2021

This study examined the perception of Uniben students on the role of social media in the fight against corruption in Nigeria. It analyses how the social media is functional as a tool that gives citizens of a geographical area the opportunity to act proactively against corruption by serving as a platform through which citizens could publicly identifyloopholes that exist in the system. The objective of this research includes to find out if the social media helps tackle corruption and how often issues of corruption have been exposed on social media. The researcher employed survey research methodology of which questionnaires were served to respondents to generate details for this research. With the data gathered for the research, findings revealed that issues of corruption are usually exposed by the social media with 55% of respondents who affirmed that they have seen issues of corruption being exposed online before. Also, 58% of the respondents supports that social media helps to tackle corruption while 59% of the total respodents agree to the fact that social media exposes ills and irregularities in government. With findings from this research work, it was concluded that social media is a viable tool for fight against corruption because it provides an opportunity for political participation and freedom of expression compared to the traditional media.

The study investigated credit risk management and deposit money bank performance
in Nigeria utilizing panel data from ten (10) conveniently sampled deposit money banks for a
period of 5 years (2014 to 2018). The rationale for the present study is predicated on the fact
that risk is a critical consideration for every decision of deposit money banks and also a
major determinant of their performance. The study employed the Ordinary Least Squares techniques on variables such as
loans and advances (LAA), non-performing loans (NPL), capital adequacy ratio (CAR) and
return on assets (ROA). The study showed evidence that loans and advances (LAA) and
capital adequacy ratio (CAR) had a positive and statistically significant relationship with the
performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria, while non-performing loans (NPL) had a
negative and statistically insignificant relationship with the performance of deposit money
banks in Nigeria. The study recommends among others that, management needs to be cautious in
setting up a credit policy that will not negatively affect the operations of their banks in order
to ensure judicious utilization of deposits and maximization of profit. Also, the study
recommends that Nigerian Government need to ensure adequate energy facilities should be
embraced in the different sectors of the Nigerian economy as well as promoting energy- efficient products and appropriate practices at the side of the end users and energy
generation. Furthermore, CBN for policy making purpose should regularly assess the lending
attitudes of deposit money banks and effective cash management policies to avoid insolvency
in the financial system. Also, to increase credit volume, the interest rate policy must be
considered within the frame of economic circumstances of the time for low interest rate does
facilitate quick repayment and drastically minimize debt failure. Finally, determining the
credit worthiness of a customer whether individual or corporate organization must be
carefully planned. A rush into the approval of loan without sourcing adequate and relevant
information on the prospective borrowers must be avoided if the bank wishes to circumvent
delays in the recovery of debt.

Intellectual property rights (IPR) refers to the ideas, inventions, and creative expressions based on which there is a public willingness to bestow the status of property. IPR provide certain exclusive rights to the inventors or creators of that property, in order to enable them to reap commercial benefits from their creative efforts or reputation. There are several types of intellectual property protection like patent, copyright, trademark, etc. Patent is recognition for an invention, which satisfies the criteria of global novelty, non- obviousness, and industrial application. IPR is prerequisite for better identification, planning, commercialization, rendering, and thereby protection of invention or creativity. Each industry should evolve its own IPR policies, management style, strategies, and so on depending on its area of specialty. Pharmaceutical industry currently has an evolving IPR strategy requiring a better focus and approach in the coming era. This work will focus on The Role of Intellectual Property in the Pharmaceutical Industry, critically examining how it has been structured to protect investments, time, money, effort invested by the inventor/creator of an IP, since it grants the inventor/ creator an exclusive right for a certain period of time for use of his invention/creation. Thus IPR, in this way aids the economic development of a country by promoting healthy competition and encouraging industrial development and economic growth. In conducting this research, the researcher will employ the doctrinal research method. This method was considered appropriate because it explains the law through primary internal evidence offered by case law, statutes, and materials derived from both primary and secondary sources.

ABSTRACT
This study was designed to investigate challenges of women participation in functional literacy programmes in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State. In to achieve this purpose; the following research questions were raised to guide the study:
The study adopted the descriptive survey type of research design and the major instruments used for data collection was the questionnaire. The questionnaire was validated and the reliability was determined through test-retest method. The data collected were presented in frequency count and percentage for all the four (4) research questions examined. A total of one hundred (100) women participants that is twenty (20) women were selected from five (5) skills training or acquisition centres in the area through purposive sampling techniques.
The findings of the study revealed that there are functional adult education programmes in Ovia North East Local Government Area, the programmes are of different types and there is a lack of awareness of adult educational programmes. It was recommended that, more awareness should be created by way of publicity in the various media outlet using jingles, and other forms of advertisement that more women can be aware that such programmes exist. There is a need to site more adult education centres in the various communities in Warri North-East Local Government Area of Delta State to enable women in such location participate. The scope of skills/programmes available in adult education centres should be broadened to accommodate a variety that can cater for the need and interest of would be participants. These factors have the power to sustain participation in any individual.

Medicinal plants have been used to treat diseases all across the world for thousands of years. The methanolic extract of powdered leaves of Carica papaya, Laurus nobilis, and Gongronema latifolium were subjected to phytochemical screening and antioxidants activity assays. The presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, and tannins in methanol extract was revealed by phytochemical screening. The leaf extract of Carica papaya showed the presence of the
flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, phenols, steroids, terpernoids, saponnis, but quinones were absent. Laurus nobilis was found to contain flavonoids, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, steroids, alkaloids, phenols, quinones but terpernoids were absent. Gongronema latifolium was found to contain tannins, saponins, terpernoids, alkaloids, quinones, but steroids, phenols, cardiac glycosides, phenols, steroids, flavonoids were absent. The EC50 value of the DPPH radical scavenging activities shows that Bay leaf (0.586± 0.049µg/ml) has the highest radical scavenging activity followed by Pawpaw leaf (0.685± 0.012µg/ml), and Utazi leaf (0.896± 0.104µg/ml). The Phosphomolybdate assay shows that Utazi (0.619±0.012 μg/ml) >Pawpaw (0.752± 0.166μg/ml) and Bay (0.816± 0.094 μg/ml). Hydrogen peroxide: Pawpaw leaf>Utazi leaf >Bay leaf respectively. Reducing power for Pawpaw leaf >Bay leaf >Utazi leaf which had the lowest value. The total flavonoid content shows that Bay leaf (0.053± 0.010mg/gQE) has the highest total flavonoids content followed by Pawpaw leaf (0.233±0.012mg/gQE) and Utazi leaf (0.051± 0.008mg/gQE). The total phenolic content shows that Bay leaf0.145± 0.021mg/gGAE, have the highest total phenolic content followed by Pawpaw leaf 0.055±0.015mg/gGAE, and Utazi leaf 0.041±0.003mg/gGAE. These results show a non-statistical significant difference (p>0.05) in antioxidants activities of Pawpaw leaf, Bay leaf, Utazi leafs and standard antioxidant activity. It also shows that leaves of utazi, pawpaw and bay possess significant phytochemicals and antioxidant activity.

This essay seeks to combat social inequalities through the poetry of Tanure Ojaide and Niyi Osundare through protest, empowerment and mass mobilization. Both poets through their collection of poems express dissatisfaction over the socio economic situation among the rural dwellers which has eaten deep in the rural areas and made unemployment to be hundred percent guarantee and the well being of the people difficult. This essay seek to redress so many issues like embezzling of the public funds, causing social inequalities, lack of infrastructure etc these has been the issues with the rural people for a very long while and it is still very much around us till date. Also corruption is another ill constantly impeding the growth and development in Africa communities. The research method applied in this long essay is a qualitative research method as findings from the studies and other secondary material from dictionaries, journals, internets etc.., indicates that, all Africans are basically facing discriminations as blacks. Also the theoryadopted for this essay is the social inequalities theory

This study investigates the incidents and causes of child abuse and negligence of pupils in public
pre-primary schools in Oredo Local Government Area. This was a view to determine incidents and
causes of child abuse and negligence of pupils in public pre-primary schools. Three research questions
were raised. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design. The checklist titled Incidents
and causes of child abuse and negligence of pupils in public pre-primary schools in Oredo LGA” was
used for the study. A total of fifty teachers were randomly drawn from five pre-primary schools. A
checklist was used to collect the data. The data were analysed using Frequency table, simple percentage
rank order. The result from the study revealed that the incidents and causes of child abuse and
negligence of pupils.

The study examined the problems of teaching Social Studies in junior secondary schools in Oredo LGA, Benin City. The purpose of the study was to determine the methods used in teaching Social Studies in junior secondary schools, the quality of teachers, the factors militating against the successful teaching of Social Studies and the ways of improving it. Four research questions were formulated. However, scope and delimitation of the study covers Social Studies teachers in public schools in Oredo LGA, Edo State.
The research design used was field survey, the population for the study consisted of Social Studies teachers in the study area. A sample size of eighty teachers was randomly drawn from the entire population of the study. The research instrument that was used to collect data was structured questionnaire which undergo face and content validation. Pearson product moment co-relational statistics was used to test the reliability of the instrument and co-efficient of 0.83 was obtained. While the data obtained was analysed with chart and simple percentage.
Findings show that Social Studies teachers usually use lecture method of teaching, that most of the teachers teaching Social Studies are not trained Social Studies teachers rather they are teacher specialized on other subjects. It also reveals that lack of instructional material, inappropriate method of teaching, lack of resource centres in the school environment, lack of seminars and workshop for teachers, inappropriate structuring of Social Studies curriculum are the major problems of teaching Social Studies. It was recommended that government should endeavour to provide the necessary instructional materials and conduct trainings and workshop for teachers at interval in order to mitigate these problems.

The study investigated audience assessment of the challenges affecting Edo
Broadcasting Service in Edo State. The study became necessary arising from the
fact that Broadcast station has so many challenges that affect them. This study
was anchored on the postulation of social responsibility and libertarian theories. Descriptive survey design was employed with the aid of 11 items questionnaires. The sample size of this study constituted 400 Edo State residents selected
through proportional stratified technique. The sample reflected and represented
Edo state residents. Data obtained were analyzed and presented with the aid of
frequency tables, simple percentages and mean scores. It was discovered that the
average respondent indicated that the EBS suffers human resource deficits, political pressure, poor welfare packages and lack of equipment for broadcasting
in EBS. Also the study found out that that average audience considers the
effectiveness of EBS is being hampered by political interference, welfare
shortfalls, and poor management. Respondents are of the opinion that resolving
the challenges of EBS would require that the Edo state government sells its stake
in the station and government should invest heavily in training the workforce of
EBS. In the light of these observation the study recommends the need for
government to carry out an inventory of the stock of human capital in the EBS.

Effluent treatment plants (ETPs) are common worldwide and a necessary step to improve the quality of wastewater before it is discharged to surface or groundwater and re-enters water supplies. Adequate water resource protection is critical as freshwater systems provide multiple environmental services such as supporting numerous species, supplying water for drinking and irrigation, and assimilating wastes through a biotic/biotic cycling. An effluent treatment plant is a system consisting of mechanical, chemical and biological devices and methods for the purpose of bringing the characteristics of waste water from a manufacturing process, to acceptable standard. Various stages of effluent treatment plants include the following which are influent pit, equalization tank, sequential batch reactor, buffer tank and clear water tank. Wastewater standards are specifications of the biological, chemical and physical quality of the wastewater that is produced by a treatment. These regularly comprise of allowable chemical oxygen demand (COD), Total suspended solids (TSS), Total nitrogen (TN), phosphorus (P), Conductivity, and PH. which indicates the municipal and industrial discharged standards, as well as the by-laws. The effluent treatment plant has a high potential of removing key pollutants and could be used for better treatment of wastewater managed properly