2021

Hydraulic structures such as dams require energy dissipation for their safe operation. Scouring and cavitation are challenges which may arise at the downstream toe of earth dams due to inadequate provision for proper energy dissipation leading to severe damages or total loss of the dam. This study aimed at designing the United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) type III basin for energy dissipation downstream of earth dam spillways in Nigeria using Microsoft Excel as computational tool. Microsoft Excel was used in developing the design code governed by a set of algorithms which conformed to USBR standard. The algorithm was used to compute flow data suitable for the formation of hydraulic jump within the USBR type III stilling basin. Various flow conditions with discharges ranging from 10 m3 /s to 110 m3 /s and inflow velocity ranging from 3 m/s to 18 m/s) were simulated at various basin widths ranging from 3 m to 12 m. Acceptable design flows were determined using the Froude numbers that ranged between 4.5 to 9 as the major criterion. The results obtained showed that an increase in velocity led to an increased Froude number for the various basinm widths. At 3 m/s inflow velocity, the mean Fr values were 0.59, 0.85, 1.03 and 1.10 forstilling basins width of 3 m, 6 m, 9 m and 12 m respectively. At 6 m/s the mean Fr valueswere 1.69, 2.38, 2.93 and 3.38. At 9 m/s, mean Fr values were 3.10, 4.34, 5.37 and 6.21. At 12 m/s, the mean Fr values were 4.77, 6.76, 8.82 and 9.47. At 15 m/s, mean Fr values were 6.68, 9.89, 9.89 and 13.36. At 18 m/s mean Fr values were 8.68, 12.42, 15.22 and 17.57. These implied that at increased basin widths, the efficiency of the formation of hydraulic jump improved with higher inflow velocities resulting in shorter basins with more numbers of baffle piers and chute blocks. The results obtained will find relevant application in the preliminary design of the type III stilling basins for earth dams, reservoirs in Nigeria, in accordance with the United States Bureau of Reclamation standard. It will also aid Engineers in the proper control and evacuation of small earth dams while checking erosive effects from the velocity of the evacuated outflow by means of hydraulic jump formation. Furthermore, experimental researches involving physical models are recommended to ascertain more results and facilitate more efficient and economical USBR stillingbasin designs

There is no doubt that the internet has added a great deal to the quality of human life in the contemporary world. It has knitted the world together as a global village. Many difficulties which hampered international and even national commercial transactions in the past have now been consigned to the dust-bin of history. The emergence of electronic commerce has occurred as a result of the development of the internet, and commercial transactions are conducted through it between parties from different parts of the world who may never see themselves in their lifetimes. However, the emergence of electronic commerce has also brought with it a number of legal and socio-economic issues, especially in developing nations such as Nigeria, which issues pose significant challenges to the legal regime of electronic commerce in those countries. This work examines these legal issues within the context of the current legal and regulatory framework for electronic commerce in Nigeria

During the second half of the 19th century, the African churches emerged. Christ Apostolic Church had little or no quarrel with the doctrine, practices and the rituals of the white missionary. The formation of the faith Tabernacle, later, Christ Apostolic Church was a result of the unchristian of the Saint Saviour Anglican Church, Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State. This, as a factor triggered off the expected revival ofthe1930 by prophet Joseph Ayo Babalola. It is expedient to note the organization and administration ofthe Christ Apostolic Church. The hierarchy in the Church is succulently explained. Similarly, attention is focused on the different role of men and women through the formation of the church societies at national and state levels. These were created to foster the needed growth and development in the church. The Christ Apostolic Church right from its formationin1918as Aladura Group believers in holiness, divine healing and all sufficiency of God. After the great revival of 1930, where several people received the baptism of the Holy Spirit, the church combines a rare combination of holiness and Pentecostalism. The church had established the down to earth Christian worship in African perspective singing, drumming, and dancing in the culture of the African people

This study was designed to assess the knowledge and attitude of secondary school students towards sexually transmitted diseases in Oredo Local Government Area . To guide this study, four research questions were raised. The study was a descriptive research which adopted the survey research design . The population of the study was 9900 secondary students. The sampling techniques used was Stratified random Sampling. The sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 100 respondents representing 2% of the total population of secondary students in the selected secondary schools. The questionnaire was validated by three experts and split - half method was used to establish reliability of which it's coefficient was 0.83 ascertaining the reliability of the questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using frequency count , percentages and pearson product moment correlation ( PPMC). The findings revealed that the students are knowledgeable to an extent about Sexually transmitted diseases And the attitude of the secondary school students towards STDs is not encouraging. Sources of information on sexually transmitted disease from the parents, school, social media etc. The various risk factors of sexually transmitted diseases includes adolescents been made vulnerable at most, it can lead to infertility in both males and females etc. The types of STDs, signs and symptoms, prevention and treatment of STDs. It was recommended that efforts should be made by parents, guardians to educate their children about sexually transmitted diseases, it should not be left only in the hands of school alone. And also the school‘s responsibility is to educate the students about the risk factors of sexually transmitted diseases, the consequences of increased sex partners. Abstinence should be talked about especially by a health teacher or an invited health personnel.

This study was carried out to identify the factors influencing youth involve in cultism, a case study of undergraduate students in the University of Benin. The research was carried out as a survey research using relevant literature from journals, magazines, books and the internet. Four research questions were raised for the purpose of the study. A sample random sampling technique was used in selection of two hundred (200) university of Benin students. The data were collected with questionnaire instrument and analyzed using simple percentage. The result revealed that; the factors influencing university of Benin students into cultism are, inferiority complex, parental upbringing, broken homes, protection and students indulge in cultism because those caught in cult activities are not persecuted, the effect of cultism on the academic performances student are there is decline in the academic of a cultist, students who involve in cultism spends lots of extra years in school, absenteeism from classes and most of them end up not graduating at all, the rate of cultism on campus is low, as most students of the University of Benin are likely forced into cultism because of their resident area. Based on the results, it was recommended that professional guidance counselors should organize public lectures, seminars and workshops for students on the dangers of cultism, parents and Guardians should inculcate been apprehended by security operatives should be paraded and publicly sanctioned so that other students can learn from it and finally, on the part of the stakeholders in the university education (the churches, the mosques, parents, school administrators and the society at large) to fuse effort to eradicate the menace before it destroys the whole educational system.

Many different forms of exposure to Cadmium have been shown over the past century with Cadmium
been present in the environment as a result of many human activities. The constant sources of Cadmium
contamination are related to it's application in industry as a corrosive reagent, as well as it's use as a stabilizer in PVC products, color pigments and Ni-Cd batteries. In areas with contaminated soils, house dust is a potential route for cadmium exposure. Cadmium exposure causes pathological conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Medicinal drugs have been
administered to fight the effect on humans. Due to this, many plants have been discovered for the treatment of the disease caused by Cadmium. Turmeric is one of the medicinal plants which contains anti- oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties which helps to fight against oxidative stress caused by Cadmium. It helps fight against neurodegenerative diseases. Accordingly, this research was designed to
evaluate the protective activity of the ethanolic Curcuma longa root extract on cadmium-induced hippocampal damage in adult Wistar rats. For this study period of twenty-one days, thirty adult Wistar rats were randomized into six groups(A-F) consisting of five rats each. The rats were left to acclimatize for two weeks after which their weights were taken and recorded as initial weights while feeding then
with standard rat chow and free access to water throughout the study. All administration, given orally, started with Group A serving as the control group and received 1ml of water. Group B was given 5mg/kg
body weight of Cadmium only. Groups C and D were given 100mg and 200mg/kg body weight of ethanolic Curcuma longa root extract and 5mg/kg body weight of cadmium respectively. Groups E and F
were given only 100mg and 200mg/kg body weight of ethanolic Curcuma longa root extract, respectively. At the end of the experiment, neurobehavioural activity (y-maze test) was evaluated, recorded, and the rats were then sacrificed for sample collection. Following appropriate harvesting of the hippocampus, the antioxidant activity and histological alterations were investigated. Results showed a significant decrease in the brain and body weight of rats treated with cadmium. For the Y-maze test, Curcuma longa demonstrated significant inhibition of Cadmium-induced cognitive dysfunction. Curcuma longa produced a significant decrease in MDA level and increased SOD, CAT, GPx enzymes as compared to the Cadmium treated group. The histology of rats pre-treated with ethanolic Curcuma longa root extract showed considerable retention of the normal histological morphology of the hippocampus. In conclusion, the findings of the study validated the toxicity of cadmium and provided the first research evidence of the protective activity of Curcuma longa against cadmium toxicity in adult Wistar rats.

The study was to investigate the impact of the language laboratory on effective teaching and learning of the English language. Four (4) research questions were raised and literature of other researchers were reviewed. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design, data was collected through the aid of a questionnaire. The questionnaire was structured according to the research questions and distributed to sample population of 63 respondents. The findings of the study revealed that secondary schools do not have adequate English laboratories for the effective teaching and learning of English language and lack the basic necessities needed for a good English laboratory with no adequate English laboratories for the effective teaching and learning of English language in secondary schools. Schools with adequate English laboratories are more effective in the teaching and learning of English language although many schools have limited facilities for a good English laboratory and so need to be upgraded to meet with international standards. It was however recommended that government should ensure that adequate funds is released to public secondary schools for the building of language laboratories needed for the teaching of student; government and schools should ensure that qualified and competent teachers are employed for the teaching of Oral English in secondary schools in Ikpoba Okgha LGA; and that school management should ensure that language laboratories are adequately utilized for the correction of other tongue interference in secondary schools in Benin City.

This work examines how the various components of the linguistic elements of theEnglish Language are put together to form words in the Etsako language. Alarge part ofit is its correlation with the word formation process of the English Language. Apparently, the Etsako language has its particular way of word formation but has several factorsaffecting its formation. Most of these factors are external. This research providesanexplication of how these word formation processes correspond with that of the EnglishLanguage but it does not neglect the various ways the formation processes are violatedand also muddled.

This study examined the factors influencing teaching and learningofmathematics in senior secondary schools in Oredo Local Government Area, Edo State, Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to determine theextentto which :the perception of teachers, the methodology of teachers ,shortageof instructional material, and shortage of qualified teachers influencedtheteaching and learning of Mathematics secondary school. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design. Thepopulation of study comprised of all the 565 (five hundred and sixtyfive)Mathematics teachers in the sixteen (16) public secondary school inOredoLocal Government Area The study adopted the simple randomsamplingtechnique in selecting 28 (twenty eight) Mathematics teachers fromfiverandomly selected schools. A structured questionnaire titled: Factorsinfluencing the Teaching and Learning of Mathematics Questionnaire(MAFTQ) was used for data collection. To analyze the data collected, theresearch questions were answered using descriptive statistics suchas simplemean and standard deviation. The results indicated that the perceptionof theteachers influences the teaching and learning of Mathematics, teachers’Methodology influences the teaching and learn of Mathematics, InadequacyInstructional Facilities affects the teaching and learning of Mathematics, Inadequacy of qualified teachers influences the teaching and learningofMathematics in secondary schools. Based on the results of this study, it was
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recommended that: There should be adoption of learner centred methodsbyteachers to accelerate the stimulation and retention of learners interest intheteaching and learning process thereby enhancing students comprehensionofconcept taught in class, There is need for government and other stakeholdersin the education industry to regularly and periodically organize in-serviceseminars for teachers to be adequately equipped with skills toimpartknowledge to students to assimilate Mathematics topics, Government shouldincrease her annual budgetary allocation to secondary school educationtofacilitate the procurement of instructional resources in the teachingofMathematics in secondary schools. There should be regular and periodic training of Mathematicsteachers to adequately equip them and to keep abreast withmoderninstructional strategies in the teaching of the subject as it would facilitateanenhancement in the quality of the instructional delivery inherent inthesubject.

In this study, remote sensing data were integrated into GIS softwares for lithological mapping. The Landsat 8 OLI data were processed in order to see the lithological distribution in Akoko Edo area, Southern Nigeria. To achieve this purpose, products of Landsat 8 OLI digital data such as false color composite images (7, 5, 2 in RGB) and a band rationing image (6/7, 6/5, 4/2) were generated. Products of image processing improved lithological discrimination. Image classification was used to recognize and discriminate between the different rock units. In the result, four major classes were generated with two major geological features namely granite and migmatite with Bare earth surface and vegetation making up about 52% of the surface. The major geological features covered about 48% of the region. The band ratio classification using maximum likelihood classification was fairly accurate and matched the geologic map of Akoko Edo. The methodological approach used in this study for lithological mapping can be used to explore for mineral deposits, so more field works should be done to validate the gotten data and improve this method.