BANKING AND FINANCE

The study investigates the effect of risk management and investment rate risk on the performance of insurance industry in Nigeria for the period 1991 to 2021. The cointegration analysis and the fully modified ordinary least squared (FMOLS) econometric analysis was employed. The findings from the analysis showed that insurance premium risk (PREMR) and claims settlement risk (CLAIMSR) have insignificant positive relationship with the performance of the Nigerian insurance industry; Insurance penetration risk (PER) and inflation rate risk have significant positive impact on insurance industry performance; while investment rate risk (INVR) has significant negative impact on performance. The study recommends that management and relevant policy makers should formulate the right policy that will deliberately encourage the rate of investment among investors in the industry and by so doing, it will help to minimize the associated negative risks. In addition, the government and relevant regulatory authorities of insurance firms in Nigeria should evolve a multifaceted approach to risk management in order to derive greater benefits from their risk management.

This project examines the intricate relationship between interest rates, exchange rates, and their combined effect on the profitability of financial institutions, with a primary focus on banks. The study employs comprehensive data analysis and regression models to evaluate how fluctuations in interest rates and exchange rates influence the financial performance of banks. It also investigates the strategies and risk management techniques employed by banks to navigate these dynamic economic variables. The findings of this research contribute to a better understanding of the challenges and opportunities banks face in a global financial landscape characterized by changing interest rates and exchange rates, thereby aiding financial institutions in making informed decisions to enhance their profitability

This study investigates the impact of the Nigerian Society and Total Assets of Life
Insurance Companies in Nigeria applying the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares
(FMOLS) technique using panel data from 2007 to 2021. Total assets of life insurance
companies(TALIC) is the dependent variable and level of savings, level of savings, inflation were the independent variable. A major funding is that there is a significant
positive relationship between the Nigerian Society and Total Assets of Life Insurance
Companies. The study recommends that Nigerian society should evolve and implement
policies for savings, income and inflation in order to increase its positive influence on
total assets of life insurance companies

The focus of this study is to investigate insurance education and the demand for life insurance in Nigeria. The study objectively determines the extent to which awareness creation enhance consumers’ patronage of insurance policies and the level of insurance education in Nigeria. The data for the study was collected using structured questionnaires administered to the target respondents. Data was analyses using descriptive statistics and the ordinary least square regression analysis techniques in testing the formulated hypotheses. The findings revealed that awareness creation enhances consumers’ patronage of insurance policies; there is an above average level of insurance education in Nigeria; there is a significant positive relationship between insurance education and the demand for life insurance; and there is also a statistical significant relationship between insurance education and insurance buying behaviour of consumers. In line with the findings, the study recommends among others that: there should be adequate sensitization on the need for people to take up insurance policies for their own good or for the wellbeing of their loved ones; insurance education should be a subject in both primary and secondary schools in Nigeria for people to have early knowledge on the need and benefits of insurance before they reach adulthood; and that insurance agencies should make insurance policies appealing and less cumbersome for those who intend to purchase an insurance package.

This study examined the determinants of bank liquidity in Nigeria. The indicators investigated are non-performing loan, net interest margin, cash reserve ratio, monetary policy rate and capital adequacy ratio. Thirteen (13) banks listed in the Nigerian
Exchange limited were investigated. Data for the study were collected from annual report of the listed banks, the Central Bank of Nigerian statistical bulletin for the period 2010 to 2021. The difference generalised method of moment was applied on dynamic model to e indicators on bank liquidity. The E-view 9.0 computer software was used for the analysis. This study found that cash reserve ratio, monetary policy rate and capital adequacy ratio are significant determinants of bank liquidity in Nigeria, and recommends bank managers should pay devoted attention to monetary policy regulatory instruments especially cash reserve ratio and monetary policy rate because of their effect on bank liquidity. Also, that bank managers should ensure they have adequate capital because high capital is a potential booster of bank liquidity

This study investigates the impacts of macroeconomic factors on the performance of the non-life insurance industry in Nigeria. It specifically examines the impact of inflation, exchange rates and interest rates on the performance of non-life insurance businesses. The research covers the period from 2015 to 2021, focusing on 20 non-life insurance companies operating in Nigeria. The panel ordinary least square (OLS) method was used to examine the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The study reveals that inflation rate, interest rate, exchange rate and GDP have a strong impact on the performance of nonlife insurance firms in Nigeria. It is therefore recommended that the industry must adapt to prevailing macroeconomic
conditions and innovate to introduce new products and services

The study investigated credit risk management and deposit money bank performance
in Nigeria utilizing panel data from ten (10) conveniently sampled deposit money banks for a
period of 5 years (2014 to 2018). The rationale for the present study is predicated on the fact
that risk is a critical consideration for every decision of deposit money banks and also a
major determinant of their performance. The study employed the Ordinary Least Squares techniques on variables such as
loans and advances (LAA), non-performing loans (NPL), capital adequacy ratio (CAR) and
return on assets (ROA). The study showed evidence that loans and advances (LAA) and
capital adequacy ratio (CAR) had a positive and statistically significant relationship with the
performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria, while non-performing loans (NPL) had a
negative and statistically insignificant relationship with the performance of deposit money
banks in Nigeria. The study recommends among others that, management needs to be cautious in
setting up a credit policy that will not negatively affect the operations of their banks in order
to ensure judicious utilization of deposits and maximization of profit. Also, the study
recommends that Nigerian Government need to ensure adequate energy facilities should be
embraced in the different sectors of the Nigerian economy as well as promoting energy- efficient products and appropriate practices at the side of the end users and energy
generation. Furthermore, CBN for policy making purpose should regularly assess the lending
attitudes of deposit money banks and effective cash management policies to avoid insolvency
in the financial system. Also, to increase credit volume, the interest rate policy must be
considered within the frame of economic circumstances of the time for low interest rate does
facilitate quick repayment and drastically minimize debt failure. Finally, determining the
credit worthiness of a customer whether individual or corporate organization must be
carefully planned. A rush into the approval of loan without sourcing adequate and relevant
information on the prospective borrowers must be avoided if the bank wishes to circumvent
delays in the recovery of debt.

The study is set to investigate capital structure and performance of oil and gas companies in Nigeria, by employing various indicators such as return on equity (ROE) short-term debt ratio (STDR), long term debt ratio (LTDR), total debt ratio (TDR) and total debt to equity ratio (TDER). The data used for the study were sourced from the NSE fact book 2021 and annual financial reports of the purposefully selected quoted Manufacturing firms on Nigerian Exchange Limited (NGX) for the period 2014-2023 (10years). The study adopted the Panel Least Squares estimation technique for all the series employed. The findings of the study revealed that long term debt (LTDR), short term debt (STDR), and total debts (TDR) are positively related to financial performance (ROE) of manufacturing firms. Furthermore, long term debt ratio and total debt ratio (that is leverage) are significantly related to manufacturing firms’ financial performance (ROE). In addition, short term debt ratio and total-debt equity ratio have no significant influence on manufacturing firms’ financial performance. While, short debt has positive influence on manufacturing firms’ financial performance, total debt-equity ratio has a negative influence on performance. Hence, long term debt rather than short term debt and debt- equity ratio is the significant determinant of financial performance (ROE) of manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The study recommends that the managers of the nation’s manufacturing firms should strive to boost return to equity owners by increasing theirs use of debts, particularly long term debts in their capital structure in order to promote the growth of their corporate organizations. Also, reasonable use of long-term debts, as needed to finance expansion of manufacturing firms infrastructures and other investments, recommended in order to avoid the financial risk of default and possible bankruptcy.

The study examined the influence of carbon footprint on Economic Growth (EG) of selected
African countries. Quarterly time series data and panel data of five (5) African countries from
1980 to 2023 were sourced from the World Bank Development Index (WBDI) database. Statistical techniques of descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, stationarity test, cointegration test, Error Correction Model (ECM) and panel Vector Error Correction Model
(VECM) were employed to analyse the data. Findings show that four (4) out of five countries
traded-off Economic Growth to reduce carbon emissions in the long run. Thus, EKC
(Environmental Kuznet Curve) proposition is confirmed in these countries (Nigeria, Algeria, Libya, and Egypt). Also, electricity consumption, human capital, and trade openness are
significant channels via which renewable energy technology may affect the countries’ Economic Growth, although in different magnitude. In Africa, Economic Growth must be
traded-off in the long run to reduce the quantum of consumption carbon emission (CO2) in
the long run. Only trade openness is identified as a significant conduit via which renewable
energy technology impact the region’s Economic Growth. From the foregoing analysis, the
study concludes that better EKC hypothesis practice and favourable trade openness is a useful
tool for preventing environmental degradation process and promoting economic growth and
development in Africa.