resistance

Carbon steel is fundamentally an alloy comprising of iron and carbon, and other alloying elements such as manganese with 1.0% maximum content and silicon with 0.3% maximum content (Onyekpe, 2002). It is the most important steel used in petroleum and chemical industries since it accounts for over 98% of the construction materials. Carbon steels materials are predominantly used for flow lines, transmission pipelines and downhole tubulars in the oil and gas industry, most possibly owing to their low cost (Nesic et al, 2010; Ghareba et al, 2010; Liu et al, 2011; Badr, 2009). For instance, the cost of stainless steels especially that of austenitic steels (AISI 304 & 316) is currently about 8 times greater than that of carbon steels (Panossian et al, 2012; Finsgar et al, 2014). Among the most widely used carbon steel is the medium carbon steel. It is classified on the basis of their carbon content varying from 0.25% to 0.5%. The carbon steel that has been mostly used as the main production material for transmission pipelines, downhole tubulars, and flow lines in the oil and gas industry is API N80 (Walker, 1994; Yadav et al, 2012; Vishwanatham et al, 2008; Zhu et al, 2011), with carbon varying from 0.23% - 0.52%, (Finsgar et al, 2014). However, this material is susceptible to corrosion when used in chloride environment without any form of surface treatment or protection (Seidu and Ketulu, 2013).

This project focuses on the design, construction, and experimental analysis of three distinct meter bridges fabricated using aluminum, steel, and copper base plates. The primary objective was to measure and compare the internal resistance of a constantan wire using these three different conductive materials, and to analyze how the type of base metal affects the accuracy, sensitivity, and stability of resistance measurements. The study is based on the fundamental principle of the Wheatstone Bridge, which provides a reliable method for comparing and determining unknown resistances by achieving a state of balance between two arms of an electrical network. The meter bridge, being a modified form of the Wheatstone bridge, was selected due to its simplicity, accuracy, and wide applicability in electrical measurement laboratories. During fabrication, each meter bridge consisted of a one-meter uniform wire mounted on a polished metal base (aluminum, steel, or copper), fitted with thick brass strips, standard resistors, binding posts, and a jockey for variable contact. A Leclanché cell served as the power source, and a center-zero galvanometer was employed to detect the balance point. Constantan was chosen as the test wire due to its negligible temperature coefficient of resistance and high mechanical stability. Experimental readings were taken for various known resistances, and the corresponding balance lengths were recorded. The internal resistance of the constantan wire was computed and analyzed.

Gender as a broad concept has been discussed from several pivots. While some scholars focus on the meaning, origin and proponents, some examine the movements in support of the concept while a host of others oppose the motion. However, much emphasis has not been placed on the concept of quest for identity by African women in the African society perhaps as a result of the limitation of scholarly interest in the concept. This essay, through the feminism theory, examines the quest for identity of African women with focus on issues related to the African woman and her society. Issues like single parenting, the pursuit for self-identity, dominance and oppression from the male gender, resistance, self-awareness and the quest for equality. This emphasis is to show that while some African women still dwell in the stet of African culture others have become vicious enough to rebel against it and make attempt to stand out. Amma Darko's Faceless and Bayo Adebowale's Lonely Days are use as the primary texts. case study

The nasal cavity hosts a wide array of organisms. Pathogenic organisms may find access into the sinuses leading to infection. Plasmids, which are small extracellular DNA molecules, play a role by transferring resistance encoded genes among bacteria, facilitating the spread of antibiotic resistance. By investigating the role of plasmid genes in potential treatment failures, the research seeks to broaden our understanding on how plasmids mediate
antibiotic resistance. This knowledge is key for developing effective strategies to combat
sinusitis disease using anti microbialagents.
Methods: The study evaluated forty-three patients from the Ear Nose and Throat Clinic of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin city. Patient’s data collected were age,gender, alcoholhistory, smokinghistory, medical history. Isolates obtainedwere subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and plasmid curing with acridine orange as the curing agentusingstandardagardiscdiffusionmethod. Results: A total of 58.1% of our study participants were female, and 41.9% were male. Participants aged 16-25 had the highest sinusitis occurrence (27.9%). Nasal discharge was the most encountered symptom across all participants. Staphylococcus aureus dominated in
the nasal cavity of study participants (35.1% aerobic) compared to other organisms isolated. Pseudomonas aeruginosa accounted for the highest abundance (31.3%) under anaerobic condition. Multi-drug resistance was observed in 23.4% and 25% of total aerobic and anaerobic isolates respectively. Resistance to fluoroquinolones was lost post curing in Staphylococcusspp,Klebsiellaspp.
Conclusion: Females were more susceptible to sinusitis with recurrent episodes experienced compared to males. The presence of plasmid-mediated multidrug resistance genes
underscores the need for antibiograms, and rational antibiotics use insinusitis treatment.