local Government Area, Edo State.
The study adopted a descriptive survey design, 250 respondents were randomly selected from 5,373 students which was the population of the study. The instrument used in collecting the data was questionnaire. The data collected was analysed using a simple percentage.
The study revealed that premarital sex among secondary school students can lead to poor academic performance, various forms of sexually transmitted diseases, unwanted pregnancies and death. Thus, parents should educate their children about sex at early age. Health educators should organise awareness campaign in order to provide adequate reproductive health information to students.

This study was carried out to investigate the use of contraceptives among female students of University of Benin, Benin City. Four research questions were raised in the study, The study was a descriptive research which adopted the survey research design . The descriptive survey design was adopted in this study. The population of the study comprises of the (19,288) female undergraduate students in the 14 faculties in the University of Benin. Using random sampling technique, one percent of the total pollution, that is, one hundred and forty three (143) female undergraduate students in 7 faculties across University of Benin were sampled for the study. Descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage were used in the data analysis of the study. The questionnaire was validated by two experts and the researcher’s supervisor and test retest method was used to establish reliability of which it's coefficient was 0.89 ascertaining the reliability of the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage were used in the data analysis of the study The findings revealed that; Proportion of female students using contraception 13 in University of Benin is 63.6 %. Three most commonly used contraceptive among female students of University of Benin are emergency contraceptive pills, oral pills and withdrawal method. It was recommended among others that; Consistent use of regular contraceptives and condoms should be emphasized to reduce not only unplanned pregnancies but also sexually transmitted diseases and Government, individuals, philanthropic organizations and Non-governmental organizations should fully participate and increase funding and logistic support to ensure that sensitization of contraceptive use cover every nooks and crannies of University
campuses.

This study investigated the influence of regular physical activity and exercise on undergraduates in the Faculty of Education, University of Benin. It was a descriptive survey that employed qualitative and quantitative survey approach in analyzing data. The main problem of the study was that students appear to face numerous barriers to becoming physically active. Five (5) research questions were raised to guide the study with one hypothesis tested. The significance of the study from the results, shows that students will be exposed to the vulnerability of physical inactivity and the consequences it has on the academic life of undergraduates. The (sample of the study was 200 selected from 400 level undergraduate students of a total population of 1.852 during the study year in the Faculty of Education, University of Benin). Questionnaire was used as instrument to collect data. The Cronbach alpha co-efficient was used to determine the dependability of the instrument and the reliability of co-efficient was found to be 0.76 which was considered satisfactory for establishing the reliability of the instrument. The statistical techniques used to analyze data collected were frequencies and percentages. An independent t-test was also used to test the hypothesis. The results showed among others that, lack of physical activity and exercise contributed to poor academic outcome and disposition. The recommendation therefore was that, fitness clubs that will engage these students in physical activity and exercise are to be provided to make them have easy access to facilities/equipment that would augment regular physical activity and thereby subsequently improving their fitness level towards the pursuance of their academic goal in the university

Introduction: Antibiotics have played monumental role in the control and management of infectious disease since their discovery, saved lives of countless patients and improved patient care in general. However, antibiotic misuse and unnecessary use of antibiotics contributes to the process of antibiotic resistance, which is considered a global concern.The population plays an important role in abuse or irrational use of antibiotics and spread of bacterial resistance.
Aim of Study: To assess the public perception towards the use of antibiotics.
Methods: A cross sectional 20 - item questionnaire survey involving a convenience sample of 611 individuals was conducted in Benin City and Lagos State. The questionnaire consists of two sections; the first section comprises of socio-demographic data including age, gender, occupational status, educational level, marital status, monthly income. The second section consists of 20 items which collected data about perception towards antibiotics use. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS version 21 and inferential analysis was carried out using GraphPadInstant version 3.10.
Results: From this study, a total of 611 respondents participated out of which 602 questionnaires were completed appropriately therefore giving a high response rate of 98.5%.Those who were students had a higher perception of 69.88 ± 11.60 compared to those who were self-employed (63.52 ± 10.28) while respondents with a tertiary level of education had a better perception (70.37 ± 11.72) compared to those with a secondary level of education or lower. Older respondents had a high perception towards the use of antibiotics however in comparison to more than half of the respondents who were females; male respondents had a better perception towards the use of antibiotics. None of the items loaded had values < 0.4 which indicates their adequate contribution to the summary scores.
Conclusion
This study revealed that occupational status and educational level of respondents was significantly associated with perception towards antibiotic use.

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this project titled “illustrations of measurement while drilling, weight on bit and torque on drilling performance” is to increase drilling efficiency in directional wells, peaks and troughs are characteristic of the nature of the oil and gas industry. With current prices hovering just above $60 per barrel (Bloomberg, 2019), it has never been a better time to increase the efficiency of the drilling process.
This research focuses on the control of surface parameters to understand vibrations in directional wells; this paper discusses actual cases where the use of data from these downhole sensors has improved drilling performance
In conclusion to this research parameters such as WOB and RPM were varied and their effects on depth drilled, response torque, ROP, MSE were studied for vertical well configuration and directional well configurations.

ABSTRACT
Waste disposal has become one of the major concerns for our Country, Nigeria. Fruit peels are the major solid by-product. The dried fruit peels have a content of cellulose and hemicelluloses, which make it suitable as fermentation substrate when hydrolyzed. This thesis aims at utilizing fruit (pineapple) peels for the production of bio-ethanol by using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, thus, producing a valuable product from the fruit peel wastes. The pineapple waste is collected and weighed. This is then grinded, mixed with about 2 litres of water and then filtered. The filtrate is heated on the stove for 5-6hours in which sugar syrup is obtained.
After this, fermentation process takes place which involve introducing 10ml of the yeast into the mixture and mixing with 100ml of water. The water is first boiled at 100°c for 30 minutes after which it was allowed to cool to around 37°c.
Finally, distillation process is being carried out. The cold mash is put into the combustion chamber and heat is applied from a stove and a copper pipe connected through the condenser Chamber, thermometer, and cork fitted to the collection chamber. Re-distillation is carried out to increase the ethanol content.

There has been a notable increase in the use of herbal medicine over the past twenty years. Moreover, there is still a tremendous lap of proper research data in the field of traditional herbal medicine. Enantiachloranthais a plant belonging to the Annonacoae family. Its common name is Africa Yellow Wood. It contains some phytochemicals which confer anti-diabetic properties. The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-diabetic and anti- inflammatory effects of Enantiachlorantha stem bark on STZ induced type 2 diabetes in adult wistar rats. Forty-nine (49)male Wister rats of 170-180g weight were used for this experiment. They were grouped into seven groups; Group 1 (Normal control), Group 2 (HFD+STZ), Group 3(HFD+STZ+ metformin 500mg/kg bwt), Group 4 (HFD +STZ+ 200mg/kg bwt crude hydro-ethanol extract), Group 5 (HFD + STZ+ 400mg/kg bwt crude hydroethanol extract), Group 6 (HFD + STZ+ 200mg/kg bwt ethyl-acetate fraction), Group 7 (HFD+STZ+ 400mg/kg bwt ethyl-acetate fraction). The results showed a marked decrease in blood glucose level in thr treated groups. Rats administered the extract crude and ethyl acetate fractions showed high expression of Nrf-2.In group 4, at 200 mg/kg body weight of thereextract crude and ethyl acetate fractions was increased activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme.This study concluded that Enantiachloranthahas positive anti-diabetic and anti- inflammatoryeffects.

Inflammation is a reaction of a living vascularized tissue to an injury. Conventional or synthetic drugs used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases are available. However, there is paucity of information on the use of herbal medicine in the treatment of inflammation. The present study is aimed at evaluating the effects of aqueous extract of Altona Boonie on formalin-induced hepatic necrosis in male Wistar rats, using liver enzyme parameters. This study was done using 90 male Wistar rats. The animals were divided into 6 groups and 12 subgroups each comprising of 5 animals for the various plant extracts; leaf, stem bark and root bark, and treated accordingly: Normal control, formalin with A. Boonie extract (150mg/kg b w), formalin with A. Boonie extract (300mg/kg b w), formalin with A. Boonie extract (600mg/kg b w); group 5 (test group) received 5mg/kg, p. o of indomethacin and 300mg/kg b w extract only. After the experimental period of 10 days, the animals were sacrificed and the blood samples were collected and the biochemical analyses were carried out. The activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase-5 were measured using standard colorimetric methods. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and a P-value of <0.05 was considered significant. It was observed that there was a significant increase (p<0.05) in serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase 5 in the leaf, stem bark and root bark extract compared with the control group. Serum alkaline 12 phosphatase had no significant increase in the root bark extract compared to the control. In this study, it was observed that the aqueous extract of A. Boonie is effective against chronic inflammation in a dose-related manner. However, the present study suggests that the extract is toxic in high doses and longer dosage regimen. To minimize the toxicity, more toxicity studies should be carried out to understand more about the toxic effects of the plant on the live

The study empirically examined the relationship between poverty and maternal mortality rate. The Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root test was employed to test for the order of integration of the series. It was found to be stationary at first and second differences. Then the Johansen Co-integration technique was employed to determine if there is long run relationship between the dependent and independent variables of the model. Furthermore, the Vector Error Correction Mechanism technique (VECM) was used to estimate the regression coefficients and to correct for any disequilibrium between the short run and long run dynamics of the model. The short run and long run version of the model were specified. Results showed that, poverty was correctly signed and was statistically significant. The study therefore recommends, among others, that measures should be taken to curb maternal mortality and alleviate poverty.

Costume is a very important aspect of the people cultural identity. It is one amongst others ways you can identify the culture and personality of the wearers. It function serves more than covering of the body, it is a unique identity that is particular to the people it is identifying. The researcher observed that costume is not mere a fashion but rather as an indispensable tools in cultural reflection thereby showing its element of culture and a means of identifying class, status, group, position, as well as religion. This research is aimed at examining the traditional Benin society, in general and studies the costume use at 2016 coronation ceremony in particular. The research method adopted in carrying out this study is qualitative method of research, using pictorial representation and analyses. The findings of the study reveals that costumes communicate meaning and beauty of the Benin people and it reflect their social, status, and cultural heritage, it therefore recommends that there should be a platform where citizens especially youth should be educated about the significance of costume in cultural practices.