2021

Scent leaf is a common vegetable and spice in the diet of most Nigerians, cherished as a result of its contribution to health and sensory qualities. However, its safety is usually compromised especially because it is usually consumed raw or slightly cooked. Hence, this study was conducted to determine its microbiological quality. Samples of scent leaf (9) were randomly purchased from New Benin, Oba and Uselu markets in Benin. Each
sample was divided into 2- one group was washed with sterile distilled water and the other group was left unwashed and they were blended to aid homogenization. Samples
were analyzed for bacteria and yeasts using conventional plate culture procedures. This
was followed by the characterization of bacterial and fungal isolates using cultural and
biochemical characteristics. The identity of isolates were confirmed using Polymerase
Chain Reaction (PCR). The mean bacteria count (log10 cfu/g) across the three markets
for the unwashed samples was 2.30 while that of the washed was 1.92. For fungi, the
mean count in the unwashed scent leaf was 1.67 while that of the washed samples was
1.20. Statistically, there was a significant difference (P<0.05) in bacteria counts (log10
cfu/g) between the unwashed (2.27, 2.28 and 2.34) and washed scent leaves (1.96, 1.86
and 1.96) for New Benin, Oba and Uselu markets respectively. Significant differences
(P<0.05) were also recorded in fungal counts (log10 cfu/g) between the raw scent leaves (1.71, 1.66 and 1.63) and washed samples (1.25, 1.18 and 1.16) obtained from New Benin, Oba and Uselu markets respectively. Also, the bacteria count across the markets was always higher than the fungal count; an indication of more bacterial contamination. The bacteria isolated from the scent leaf samples were identified and was found to be Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PCR tests was carried out and
confirmed the identity of three of the isolates specifically as Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Ornamental plants are plants selected for cultivation in a garden primarily because of their aesthetic values. Operators of such gardens may depend on its success for subsistence and income security. This study examined ornamental plants in four areas of the University of Benin, Ugbowo campus. The areas include Main gate, Life science, Physical science and Engineering. A total of 35 ornamental plant species were surveyed across the study area. A total of about 25higher plant families were encountered in all the areas. Ornamentals are of great importance to man and the environment. They may be used for beautification, food, shade, aesthetic potentials among others and as wind-breakers. In this study, the diversity and abundance of ornamental species at the University of Benin main campus, Benin City, Nigeria was determined. Most common ornamental species include; Cocos nucifera, Axonopus compressus, Durantaerecta, Eugenia unifolia and Magnifera indica. The dominant families include; Arecaceae, Moraceae, Rubiaceae, Fabaceae, Apocynaceae, Combretaceae, Myrtaceae. The most common type of ornamentals encountered were trees and shrubs having a percentage of about 82.8%and the least been the bulb with a percentage of about 15%

This study examine the Anti-corruption crusade under Goodluck Jonathan and Muhammadu Buhari administration: A comparative study, The specific objectives are to determine the extent to which the public are aware of the anti-corruption crusade of both administration, to ascertain the level of public knowledge about the anti- corruption campaign, to identify the source of public knowledge about the anti- corruption crusade, to examine the perception of the people about the anti- corruption crusade method of data analysis data collected were presented quantitatively using simple frequency tables, percentages and numbers. The findings of the study, it is safe to conclude that the awareness on the anti- corruption crusade of Mr. President Goodluck Jonathan has gained grounds in South-South, Nigeria. This, no doubt, is the reason for the impressive 60% knowledge of the crusade among the people. For which 55.5% of the respondents are not satisfied with the corruption drive so far. This raises a big question on the drive itself and the way it is being approached. The Recommendations of the public need to predispose themselves to the acquisition of knowledge on the anticorruption drive of President Buhari. This is because 60% knowledge might not be enough to appreciate the effort of this administration in fighting corruption. On the aspect of the sources of information, it is recommended that people should use their new media gadgets to source for more information regarding the anti-corruption drive. This will no doubt improve the knowledge of the people on the approach and strategies taken to curb corruption in the country.

In contemporary times, one of the fundamental and most trending problems confronting philosophers and social scientists has been the problem of sex discriminations. Over the years, there have been heated debates among scholars and between the two sexes (male and female) over the argument of male’s discriminations against women in almost all areas of human endeavours. This argument is puts in the form of gender bias. Groups of individuals have divided themselves on this issue. On the one hand, some scholars have continued to argue that there is no discrimination discriminated against by the mail counterpart. Feminism is being approached from different strands and perspectives; some approach feminism from the academic perspective, to others, feminism is approach from the economic perspective, to the others, it is view from the family perspective and to the others, it is approach from the social perspective. It was in the light of this debate that Simone de Beauvoir came into the debate. She joined members of the Social Feminist Movement by advocating for the liberation of the women and calling for equality between the two sexes in the society. Beauvoir frowned against what she perceived to be social discrimination against the women within social milieu. This work therefore is critically examination of Simone de Beauvoir’s idea of feminism with a view to show the strengths and weaknesses in her idea of feminism.

Despite the presence of different variety of chemical fungicides, the search for new antifungal substances against plant pathogens continues because of the negative effect these fungicides has on both the plants and the environment. This study was aimed at assessing the antifungal activities of Moringa oleifera and Olea europaea oil individually and their synergistic combination against selected phytopathogenic fungi. Two fungi were isolated from agricultural soils obtained from different locations. Antifungal activities of Moringa, Olive oil individually and synergistically were performed using the food poisoning method. Penicillium chrysogenum and Mucor circinelloides used in this study were isolated from the agricultural soil. The phytochemical analysis of Moringa oil revealed a cocktail of phytochemicals while Olive oil showed only the presence of terpenoids. From the results, Moringa oil alone demonstrated strong activity against the pathogens with radial growth inhibition ranging from 2.83±0.04mm (Penicillium chrysogenum, 14%) to 5.83±0.10mm (Mucor circinelloides, 6%) this was significantly different from the controls (17.66±0.33mm for Penicillium chrysogenum and 39.16±0.05mm for Mucor circinelloides). For Olive oil alone the radial growth inhibition ranged from 4.90±0.05mm (Penicillium chrysogenum, 14%) to 24±0.30mm (Mucor circinelloides, 2%)
this was significantly different from the controls (17.66±0.33mm for Penicillium chrysogenum and 39.16±0.05mm for Mucor circinelloides). The synergistic combination of Moringa oil and Olive oil gave a result ranging from 0.00±0.00mm (Mucor circinelloides, 14%) to 12.33±0.14mm (Penicillium chrysogenum, 14%) compared to their controls (17.66±0.33mm for Penicillium chrysogenum and 39.16±0.05mm for Mucor circinelloides). The highest percentage mycelial radial growth inhibiton for Moringa oil on day 7 was 89.79% (Mucor circinelloides) and the lowest was 71.70% (Penicillium chrysogenum).

This study was carried out to investigate accounting skills possessed by business education undergraduates for sustainable entrepreneurship. To achieve this objective, four research questions and two research hypotheses were formulated to guide this study. Descriptive survey research design was used for the study and a population of 300 respondents while the simple random sampling technique was used. Accounting Skills
possessed by Business Education Undergraduates for Sustainable Entrepreneurship Questionnaire were used as the instrument for data collection. Project supervisor as well
as two other experts in the Faculty of Education validated the instrument. While Test- Retest method was used to determine the reliability coefficient. The data collected were analyzed using Mean and Standard Deviation. To answer the research questions, Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was used, while to test the research hypotheses were at 0.50 level of significance using SPSS as well. A structured questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection. From the analysis of the data, the following findings were revealed that the accountings skills possessed by business education undergraduates for sustainable entrepreneurship are in the area of stocktaking, profit and loss account, bank statement reconciliation, balance sheet and computer based accounting skills. Finally, the study concluded with some recommendations among others that Stocktaking, profit and loss, bank statement reconciliations, balance sheet and computer skills should be possessed by business education undergraduates for sustainable entrepreneurship

The study Surveyed the Methods of teaching Biology in senior secondary schools in Benin City. Three (3) research questions were raised to guide the study. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design. The population of the study consisted of five thousand six hundred and seventy eight (5,678) students in Benin City. Two hundred (200) students formed the sample of the study. They were randomly sampled to ensure fair representation. The instrument that was used for this study was a questionnaire titled, ‘Questionnaire on Survey of Methods of Teaching Biology in Senior Secondary Schools’ (QSMTB r=.82). Data obtained from the instrument were analyzed using frequency count, simple percentage, mean and standard deviation. Findings from the study revealed that Lecture, Discussion and Demonstration methods are the methods used by Biology teachers in teaching. Students perceive their Biology teachers’ teaching method as a factor affecting their interest to learn the subject. Students perceive their Biology teachers’ teaching method as a factor affecting their academic performance in the subject. Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that teachers should use more of learner- centred methods rather than teacher- centred methods of teaching.

This study investigated the impact of factors of leadership style on the engagement of non- academic staf at the University of Benin yielded. The study targeted a sample of fifty-two(52) respondents, in which a total of 52 questionnaires were distributed and a total of fifty (50) questionnaires was filled, retrieved, cleaned and used for this study. The data collected was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 and descriptive statistics was used to present the results while regression test was employed to make findings on the research hypotheses. Notably, while economic factors and intended goals both showed a positive correlation with employee engagement, their ef ects were found to be statistically insignificant. In contrast, leaders' communication skills and emotional intelligence emerged as significant drivers of employee engagement. Based on these findings, the following recommendation were made that: the institution’s management should prioritize leadership training on soft skills as doing so would bolster leaders' ability to communicate ef ectively and enhance their emotional understanding and empathy; incentive structures should be redefined by considering a mix of non-tangiblebenefits that might cater to emotional and interpersonal aspects of job satisfaction and engagement; clear and collaborative goals should be set; open communication channels should be fostered in institution; the institution should implement emotional intelligence assessments which can inform recruitment decisions, highlight areas for improvement, and guide personalized training and development interventions; and adoption of continuous feedback loop.

Human hands usually harbor microorganisms both as part of normal flora and
microorganisms contacted from the environment. A prospective study was carried out in the University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria. This study was aimed at identifying the types of bacteria associated with hands of undergraduate students in the University of Benin and to isolate and determine the hemolysin production of bacteria isolates present on the hands of the students. A total of 6 samples were obtained. The samples were analyzed using cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics (citrate, indole, oxidase, catalase, motility, triple sugar ion and coagulase). The bacteria isolates recovered were S. aureus 3(25%), C. jeikeium 1(8.33), S. epidermidis 4(33.33), S. hominids 2(16.67) and Escherichia coli 2(16.67). All isolates of S. aureus, E. coli and S. hominis showed complete hemolysis (Beta hemolysis) while S. epidemidis and C. jeikeium were non hemolytic (Gamma hemolysis). All Gram positive isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, rifampin and septrin. Gram negative bacteria isolates were highly resistant to nalixidic acid, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and ampicillin

he bacteriological and biochemical quality of fish feeds used by fish farmers in Ikpoba-Okha and Egor local government area in metropolis were evaluated in this study. A total of twelve (12) samples were assessed from both locations. Questionnaires were administered to the farmers to get their informed consent. Samples were collected and analyzed in the laboratory within 1-5 hours after collection, standard microbiological analysis involving total heterotrophic count of the fish feeds, total coliform bacteria count of the fish feeds, Identification of the bacteria most prevalent in the feeds and antibiotics susceptibility pattern of the bacterial isolates. The results revealed that the mean value of total heterotrophic bacteria count for fish feeds obtained from Ikpoba-Okha was 1.72±7.02x10 2 cfu/ml while Egor had a mean value of 5.20±2.13x10 2 cfu/ml. The total coliform bacteria count for Ikpoba-Okha was 0.2±0.82x10 2cfu/ml and Egor, 0.78±3.16x10 2cfu/ml. The prevalence of bacteria isolates in fish feeds obtained from both Ikpoba-Okha and Egor local government areas revealed that Escherichia coli was most prevalent with a percentage value of 20.00% while Actinobacter was least prevalent with a percentage value of 2.50%. Salmonella, Klebsiella sp, Citrobacter, Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Chromobacterium, Proteus vulgaris and Shigella sp. Were also present. Antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that all Gram positive bacteria identified in this study was susceptible to gentamycin and ofloxacin, meanwhile all bacteria identified in this study were resistant to ceftriaxone/ceftrazone