EVALUATING THE PROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC CURCUMA LONGA ROOT EXTRACT ON CADMIUM-INDUCED HIPPOCAMPAL DAMAGE IN ADULT WISTAR RATS.
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Abstract
Many different forms of exposure to Cadmium have been shown over the past century with Cadmium
been present in the environment as a result of many human activities. The constant sources of Cadmium
contamination are related to it's application in industry as a corrosive reagent, as well as it's use as a stabilizer in PVC products, color pigments and Ni-Cd batteries. In areas with contaminated soils, house dust is a potential route for cadmium exposure. Cadmium exposure causes pathological conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Medicinal drugs have been
administered to fight the effect on humans. Due to this, many plants have been discovered for the treatment of the disease caused by Cadmium. Turmeric is one of the medicinal plants which contains anti- oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties which helps to fight against oxidative stress caused by Cadmium. It helps fight against neurodegenerative diseases. Accordingly, this research was designed to
evaluate the protective activity of the ethanolic Curcuma longa root extract on cadmium-induced hippocampal damage in adult Wistar rats. For this study period of twenty-one days, thirty adult Wistar rats were randomized into six groups(A-F) consisting of five rats each. The rats were left to acclimatize for two weeks after which their weights were taken and recorded as initial weights while feeding then
with standard rat chow and free access to water throughout the study. All administration, given orally, started with Group A serving as the control group and received 1ml of water. Group B was given 5mg/kg
body weight of Cadmium only. Groups C and D were given 100mg and 200mg/kg body weight of ethanolic Curcuma longa root extract and 5mg/kg body weight of cadmium respectively. Groups E and F
were given only 100mg and 200mg/kg body weight of ethanolic Curcuma longa root extract, respectively. At the end of the experiment, neurobehavioural activity (y-maze test) was evaluated, recorded, and the rats were then sacrificed for sample collection. Following appropriate harvesting of the hippocampus, the antioxidant activity and histological alterations were investigated. Results showed a significant decrease in the brain and body weight of rats treated with cadmium. For the Y-maze test, Curcuma longa demonstrated significant inhibition of Cadmium-induced cognitive dysfunction. Curcuma longa produced a significant decrease in MDA level and increased SOD, CAT, GPx enzymes as compared to the Cadmium treated group. The histology of rats pre-treated with ethanolic Curcuma longa root extract showed considerable retention of the normal histological morphology of the hippocampus. In conclusion, the findings of the study validated the toxicity of cadmium and provided the first research evidence of the protective activity of Curcuma longa against cadmium toxicity in adult Wistar rats.
been present in the environment as a result of many human activities. The constant sources of Cadmium
contamination are related to it's application in industry as a corrosive reagent, as well as it's use as a stabilizer in PVC products, color pigments and Ni-Cd batteries. In areas with contaminated soils, house dust is a potential route for cadmium exposure. Cadmium exposure causes pathological conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Medicinal drugs have been
administered to fight the effect on humans. Due to this, many plants have been discovered for the treatment of the disease caused by Cadmium. Turmeric is one of the medicinal plants which contains anti- oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties which helps to fight against oxidative stress caused by Cadmium. It helps fight against neurodegenerative diseases. Accordingly, this research was designed to
evaluate the protective activity of the ethanolic Curcuma longa root extract on cadmium-induced hippocampal damage in adult Wistar rats. For this study period of twenty-one days, thirty adult Wistar rats were randomized into six groups(A-F) consisting of five rats each. The rats were left to acclimatize for two weeks after which their weights were taken and recorded as initial weights while feeding then
with standard rat chow and free access to water throughout the study. All administration, given orally, started with Group A serving as the control group and received 1ml of water. Group B was given 5mg/kg
body weight of Cadmium only. Groups C and D were given 100mg and 200mg/kg body weight of ethanolic Curcuma longa root extract and 5mg/kg body weight of cadmium respectively. Groups E and F
were given only 100mg and 200mg/kg body weight of ethanolic Curcuma longa root extract, respectively. At the end of the experiment, neurobehavioural activity (y-maze test) was evaluated, recorded, and the rats were then sacrificed for sample collection. Following appropriate harvesting of the hippocampus, the antioxidant activity and histological alterations were investigated. Results showed a significant decrease in the brain and body weight of rats treated with cadmium. For the Y-maze test, Curcuma longa demonstrated significant inhibition of Cadmium-induced cognitive dysfunction. Curcuma longa produced a significant decrease in MDA level and increased SOD, CAT, GPx enzymes as compared to the Cadmium treated group. The histology of rats pre-treated with ethanolic Curcuma longa root extract showed considerable retention of the normal histological morphology of the hippocampus. In conclusion, the findings of the study validated the toxicity of cadmium and provided the first research evidence of the protective activity of Curcuma longa against cadmium toxicity in adult Wistar rats.
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