2021

Digital fabrication technology, also referred to as 3D printing or additive manufacturing, creates physical objects from a geometrical representation by successive addition of materials. 3D printing technology is a fast-emerging technology. Nowadays, 3D Printing is widely used in the world. 3D printing technology increasingly used for the mass customization, production of any types of open source designs in the field of agriculture, in healthcare, automotive industry, locomotive industry and aviation industries. 3D printing
technology can print an object layer by layer deposition of material directly. This study is on 3D printing, it is different from traditional manufacturing processes that shape products through milling, grinding etc. Instead, with additive manufacturing, layers are added to a product. This allows for three dimensional manufacturing and limited scrap. Additive manufacturing has been viewed by many as a disruptive innovation for society because it allows consumers to manufacture their own products. The current status of 3D printers will be provided together with an analysis of the main producers such as Makerbot and Ultimaker (consumer markets) and Stratasys and 3D Systems (industrial markets), their models and their current capabilities and overall adoption. It is concluded that additive manufacturing is experiencing high growth but that, in particular for industrial applications, it is not yet competitive with traditional manufacturing systems. This project explores the use of 3D printing technology to create a figurine of a football player for games like Udosen's soccer game. A 3D modeling software was used to design the figurine, which was then 3D printed using a 3D printer. The finished figurine was detailed and accurately represented the chosen football player. The project demonstrated the capabilities of 3D printing in the realm of sports and athletics and highlighted the potential for creating personalized and unique collectibles and displays using this technology. To create a 3D printed player figurine for Udosen's soccer board game, one can start by designing the model using 3D modeling software such a Blender. The design can then be exported as a 3D printable file, such as an STL file, which is then loaded into our Creality 3D printer. Once the 3D model was complete, it was then necessary to prepare the model for printing and to set up the 3D printer in order to begin the printing process. This involved selecting the appropriate filament material and setting the printing parameters in order to achieve the desired results. The printing process itself took several hours depending on the size and complexity of the model. Overall, the project required a combination of technical skills, attention to detail, and problem-solving in order to achieve a successful outcome. The printer then prints the model layer by layer, using a variety of materials, including plastic, resin. In addition to the technical aspects of 3D printing, the project also involved a significant amount of research and planning. It was necessary to gather reference images and information about the chosen football player in order to create an accurate and detailed 3D model. The design process involved making decisions about the features and details to include in the figurine and required careful attention to proportion and detail. One of the main advantages of 3D printing is its ability to produce highly detailed and accurate models, which makes it perfect for creating custom figurines for board games like Udosen's
soccer board game. In addition, 3D printing allows for easy customization, enabling players to create unique player profiles that reflect their individual playing style. Using a 3D printer and 5g of filament, we were able to print a set of player figurines in 35 minutes that are lightweight, durable, and accurately represent the players on the field. The total cost of printing these figurines was 108.89 Nigerian Naira, making it an affordable and costeffective way to enhance the overall gaming experience. In conclusion, the use of 3D printing technology in the Udosen’s Soccer Board Game is a game-changer. It adds a new level of excitement and immersion to the game and is an affordable way to enhance the gaming experience. At a cost of 108.89 Nigerian Naira and using only 5g of filament, it is a cost-effective way to produce high-quality player figurines that are both durable and visually appealing

The amount of sunlight that strikes the earth’s surface in an hour and a half is enough to handle the entire world’s energy consumption for a full year. Solar Power Technology is one of the major types of green and renewable energy. They are used to convert sunlight into electrical energy either through photovoltaic (PV) panels or through mirrors that concentrate solar radiation. This energy can be used to generate electricity or be stored in batteries or thermal storage. This project is titled “The Design of a Standalone Solar Power System for Four Offices in Electrical/Electronic Department”. The project aims to design and install a Standalone Solar system to provide power supply for the critical loads present in four offices in Electrical/Electronic department, University of Benin. The methodology employed in this project was to calculate and estimate the electrical loads and
critical loads in the four offices in Electrical/Electronic department, the sizing and installation of solar panels, batteries, inverter and charge controller, and lastly the test results and maintenance procedures carried out after the installation. This PV system consist of 3.5KVA 220V inverter at 50Hz which incorporates 14 300W-Solar panels all connected in parallel, 2 deep cycle batteries rated 200Ah, 12V connected in series and a 12V 200Amps charge controller. The system was designed to assess the total electric power demand. During the day the output from the PV charges the batteries and feed the load and when power
failure occurs from the grid, the stored energy in the battery is again supplied back to the load in order to ensure there is always availability of power in the office

Human Rights are commonly understood as inalienable fundamental rights to which a person is inherently entitled simply because he or she is a human being. Right from the evolutionary point of Human Rights, there have been arguments as to its natural existence, also its applicability across places and spaces within the context of their socio-cultural, political, and
economic realities. Thus, the discourse of the Universalism and Cultural Relativism of human rights is one of great controversy in both domestic and international levels. Essentially, most if not all the Human Rights instrument provide that Human Rights are Universal, for instance the provisions of the UDHR1 preamble, which declares itself a ‘standard of achievement for all people’. The cultural relativist argue that human rights or at least certain human rights are a result of Western influence, and as such should not be imposed on other cultures, it promotes the tolerance of other cultures and challenges the universality of human rights. With respect to the subject of gay rights which has provoked a lot of outburst from Africans and the Westerners on its implementation and practice universally. While many Africans consider LGBT as immoral to their culture, the Westerners consider it as part of human rights. This long essay would attempt to distinguish between the universalism and cultural relativism of human rights, and within the context of LGBT rights in Nigeria as a focus, its legislation;
Prohibition and Punishment of LGBT practice, the implication of such in the society, noting that nowhere in sight is the political consensus on LGBT rights equating with human rights in Nigeria.

Digital fabrication technology, also referred to as 3D printing or additive manufacturing, creates physical objects from a geometrical representation by successive addition of materials. 3D printing technology is a fast-emerging technology. Nowadays, 3D Printing is widely used in the world. 3D printing technology increasingly used for the mass customization, production of any types of open source designs in the field of agriculture, in healthcare, automotive industry, locomotive industry and aviation industries. 3D printing technology can print an object layer by layer deposition of material directly. This study is on 3D printing, it is different from traditional manufacturing processes that shape products through milling, grinding etc. Instead, with additive manufacturing, layers are added to a product. This allows for three dimensional manufacturing and limited scrap. Additive manufacturing has been viewed by many as a disruptive innovation for society because it allows consumers to manufacture their own products. The current status of 3D printers will be provided together with an analysis of the main producers such as Makerbot and Ultimaker (consumer markets) and Stratasys and 3D Systems (industrial markets), their models and their current capabilities and overall adoption. It is concluded that additive manufacturing is experiencing high growth but that, in particular for industrial applications, it is not yet competitive with traditional manufacturing systems. This project explores the use of 3D printing technology to create a figurine of a football player for games like Udosen's soccer game. A 3D modeling software was used to design the figurine, which was then 3D printed using a 3D printer. The finished figurine was detailed and accurately represented the chosen football player. The project demonstrated the capabilities of 3D printing in the realm of sports and athletics and highlighted the potential for creating personalized and unique collectibles and displays using this technology. To create a 3D printed player figurine for Udosen's soccer board game, one can start by
designing the model using 3D modeling software such a Blender. The design can then be exported as a 3D printable file, such as an STL file, which is then loaded into our Creality 3D printer. Once the 3D model was complete, it was then necessary to prepare the model for printing and to set up the 3D printer in order to begin the printing process. This involved selecting the appropriate filament material and setting the printing parameters in order to achieve the desired results. The printing process itself took several hours
depending on the size and complexity of the model. Overall, the project required a combination of technical skills, attention to detail, and problem-solving in order to achieve a successful outcome. The printer then prints the model layer by layer, using a variety of materials, including plastic, resin. In
addition to the technical aspects of 3D printing, the project also involved a significant amount of research and planning. It was necessary to gather reference images and information about the chosen football player in order to create an accurate and detailed 3D model. The design process involved making decisions about the features and details to include in the figurine and required careful attention to proportion and detail. One of the main advantages of 3D printing is its ability to produce highly detailed and accurate models, which makes it perfect for creating custom figurines for board games like Udosen's soccer board game. In addition, 3D printing allows for easy customization, enabling players to create unique player profiles that reflect their individual playing style. Using a 3D printer and 5g of filament, we
were able to print a set of player figurines in 35 minutes that are lightweight, durable, and accurately
represent the players on the field. The total cost of printing these figurines was 108.89 Nigerian Naira, making it an affordable and costeffective way to enhance the overall gaming experience. In conclusion, the use of 3D printing technology in the Udosen’s Soccer Board Game is a game-changer. It adds a new level of excitement and immersion to the game and is an affordable way to enhance the gaming experience. At a cost of 108.89 Nigerian Naira and using only 5g of filament, it is a cost-effective way to produce high-quality player figurines that are both durable and visually appealing.

The study was carried to investigate the influence of drug abuse teaching on biology students perception in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State. Two (2) research questions and one (1) hypothesis were raised to guide the study. The method adopted by the researcher is the descriptive survey research design. A review of related literature was carried out. A total of one hundred students in public secondary school in Oredo Local Government Area constituted the population study sample. The instrument used for gathering data from the selected sample was a questionnaire. The reliability of the instrument was established at 0.71 using Cronbach statistics. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics in form of percentages, mean and t-test. The study revealed that, the teaching of drug abuse in the classroom by Biology and publicity of drug abuse and its effects in news and social media have influence on students perception toward drug abuse. The influence of drug abuse teaching on students’ perception has significant difference base on gender. It was recommended that; there is a need to formally incorporate drug teaching and counseling into the academic curriculum of primary and junior secondary
schools since drug abuse as a topic in Biology is taught in secondary school II (SSS II). Government should establish special rehabilitation centres specifically for students who are substance abusers so as to help them continue with their education while undergoing rehabilitation.

This study empirically examined the impact of external debt burden on infrastructural growth in Nigeria from 1981-2018. Being a time series data, and to avoid spurious regression result in our model, a test for stationary of the data using Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test was carried out. The variables; infrastructural growth, domestic debt, external debt, exchange rate, and interest rate were found to be stationary at their first differences. Then, an ARDL Bound Co-integration technique was used to establish if the stationary variables are co-integrated in the long-run. The finding indicates that the variables were found to be co-integrated in the long run. Further, an ARDL was employed to obtain long run coefficients of the respective
regressors. The ARDL result revealed that Domestic Debt (negative impact), Exchange Rate (negative impact), and Interest Rate (positive impact) exerts a
significant influence on infrastructural growth while External Debt (positive impact) was found to be insignificantly related to the growth of infrastructures in Nigeria. It recommends amongst others, that the government should as a matter of priority create more favourable institutional policy and regulatory framework to meet up these challenges. On the whole, there is need for the policymakers to adopt policy framework consistent with availability of external finance that is credibly maintained. Conclusively, infrastructure growth is one of major elements of structural reforms in
developing economy like Nigeria because of its expected large economic and social impact.

This study empirically examined the impact of external debt burden on infrastructural growth in Nigeria from 1981-2018. Being a time series data, and to avoid spurious regression result in our model, a test for stationary of the data using Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test was carried out. The variables; infrastructural growth, domestic debt, external debt, exchange rate, and interest rate were found to be stationary at their first differences. Then, an ARDL Bound Co-integration technique was used to establish if the stationary variables are co-integrated in the long-run. The finding indicates that the variables were found to be co-integrated in the long run. Further, an ARDL was employed to obtain long run coefficients of the respective regressors. The ARDL result revealed that Domestic Debt (negative impact), Exchange Rate (negative impact), and Interest Rate (positive impact) exerts a
significant influence on infrastructural growth while External Debt (positive impact) was found to be insignificantly related to the growth of infrastructures in Nigeria. It recommends amongst others, that the government should as a matter of priority create more favourable institutional policy and regulatory framework to meet up these challenges. On the whole, there is need for the policymakers to adopt policy framework consistent with availability of external finance that is credibly maintained. Conclusively, infrastructure growth is one of major elements of structural reforms in developing economy like Nigeria because of its expected large economic and social impact.

Over the years, feather plucking of birds and pounding of yams of all types and varieties are always done manually without specific attention to the health related challenges associated with such practices. Again, the quality of the processed birds andpounded yam quantity required, were not of interest. Today, the health implications, unit cost of de feathering and pounding, the quality and quantity of processed birds and pounded yam are of interest and paramount importance to farmers. Hence, this work is aimed at designing and manufacturing a dual modernized friendly feather plucking machine and yam pounding machine using
locally available materials. The method adopted for this project work include the selection of appropriate materials, including,
ild steel sheet for framing the machine, stainless steel drum carefully manipulated to form the plucking basin and pounding basin. Other locally made materials used for the construction include, tapered plucking fingers made of rubbers, plastic pipes and
fittings. Also, the desired electric motor to drive the system using appropriate pulleys and belts were selected using appropriate mathematical models. Result showed that at an operating speed of 1440 rpm, birds with average weight of 1.5 kg soaked in water for about 85 degrees Celsius for approximately minute were de feathered in 20 seconds and 2 yam piece of 2kg each pounded at 3 minutes. Other results showed that the weight, temperature of the water, the speed of the motor and the duration of soaking of the bird in water and the weight of yam pounded were all important variables to be addressed to enhance the efficiency of the machine and the quality of both dressed birds and yam pounded.

This study empirically examined the impact of external debt burden on infrastructural growth in Nigeria from 1981-2018. Being a time series data, and to avoid spurious regression result in our model, a test for stationary of the data using Augmented
Dickey-Fuller unit root test was carried out. The variables; infrastructural growth, domestic debt, external debt, exchange rate, and interest rate were found to be stationary at their first differences. Then, an ARDL Bound Co-integration technique was used to establish if the stationary variables are co-integrated in the long-run. The finding indicates that the variables were found to be co-integrated in the long run. Further, an ARDL was employed to obtain long run coefficients of the respective regressors. The ARDL result revealed that Domestic Debt (negative impact), exchange Rate (negative impact), and Interest Rate (positive impact) exerts a significant influence on infrastructural growth while External Debt (positive impact) was found to be insignificantly related to the growth of infrastructures in Nigeria. It recommends amongst others, that the government should as a matter of priority create more favourable institutional policy and regulatory framework to meet up these challenges. On the whole, there is need for the policymakers to adopt policy framework consistent with availability of external finance that is credibly maintained. Conclusively, infrastructure growth is one of major elements of structural reforms in developing economy like Nigeria because of its expected large economic and social impact

This study was carried out to determine the effectiveness of environmental sanitation in the control of malaria. The study is to assess the effectiveness of environmental sanitation in the control of malaria in the Ekosodin community, to examine different measures adopted by the residents of Ekosodin dwellers in the control of malaria, to examine how well the residents practice environmental sanitation in Ekosodin community and to assess the level of effectiveness of environmental sanitation in the control of malaria in Ekosodin community.
Descriptive Survey research design was adopted for the study and a purposive sampling technique was used in selecting the sample population in the rural community. A representative sample ofeighty (80) rural dwellers of the Ekosodin community was chosen for the study. A questionnaire containing twenty (20) items was constructed and administered to the respondents. The results obtained from the data collected from the respondents was analyzed using frequency and mean.
The Result of the study revealed that most Ekosodin residents community have a good knowledge about malaria, they also have low level of practice measures to control mosquito in their surroundings as poor drainage construction, lack of adequate bush clearing were identified to be prevalent.It is therefore recommended that Health education programmers should be organized to enlighten the community members on importance of environmental sanitation practice in the prevention and control of malaria.Community leaders should ensure community participation in environmental sanitation practice in Ekosodin Community.