2021

Hydrocarbon contamination of land, water, air, vegetation and human is a widespread global
environmental concern. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of goat manure
for the bioremediation of used engine oil polluted soil. 10kg soil sample was collected from a
site free of used engine oil contamination (from an agricultural land in The Department of
Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of engineering, University of Benin, Ugbowo campus, Benin
City, Edo State in Nigeria) using a 22-cm hand-dug soil auger and stored in labeled black
polythene bag. The sample was air dried, grinded and sieved through 2mm mesh before use. Before contamination, the soil sample was subjected to chemical digestion using 1:1 ratio of
0.25M hydrochloric acid and Nitric acid. Thereafter, it was characterize to determine the physio- chemical properties. The physio-chemical properties determined include; Total Heterotrophic
bacterial, Moisture content Soil, pH, Electrical conductivity, Total hydrocarbon content (THC), Total organic carbon, Total nitrogen content in addition to the soil composition including percent
sand, Total Phosphorus, Lead (Pb) and Iron (Fe). The used engine oil was added gradually into
the bowl containing the unpolluted sieved soil sample and was properly mixed. The used engine
oil was to serve as the pollutant. The soil samples were left for 4days for stabilization before the
commencement of treatment process. The experiment was monitored for a period of eight (8)
weeks under which appreciable level of remediation had been obtained. Result obtained shows
that there was a gradual increase in pH, Electrical conductivity(EC) and Total Heterotrophic
bacterial(THB), and also a gradual decrease in total nitrogen content(TNC), total organic
carbon(TOC), total phosphorus(TP), lead(Pb), Iron(Fe) and total hydrocarbon content(THC). The result explicitly showed that goat manure is a good substrate for bioremediation of used
engine oil polluted site with calculated engine oil removal efficiency of 62.67%. The kinetic
IV
modeling shows that the experimental data fitted well with pseudo-second order kinetic model. On predicting the rate of hydrocarbon loss with time the non-linear regression model gave higher
coefficient of determination of 0.9874 compared to the linear regression model that gave 0.9665.

The study was carried out to appraise the factors influencing students achievement in biology in senior secondary schools in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State. Four (4) research questions were raised for the study and the descriptive survey
research design was adopted. A review of some related literature was carried out. The reliability of the student’s questionnaire was established at 0.75 using Cronbach Correlation Alpha method. A total of one hundred and twenty (120) secondary school students in Oredo Local Government Area constituted the population study sample. The instrument used for gathering data from the selected sample was a questionnaire; the data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics in form of percentage and mean. The study revealed that; the total number of students in class (class-size), the teaching method employed by the teacher in teaching Biology, the availability and utilization of laboratory facilities, attitude of both teachers and students towards the teaching and learning of Biology have influence on students achievement in Biology. Based on the findings, recommendations were made; that the ministry of education and parents should provide the necessary motivation and orientation to teachers and students in order to change their attitude towards teaching and learning of Biology. Biology concepts should be taught with practical activity. Ministry of Education and professional organizations should organize workshops, seminars and conferences for biology teachers on how to utilize the available teaching and learning resources in order to enhance students achievement in Biology. High ratio of students to teacher should be avoided by training and employing more teachers in various schools. Teachers must vary their method of teaching Biology. Teachers must not hold on to only one method of teaching Biology instead should use different methods of teaching that suit the prevailing situation and topics to be taught.

In order to address the growing global energy demand and reduce the environmental impact from operating gas turbine power plants, the performance and how to improve existing gas turbine power plants need to be studied. In view of this, this research work aims at carrying out the thermodynamic and environmental analyses of Azura Edo Power Plant for design and off-design conditions. Ebsilon Software is a commercially accepted energy and mass balance tool for power plant modelling. The performance of the Azura Edo Power Plant at design and off-design conditions were modelled using Ebsilon Software and the simulation exercise was validated. Energy, exergy and environmental analyses were conducted using operating data collected from the power plant to evaluate the thermal efficiencies, heat rate, energy losses and exergy destruction of each major component of the power plant and carbon dioxide emission rates with the aid of MATLAB software. The effects of ambient air temperature on the thermodynamic and environmental performances were carried out. Preliminary analyses of the effect of integrating an inlet air cooling system and heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) for future consideration were conducted. The results obtained from model validation were -3.13% to 0.88% for design and -3.24% to 2.66% for off-deign conditions. This showed that the model data were found to be in good agreement with the International Standard Organization (ISO) and Azura Edo guaranteed data for both design and off-design conditions. Energy analysis results obtained showed that the average net thermal efficiency of the three units was found to be 29.79% at the ambient air temperature range from 21 to 35 0C, the compressor pressure ratio of 10.72 to 10.96 and net power output of 148.92 to 160. 70MW. Also, results obtained showed that there was a lower performance of the plant at high ambient air temperature and a lower compressor pressure ratio. The exergy analysis results indicate that the combustion chamber has the least exergy efficiency and highest exergy destruction efficiency compared to other components studied. Findings from the research revealed that the combustion chamber also has the largest improvement potential of 101.07 to 107.23MW among the components considered. The environmental analysis results obtained showed that the average emission of CO2 for Azura Edo Power Plant was 707.741kgCO2/MWh and 690,602,489.84kgCO2/yr, which the latter is within the guaranteed values of 726,000,000 kgCO2/yr. At high ambient air temperatures, low exergy and the second law of thermodynamic efficiencies, sustainability of fuel and high exergy destruction efficiency, depletion of fuel and CO2 emission rates were observed. It was also observed from the preliminary analyses that the incorporation of air intake cooling system and HRSG caused 95.2341kgCO2/MWh and 73,542.0651kgCO2/yr; 181.52kgCO2/MWh reduction in CO2 emission respectively. The study established that the incorporation of an inlet air cooling system to maintain low compressor air inlet temperature, HRSG and steam turbine to utilize the high temperature of the flue gas to improve the plant performance was economically and environmentally feasible. Accordingly, the study has provided an understanding of suitable methods for efficient and waste minimization as ways of performance enhancement of Azura Edo Power Plant

This study was undertaken to ascertain readers perception of the utilization of photographs in the Nigerian observer newspaper in Benin City. Thus, the survey design was employed with the aid of a 9- item questionnaire to elicit response from 300 residents in Benin City. The sample was selected purposively based on background knowledge of the topic. Data generated were analyzed using the simple percentage, presented using frequency table. Findings reveals that majority of the people’s perception are influenced by photographs used in the Nigerian observer newspaper in Benin City. Also found out that readers of the newspaper judge the credibility of the stories posted based on the photographs accompany such stories. The study concluded which readers of newspaper can see into the stories. Therefore, the study recommended newspaper owners should ensure that they make extensive use of photographs in their publications and to increase readership, they must use colorful and attractive photographs that can capture the attention of readers among others.

Violent confrontations between farmers and herders have become a defining feature confronting peace and stability in many parts of Nigeria. This study assessed the effect of farmers and herdsmen conflicts on the livelihood activities of arable crop farmers in Benue State. Specifically, it describes the socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents in the study area, identified the livelihood activities involvement of respondents, identified the causes of farmers-herdsmen
conflicts, examined the key effect of the conflict on the respondents, ascertained perceived vulnerability factors to the conflict, and identified the coping strategies used by the respondents. The study was carried out in Benue State, Nigeria the selected sampled Local Government Areas are Oju, Guma, and Vandiekya with a sample size of 231 at a response rate of 99.3% (229). A
structured questionnaire administered through an interview schedule was used to collect data for this study. Data collected were analysed with descriptive statistics like frequency, percentages, mean, standard deviation. T-statistics in Binary Logistic Regression and F-statistics in Analysis of Variance and posthoc range test were used to make inferences. Results show a preponderance of male 62% over female 38% with mean age 38 years, the respondents had a mean farm size of 4 hectares, a mean household size of 4 persons and 19 years as mean farming experience. The study also showed that the farmers had a high level of livelihood involvement in major arable crop production with yam having the highest with �ത =3.68. The destruction of crops during the conflict was identified as the major cause of conflict with �ത =4.77 while crop was destroyed during the conflict was identified as one of the major key effects of the conflict with �ത =4.72. The ineffectiveness of security structure ( �ത =4.24) was identified as the major vulnerability factors to the conflicts. The study also revealed that children were withdrawn from school ( �ത =4.26) and children are now involved in child labour ( �ത =4.09) were the major ways
respondents coped with the conflict. Variables on determinant of conflict among farmers and herdsmen conflict such as sex (Wald = 18.06), age (Wald = -10.36), education (Wald = 8.12), religion (Wald = 27.14), type of farming (Wald = 17.06), farm size (Wald = 14.67) were significant at 0.01 level while primary occupation (wald=3.09) was significant at 0.05 level. Results further showed that a significant difference existed in the effect of conflict in the three local government Area as Oju experienced more than the other two Local Government Areas with the F-test values of 28.58 df (2) 226 at 0.01 significant level Also, armers in Guma were more vulnerable to farmers-herdsmen conflicts than those in the other local government Area
with the F-test value of 4.176 df (2) 226 at the 0.05 significant level. It was concluded that the conflict had a negative effect on the livelihood activities as the production income of the farmers in the affected Local Government Areas were greatly ecreased by over 50%

This study was carried out to determine the influence of technical teacher training on the competencies teachers posses in teaching basic technology in Edo state. Five research questions were raised to guide the study and four null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 significant level for the study. Descriptive survey research design was used for the study. The population of the study was 400 basic technology teachers of Oredo local government area of Edo State. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 100 respondents for the sample. The instrument used was a structured questionnaire. The instrument was validated by three experts. Pearson’s Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMCC) was used to compute reliability of the instrument which gave a correlation coefficient of 0.72. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation and t-test was used to test the hypotheses. The result of the analysis shows that for a basic technology teacher to be considered competent such teacher must have, gone through teacher training, good knowledge of subject matter, proper usage of instructional aid and methods, good classroom and laboratory management skills and proper evaluation techniques. The t-test analysis showed that the four groups of teachers (male & female, rural & urban, experienced & inexperienced and public and private secondary school) did not differ significantly in their rating on the variables that is important for effective teaching of basic technology by teachers. It was recommended among others that Edo state Ministry of education should employ only qualified and trained technical teachers for basic technology, and the state government must also enforce the same strategies in the private sector. The performance of basic technology students is directly influenced by the qualification and quality of the teacher taking the subject.

The correct, proper interpretation and application of perceptual verbs in English is a major challenge to the Yoruba learners. The topic "PERCEPTUAL VERBS" such as "look, see, taste, hear, touch, smell, e.t.c. is an unresolved problem for linguistic theories. This work examines the meaning and understanding of the various perceptual verbs in relation to Yoruba language. Languages differ in their number of basic verbs that describe perceptual experiences. Some languages have only two of such verbs. One for visual perception, another for non-visual perception. Yoruba is a language of verbs which has different verbs for each perception. This research work is aimed at solving perceptual verb problems, educating people on the true meaning and reality of perception. I collected the data in Lagos state by choosing from random people with potentials in Yoruba language. People who speak the language profoundly, scholars in the language. The providers of the data of this research work were "twenty one old generation speakers" and "thirteen new /younger generation of Yorubaspeakers". These two generational speakers gave amazing feedbacks just that the older generation feedback was more competent as they had the translation to all the verbs I provided them with. The new generation now mix English with their Yoruba when speaking while the older generation make use of pure Yoruba. This work is laid out in five different chapters followed by the references and appendix. The work allocates the semantic perceptual verbs that fall under the five classes of perceptual verbs into their various classifications

Management is essential for organized life and necessary to run all types of management. Good management is the backbone of successful organizations. In order to make a business viable it has to be built upon a certain set of values which will promote the business, assure customers that it’s the right choice and attract new customers while retaining the existing ones. Quality is one of the most important aspects of a business or a product as it could be associated with many factors such as reliability, delivery, usability, and an acceptable price. Total quality management TQM is a set of management practices throughout the organization geared to ensure the organization consistently meets or exceed customer requirements. Based on Deming's and Duran's ideas described in "Total Quality Management text with cases" for how organizations could achieve success we can conclude that key to successful quality management passes through constantly striving for improvement, changing the classic mind-set of applying out of date quality check measures everybody else does, modernizing the methods, and providing effective training for the staff. This paper provided a general understanding of Total Quality Management, a concept that is aimed at ensuring quality with continuous improvement. It will show the important aspects of TQM, challenges in applying TQM and important factors that affect success. It would include general knowledge, assumptions and researchers' own interpretations. It should give the reader a general overview of total quality management and its main points which will provide a base for deeper learning.

Electronic Commerce (E-Commerce) is growing rapidly in worldwide marketplace nowadays and it has tremendous potential to drive the technology growth in the future. Along with the continuous development of the E-commerce, it can be connected, anywhere, anytime via e- mobile with wireless service. In spite of the challenging economy, the use of e-channel platforms –Internet banking, Mobile Banking, ATM, POS, Web, etc. has continued to experience significant growth. According to NIBSS 2015 annual fraud report, transaction volume and value grew by 43.36% and 11.57% respectively, compared to 2014. Although e-fraud rate in terms of value reduced by 63% in 2015, due, in part, to the introduction of BVN and improved collaboration among banks via the fraud desks; the total fraud volume increased significantly by 683% in 2015 compared to 2014.

The study examined on the perception of mass media as tools for sensitizingthepublic about infectious pandemic: a case study of corona virus in BeninCity, Nigeria. Survey method was adopted and the instrument used for data collectionwas the questionnaire. Using the Taro Yameni formula, 400 peopleweresampled from the population of 1,495,800 in Benin City being the capital ofEdo state, these Statistic figures of 2016 population census, during the causeofthis survey. 400 questionnaires were distributed through the city andall 342were retrieved. Data collected was analyzed in tables and simple percentages. The media play an important role in the dissemination of informationonthe2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The novel Coronavirusdisease 2019 (COVID-19), first identified in Wuhan China in December2019, has rapidly spread to almost every region of the world. To prevent spreadof thevirus, civil societies and government agencies embarked on enlightenment campaigns for good hygiene and social distancing. However, it is important tomeasure whether the population is receiving information that calms it down, aswell as whether such news are in accordance with the magnitude of the issue. This study assessed knowledge and perceptions about COVID-19 amongthegeneral public in Nigeria during the initial week of the pandemic lockdowninthe country. The findings affirm that Nigerians are highly knowledgeable about COVID-19 and their premier sources of information about the pandemic is thesocial media. Covid -19 pandemic is one of the major public health concernsinthe country. Using the mass media in creating the awareness throughmediacampaign of breast cancer has become imperative.