ENGINEERING

This study investigates the effect of increasing temperature on the rheological properties of water based drilling mud, which is critical for optimizing drilling operations. The rheological properties analyzed include plastic viscosity (PV), yield point (YP), and gel strength (GS), which play a vital role in the performance and efficiency of drilling fluids. As temperature can significantly influence the flow behavior and stability of the drilling mud, understanding these changes is essential for ensuring the mud’s ability to suspend drill cuttings, maintain wellbore stability, and reduce friction during drilling operations. The study examines a temperature range from 100°F to 160°F, reflecting typical downhole temperature conditions encountered during drilling operations. To achieve this, laboratory experiments were conducted on formulated WBM samples subjected to a controlled temperature range. Rheological measurements were taken using a viscometer at various rotational speeds (600, 300, 200, 100, 6, and 3 RPM) to calculate PV, YP, and gel strengths. The results were analyzed using regression analysis in Microsoft Excel to assess the relationship between temperature and each rheological parameter. Data trends and correlation coefficients were used to determine the degree of influence temperature has on each property. The results revealed that increasing temperature had a notable effect on the rheological behavior of the mud. Plastic viscosity showed a decreasing trend with rising temperature, indicating reduced fluid resistance, while the yield point and gel strengths generally declined, suggesting weakened structural integrity of the mud. The regression models demonstrated strong correlations, supporting the reliability of the findings. The study concluded that temperature significantly influences WBM rheology, which must be accounted for in high-temperature drilling environments to maintain mud performance and ensure operational efficiency.

This research examined the optimization of microwave-assisted biodiesel synthesis from neem oil by utilizing a bifunctional catalyst derived from waste cow bone and rice bran. The bifunctional catalyst was developed by combining the acid and basic precursors to facilitate simultaneous esterification and transesterification reaction. Rice bran was carbonized and treated with 1.5 M H₂SO₄ to produce the acid precursor, while cow bone was calcined and treated with 1.5 M KOH to produce the basic precursor. These precursors were then combined incorporating the wet impregnation technique. Neem oil characterization revealed an acid value of 17.67 mg KOH/g, a free fatty acid (FFA) content of 8.835%, a saponification value of 196.35 mg KOH/g and a calculated molecular weight of 941.91 g/mol showing that it is suitable for a high FFA feedstock that requires a bifunctional catalytic approach. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used for process optimization in order evaluate the effects of key reaction variables and identify the ideal conditions for optimizing biodiesel yield.

Digital fabrication technology, also referred to as 3D printing or additive manufacturing, creates physical objects from a geometrical representation by successive addition of materials. 3D printing technology is a fast-emerging technology. Nowadays, 3D Printing is widely used in the world. 3D printing technology increasingly used for the mass customization, production of any types of open source designs in the field of agriculture, in healthcare, automotive industry, locomotive industry and aviation industries. 3D printing
technology can print an object layer by layer deposition of material directly. This study is on 3D printing, it is different from traditional manufacturing processes that shape products through milling, grinding etc. Instead, with additive manufacturing, layers are added to a product. This allows for three dimensional manufacturing and limited scrap. Additive manufacturing has been viewed by many as a disruptive innovation for society because it allows consumers to manufacture their own products. The current status of 3D printers will be provided together with an analysis of the main producers such as Makerbot and Ultimaker (consumer markets) and Stratasys and 3D Systems (industrial markets), their models and their current capabilities and overall adoption. It is concluded that additive manufacturing is experiencing high growth but that, in particular for industrial applications, it is not yet competitive with traditional manufacturing systems. This project explores the use of 3D printing technology to create a figurine of a football player for games like Udosen's soccer game. A 3D modeling software was used to design the figurine, which was then 3D printed using a 3D printer. The finished figurine was detailed and accurately represented the chosen football player. The project demonstrated the capabilities of 3D printing in the realm of sports and athletics and highlighted the potential for creating personalized and unique collectibles and displays using this technology. To create a 3D printed player figurine for Udosen's soccer board game, one can start by designing the model using 3D modeling software such a Blender. The design can then be exported as a 3D printable file, such as an STL file, which is then loaded into our Creality 3D printer. Once the 3D model was complete, it was then necessary to prepare the model for printing and to set up the 3D printer in order to begin the printing process. This involved selecting the appropriate filament material and setting the printing parameters in order to achieve the desired results. The printing process itself took several hours depending on the size and complexity of the model. Overall, the project required a combination of technical skills, attention to detail, and problem-solving in order to achieve a successful outcome. The printer then prints the model layer by layer, using a variety of materials, including plastic, resin. In addition to the technical aspects of 3D printing, the project also involved a significant amount of research and planning. It was necessary to gather reference images and information about the chosen football player in order to create an accurate and detailed 3D model. The design process involved making decisions about the features and details to include in the figurine and required careful attention to proportion and detail. One of the main advantages of 3D printing is its ability to produce highly detailed and accurate models, which makes it perfect for creating custom figurines for board games like Udosen's
soccer board game. In addition, 3D printing allows for easy customization, enabling players to create unique player profiles that reflect their individual playing style. Using a 3D printer and 5g of filament, we were able to print a set of player figurines in 35 minutes that are lightweight, durable, and accurately represent the players on the field. The total cost of printing these figurines was 108.89 Nigerian Naira, making it an affordable and costeffective way to enhance the overall gaming experience. In conclusion, the use of 3D printing technology in the Udosen’s Soccer Board Game is a game-changer. It adds a new level of excitement and immersion to the game and is an affordable way to enhance the gaming experience. At a cost of 108.89 Nigerian Naira and using only 5g of filament, it is a cost-effective way to produce high-quality player figurines that are both durable and visually appealing

The traditional batch process for biogas production has been dominant, but it often leads to inefficiencies and inconsistent gas output. This project aims to address these issues by designing and producing a continuous household biogas digester, which promises a more stable and reliable method for generating renewable energy from organic waste. The development of the digester was guided by the design tree process, starting with feasibility studies and progressing through design specifications, conceptual designs, and detailed design phases. The fabrication involved constructing key components such as the inlet system, a 150-liter steel digester tank, and the outlet system. Although most planned components were successfully incorporated, some were excluded due to unforeseen challenges.The digester demonstrated the potential for continuous biogas production, though improvements are needed. The project concluded with recommendations for enhancing system efficiency and exploring alternative materials to reduce production costs, suggesting that with further refinement, this design could become a viable household solution for renewable energy production

The interaction between drilling fluids and rock surfaces is a critical aspect of drilling operations in the oil and gas industry. This study investigates the multifaceted effects of drilling fluids on rock surface properties, including alterations in surface roughness, wettability, and chemical composition. The research employs a combination of laboratory experiments and analytical techniques to analyse the impact of various drilling fluids, such as water-based, oil-based, and synthetic muds, on different rock types commonly encountered in drilling operations. The findings reveal that drilling fluids play a significant role in modifying rock surface
characteristics. Water-based fluids tend to increase rock wettability, while oil-based fluids can reduce it. Furthermore, the study explores the implications of these changes on drilling efficiency, wellbore stability, and reservoir connectivity. Understanding these effects is crucial for optimizing drilling fluid selection and designing drilling strategies that enhance overall drilling performance and reservoir productivity. This research contributes valuable insights into the complex interplay between drilling fluids and rock surfaces, aiding in the development of more efficient and sustainable drilling practices in the energy industry.

This project aims to develop an innovative voice-activated switching system that enhances
home automation by enabling hands-free control of electrical appliances. Utilizing speech
recognition technology and the Arduino Uno microcontroller, the system provides users with
a seamless and accessible method of operating household devices through voice commands.
The project is built around an Arduino Uno interfaced with a Speech Recognition Module
Easy VR3 plus, a relay module, and a 5V converter module, all housed within a protective
enclosure. The Speech Recognition Module captures and processes voice commands, which
are then interpreted by the Arduino Uno. Based on the received command, the Arduino
activates the relay module, which switches the connected electrical appliances on or off. The
system is powered by a 12V dc battery, regulated to 5V using an L298D motor driver to
ensure stable operation.
The developed voice-activated switching system successfully demonstrated the capability to
recognize and execute voice commands efficiently. The Speech Recognition Module
accurately processed user input, and the Arduino Uno effectively translated the recognized
commands into control signals for the relay module. The system exhibited high response
accuracy in quiet environments and maintained reliable performance under various
conditions. Ultimately, this project achieved its goal of creating an affordable, user-friendly,
and accessible voice-controlled home automation solution.

The integrity of welded structures is affected by weld defects, induced stress as well as its
resistance to varying impacts during and after fabrication. This study explores the application of
the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) in optimizing and predicting the impact
toughness of Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welded mild steel joints aimed at enhancing weldment
quality and overall structural integrity by determining the influence of key welding process
parameters on the impact toughness of the resultant weldment. The research seeks to optimize
predict these relevant factors thereby addressing challenges such as induced stress and failures
resulting from impacts on weldment.
Central Composite Design (CCD) was employed for experimental design having current, voltage
and gas flow rate as weld process generating twenty (20) experimental runs. Mild steel plates were
cut and welded using a TIG welding equipment to produce weld samples using the varying process
parameters. A digital impact testing machine was used to measure the impact toughness of the
weldments. The experimental data was then analyzed using ANFIS, which integrates neural
networks and fuzzy logic for predicting and optimizing the investigated response.
The ANFIS model effectively trained and tested the experimental data after which an optimal
result having having current of 175 amps, voltage of 23.5 volts, and a gas flow rate of 15.5
liters/min would yield a maximal impact toughness values of 95.7 J. Post experimental results
shows high correlation values with the optimal result thereby serving as validation. These findings
underline the potential of ANFIS as a robust tool for advancing production engineering processes.
This result improves the reliability of welded structures and supports the advancement of
production engineering practices

This research endeavor seeks to develop an innovative catalyst for the pyrolysis procedure, transforming waste plastic (polyethylene terephthalate PET) into a liquid fuel source. The objectives include preparation of waste PET and clay specimens, the fabrication of a zeolite catalyst from clay, and the subsequent examination and characterization of this catalyst. The experimental setup entailed weighing 500 g of PET particles and 25 g of zeolite catalyst, purging the system with nitrogen gas to establish an oxygen-free milieu, and commencing pyrolysis at 450°C with a heating gradient of 15°C/min and a reaction duration of 30 min in a diminutive fixed-bed reactor.
The findings indicate the efficacy of calcined clay soil in the pyrolysis of discarded PET containers. Structural analysis revealed specific surface area, bulk density, particle size, and porosity values of 86.10 m²/g, 1.285 g/cm³, <100μm, and 48%, respectively. Spectroscopic analysis underscored a notable composition of calcium oxide in the catalyst, corroborating its catalytic prowess. Furthermore, the catalytic pyrolysis process yielded a greater volume of oil compared to non-catalytic pyrolysis, as exemplified in Table 4.3. The physiochemical attributes of the resultant oil conformed to ASTM standards, with caloric value, flash point, kinematic viscosity, and specific gravity measured at 16.42 kcal/kg, 78°C, 2.80 mm²/s, and 0.8601, respectively.
In conclusion, this study proffers a promising approach to address the issue of plastic waste by converting PET bottles into a valuable liquid fuel source utilizing a novel clay-based catalyst. The developed catalyst exhibits advantageous structural and spectroscopic properties, enhancing the efficiency of the pyrolysis process. Moreover, the resulting fuel meets industry benchmarks, intimating its potential for practical applications in energy production and waste management.

During the period of rapid spread of the corona virus infection, a large number of infected were
quarantined and otherwise isolated from the general populace. Face to face access to such people
was risky and difficult. Even medical personnel had to take stringent and inconvenient measures
to safeguard themselves, before they could meet physically with such patients. Arising from this,
the aim of this work is to design and construct a telepresence robot that will help to monitor, and
communicate with an isolated person.
The proposed system makes use of a mobile platform driven by four electric motors, with each
driving wheels for precise navigation control. The motors are controlled by an L298N motor
driver. The system also makes use of central microcontroller with WIFI capabilities to establish
connection with a smart phone using the Adafruit IoT (Internet of Things) interface. It also has a
12V lead acid battery for supplying power. The power supplied by this battery is regulated and
stepped down to 5V by an Lm7805 voltage regulator and this voltage regulator supplies power
directly to the micro-controller and the motor driver (or controller)
The system performed as required. The robot successfully connects to the internet and responds to
commands given through the IoT platform. Motors responded correctly to commands, rotated in
the specified direction, and at the desired speed. The motor control system is functioning properly,
and the robot can move as intended. The robot can transmit a clear and stable live video feed with
minimal lag. However, when the internet connection is poor, the video feed becomes blurry,
pixelated, or experiences frequent interruptions