2021

This study attempts to empirically examine the impact of mortgage financial activities and housing development in Nigeria. The study used housing development, mortgage loans, interest on loans and mortgage investment as proxy for housing development in Nigeria. This study made use of secondary data. The data were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin from the period of 1992-2018. Descriptive statistics and Ordinary Least Square regression analysis were adopted for analyses. It was found that housing development does not granger causes mortgage loans, housing development does not granger causes interest on loan, while, housing development granger causes mortgage investment. The study recommends that, the Nigerian Government should increase its expenditure as one of the other factors that could affect housing developments, thereby paying more focus on housing development

The main objective of this study is to examine the impact of IPPIS adoption on the payroll system in Nigerian civil service. The specific objectives are to; ascertain the number of staffs of MDA of the federal government that has enrolled in IPPIS; to ascertain the impact of IPPIS adoption on ghost workers syndrome in Nigerian civil service and to ascertain the effect of IPPIS adoption on gathering of information for personnel cost planning and budgeting in Nigerian civil service. Data were collected through primary and secondary sources. The survey data were obtained from 100 respondents using a designed questionnaire. Chi square (X2) was used to compare the frequency data and to calculate the potential risk factors. From the study we found that
559 MDAs have been enrolled on the IPPIS platform as of January 2021 which comprises 368,351 public servants. IPPIS adoption has a positive relationship with the gathering of information for personnel cost, planning and budgeting and the reduction of ghost workers syndrome in Nigeria civil service. This study concludes that IPPIS has greatly succeeded in minimizing the leakages and wastages, and as well succeeded in minimizing payroll fraud in the Nigerian Federal Civil Service, thus enhancing service delivery. It is recommended that government should embark on monthly payroll and personnel audit/review to ensure authentic and accurate data required for reliable payroll process. Payroll presentation for all civil servants should be centralized and individual staff records should be centrally and safely kept with relevant accounting packages.

This research work is made up of four chapters. Chapter One introduces us to the general and fundamental knowledge about conflict resolution and also language use in conflict resolution. The theoretical framework to be used in the course of the work, the statement of purpose for the study. More also, the previous studies that encompasses the work of some scholars well outlined and the concerned of the present that deals with the main theory that the research work adopts. Chapter Two encapsulate the different views of scholars on language and conflict resolution with various approaches to it and more also, the various methods diplomatically ways of tackling conflict. The Chapter Three is the presentation and analysis of the data collected. The last chapter of this research work summarizes the total work that has been put together and the conclusion arrived at based on the communication accommodation theory of "Howard" (1971) which states that people behavior changes towards others in the act of communication to a tune their communication partner. With this theory, we can learn how to help manage our language usage verbal and non-verbal means of communication with others creating a peaceful and harmonious atmosphere in our society

This study argues that we live in a physical world with its four known space-time dimensions of length, width, height (or depth) and time. However, God dwells in a different realm—the spirit realm—beyond the perception of our physical senses. It opines that is not that God is not real; it is a matter of His not being limited by the physical laws and dimensions that govern our
world (Isaiah 57:15). It poses a question that: Knowing that “God is spirit” (John 4:24), what is His relationship to time? It then argues that though we cannot possibly comprehend this idea of eternity or the timelessness of God, we in our finite minds try to confine an infinite God to our time schedule. Those who foolishly demand that God operate according to their time frame
ignore the fact that He is the “High and Lofty One . . . who lives forever” (Isaiah 57:15). This description of God is far removed from man’s condition. The study asserts again that, because of our finite minds, we can only grasp the concept of God’s timeless existence in part. And in so doing, we describe Him as a God without a beginning or end, eternal, infinite, everlasting, and so on. He always was and always will be. The study holds that time is a necessary precondition for change and change is a sufficient condition to establish the passage of time. In o cannot recover the minutes that have passed by. The bottom line is this: time began when God created the universe. Since there was no matter, and because God does not change, time had no existence and therefore no meaning, no relation to Him. And this brings us to the meaning of the word eternity. God has no beginning or end. He is outside the realm of time. God is even beyond eternity. The traditional view has been that God is timeless in the sense of being outside time altogether; that is, He exists but does not exist at any point in time and He does not experience temporal succession.

Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. (Roselle) is an annual shrub which is popular in Asian and African countries including Nigeria. It is used as a medicinal plant for the treatment of various disease conditions such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia [Chukwunonso K. Nwabufo and O Olusanya, (2017) ] This study was undertaken to investigate the mitigating effect of Aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx on lead induced toxicity on testes and epididymis of adult Wistar rats. Twenty male rats weighing 150g - 180g were used for this study, the rats were divided randomly into four groups A, B, C, and D consisting of 5 rats each. Group A served as control group and B, C, D were treatment groups. The rats were fed with Grower's mash animal feed and given water throughout the period of this study (60 days). Group A was just given food and water. Treatment group B was given 0.1ml of lead acetate via orogastric tube for 60 days. Group C was given Hibiscus sabdariffa extract 500mg/kg BW for 60 days. Group D was given 0.1ml of lead acetate and Hibiscus sabdariffa Aqueous extract 500mg/kg for 60 days. This study suggests that Hibiscus sabdariffa extract has some curative and preventive effect against testes and epididymis toxicity caused by lead acetate. These effects were supported by the restoration of histological architecture of the testes

The relevance of Intellectual Property protection to our day to day activities has repeat advancement of technology in the reproduction of information and intellectual goods has created a favorable tool for piracy; copying and selling of another's intellectual works have become easy and less expensive; Copyright theft; Production of fake, Sub-standard and unlicensed products are on the increase. Hence, Copyright Piracy is a global problem, although more prevalent in developingcountries like Nigeria. Copyright piracy has been recognized worldwide as an enemy of creative arts, intellectualism and creativity. It obstructs genuine investments and corrupts cultural value of a nation. Section / of the Copyright Act CAP C28 LFN 2004 makes provisions for the definition, protection, transfer, infringement of and remedy, and penalty thereof of copyright in forms of Literal, Musical, Dramatic and
Sound recordings works. It is pertinent to observe that online generated materials can be classified under the category of literary works. Of greater importance, Sections 2 and 3 of the Copyright Act is to the effect that, copyright protection of any physical creative work is local, while the reach of the internet is international. The provisions of Sections 2 and 3 above presents a strenuous task for the protection of copyrights and enforcement of wrongdoings committed across the border. In respect of that, Section 2(1) of the Copyright Act provides that copyright shall be conferred by this section on every work eligible for copyright of which
the authors or in the case of a work of a joint authorship, any of the authors is at the time when the work is made, a citizen, or is domiciled in Nigeria Nigeria's status as a favorable destination for foreign direct investment and a place where local creative talent can flourish is in jeopardy due to the activities of individuals who unjustifiably infringe on another's copyright works. It is in recognition of the above fundamental facts that the Nigerian Copyright Commission (NCC), which is saddled with the responsibility of monitoring, 15 administering and enforcing copyright laws and ensuring proper implementation of set out rules and regulations on the citizenry in the case of default seeks to fight against piracy

The study was to investigate the influence of school facilities in the teaching and learning of vocational and technical education in public secondary schools in Edo State using Egor LGA as a case study. Four (4) research questions were raised to
guide the study and literature of other researchers were reviewed. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design, data was collected through the aid of a questionnaire. The questionnaire was structured according to the research questions and distributed to sample population of 100 respondents. The findings of the study revealed that poor maintenance, poor handling of school facilities and overcrowding are factors that encourage school facilities depreciation. Poor maintenance culture of school facilities is poor because the facilities are not carefully handled and when damaged are not repaired promptly. It was concluded that administrators and educational planners have confirmed that facilities in schools in Nigerian are inadequate and few available ones are being over utilized due to the astronomical increase in school enrolment. More so, it was discovered that adequate infrastructures are quite essential for conducive and productive learning attitude towards vocational and technical education. It
was however recommended that government and educationist are urged to Invest in education as it entails the provision of the necessary infrastructure and facilities that could lead the system to the desired goals and objectives; guidance, counselors and parents should not downgrade the study of history education; and that teachers should to participate in facilities maintenance and evaluating the available facilities.

The study focuses on the impact of laboratory facilities for effective teaching of biology in senior secondary schools in Edo state. To make this possible four purpose of study was raised to examine the impacts of the utilization of biology laboratory facilities
in senior secondary school students, wheather laboratory facilities are available for teaching, the impact of laboratory on student practical skills in biology among secondary school students and if biology student performs better in biology with laboratories facility in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State. Descriptive survey research design was adopted to accomplish the objectives of the study. Four research questions were raised to guide the study. The population of the study consists of 212 teachers from 29 public secondary schools in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State and 12 accessible respondents were selected as sample for the study using simple random sampling technique. The instrument for data collection was the questionnaire developed by the researcher and was validated by the researcher’s supervisor and two other experts from the Department of Curriculum and Instructional Technology. The reliability coefficient was 0.72 was obtained using Cronbach Alpha
correlation coefficient method. The study revealed that the impacts of biology laboratory facilities on senior secondary school students in Ovia North East Local Government Area is high and that Biology laboratory facilities available in secondary schools in Ovia north East is Low and that the impact of laboratory on student practical skills in biology among secondary school students is high. The study recommends among others that Principals should work hand in hand with parents, sponsors and other stakeholders in education to prioritize the provision of adequate laboratory facilities to ease the problems of inadequacy of
laboratories in public secondary schools and Biology teachers should be encouraged and motivated to use laboratories equipment’s more frequently

The study investigated the factors mitigating the use of E-learning technologies during the Covid-19 pandemic in Egor local government area of Edo state. 200 students from secondary schools in Egor local government area were used for the study. Four research questions were raised to guide the study. The population of the study comprised of the comprised of four thousand one hundred and eighteen (4118) senior secondary schools in Egor Local Government Area while the sample for the study comprised two hundred (200) students were selected from seven (7) schools in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State. A structured questionnaires titled: Factors Mitigating The Use of E-learning Technology during Covid – 19 Pandemic (QFMETP) was used for data collection. The questionnaire was validated by the researcher's supervisor as well as two other experts in the Department of Curriculum and Instructional Technology while the test-re test reliability method was adopted to ascertain the reliability of the instrument which yielded a co-efficient index of .724. Data were analyzed with simple percentage method. The results revealed that the challenges of e-learning in Edo state are lack of proper orientation, low funds, shortage of trained personnel and software and finally most of the teachers aren’t computer literate, the difficulties in the use of e-learning in the face of covid-19 in Egor local government area are low funds, unavailability of internet facilities, no trained personnel and software and also the problem of no regular power supply in the community, E-learning would contribute better in the academic performance of students when compared to classroom conventional learning It was also revealed that if teachers are trained in the use of e-learning, data prices are reduced, subject oriented softwares are built and the schools are provided with good electricity generating sets, the use of e-learning would be improved. It is therefore recommended that government should be proactive in ameliorating the challenges identified in this study and build on the opportunities e￾learning offers educational institutions even post covid-19, for e-learning to be effective, appropriate measure should be given to maintenances, provision of stable internet provider to support easy and fast learning and teaching and Electricity is one of the driven force and backbone of computer and computer tools, so Government should finance and connect the rural areas particularly to a stable electric grid, basic knowledge on how to operate computer and computer related tools should be given to both the students and teachers, and government should provide educational packages for data usage for educational purpose and softwares be built for subject specifications

This research was conducted with sole aim of investigating the effect of crude oil on the group, morphology and plant based compound of Eichornia crassipes. Samples of the macrophyte were obtained from Ologbo pond in Edo State and transported to the Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, where they were used for the experiment conducted in the screen house. The experimental treatments consisted of 0 (control), 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 % v/v. Using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and three replicates per treatments, the plants were exposed to the treatments for 8 days. E. crassipes samples grown in crude oil showed significant decrease (p<0.01) in all morphological parameters observed. When compared with the control. Wilting, chlorosis and necrosis were observed in some of the plants treated with 0.8 % v/v and 0.6 % v/v.
The plants showed remarkable increase in the accumulation of heavy metals with concentration being more in the roots than in the shoots. Observations obtained in this study revealed that crude oil impact macrophyte parameters at higher concentration levels. The study has shown that E. crassipes can be employed as a tool for biomonitoring of crude oil in fresh water habitats. The study further suggests the need for more intensive research to fully understand the impacts of crude oil pollution on aquatic plants.