HEALTH FACILITY

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are major global health concerns, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Nigeria accounts for a substantial burden, with millions affected by both viruses. HBV and HIV share common transmission routes and pose serious health risks, especially among immunocompromised individuals such as oncology patients. The aim of this study is to determine the seroprevalence of HBV and HIV among oncology patients attending secondary and tertiary health facilities in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted among oncology patients at the University Of Benin Teaching Hospital. A total of 150 consenting patients were recruited for the study. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. Venous blood samples (3ml) were collected, and analyzed for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HIV antibodies using rapid diagnostic test kits following standard procedures and manufacturer’s instructions. Females constituted the majority of the study population. The results in this study showed total seroprevalence of HIV was 4% (3 males and 3 females) , while HBV was 2% ( 1 male and 2 females) . Infections were only recorded among patients with carcinoma-type cancers with a prevalence of 4.8% and 2.4% for HIV and HBV respectively. Age-specific analysis showed that HIV infection was most prevalent in age groups 51-60 (7.4%) and 41–50 (6.7%). HBV prevalence was highest among patients ages 51–60 (7.4%). Age and sex showed not statistical significant in influencing infection. Awareness level revealed that although all participants had heard of HIV, only a small portion was aware of HBV. In conclusion, these findings observed a measurable prevalence of HIV and HBV among oncology patients in Benin City. Increased awareness of viral infections, particularly among high-risk groups should be implemented to improve early detection, prevent reactivation (HBV) during immunosuppressive therapy, and reduce complications related to coinfection.

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of stroke and it's associated risk factors among patients admitted at the neurological ward of University of a tertiary health facility. The objectives this research work aims to determine the prevalence of Cerebrovascular accident, identify the associated risk factors, determine the percentage of stroke survivors and distribution of mortality rate. The study employed a retrospective descriptive survey design method. The area of study was the neurology
ward in the University of Benin Teaching hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. Of a total population of two thousand three hundred and thirty-nine patients admitted, one thousand three hundred and ninety-seven patients were diagnosed of CVA and their data was collated. Purposive sampling technique was used. A well-structured checklist was used to elicit items relevant to the research objectives. The study showed that the prevalence of CVA was 58.9% of the total population, and the most prevalent risk factors were hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The percentage of survivors was 69.4% and the distribution of mortality was highest amongst the males, age group 50-69, married patients, tertiary level of education, Christians, and Bini. The study therefore recommends that community education on lifestyle modifications, beneficial nutritional practices, maintaining appropriate body weight should be ensured. Also health workers should make anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and blood glucose level a routine procedure to ensure prompt treatment and eradication of these risk factors.

This study explored the knowledge of occupational hazards and safety practices among 258 nurses in a tertiary health facility in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria, through a comprehensive survey. The research examined socio-demographic characteristics, awareness of various occupational hazards (physical, biological, chemical, ergonomic, and psychosocial), exposure levels, and adherence to safety protocols. Results indicated that 60.9% of nurses possessed good knowledge of occupational hazards, 33.3% had moderate knowledge, and 5.8% exhibited poor knowledge. High awareness was noted for workplace hazards (95.3%) and their potential adverse health effects (96.5%), though knowledge of relevant laws and regulations was lower (68.2%). Exposure to occupational hazards was significant, with 41.1% of nurses reporting high exposure and 50.0% experiencing moderate exposure. Frequently encountered hazards included prolonged standing (72.5%), low back pain (68.6%), workplace stress (76.7%), and exposure to disinfectants (55.0%). Overcrowded workplaces (56.6%) and infectious diseases (37.6%) were also prevalent concerns. Safety practices were robust, with 71.3% of nurses demonstrating good adherence, particularly in regular hand hygiene (77.1% strongly agree) and proper disposal of sharps (74.0% strongly agree). However, disagreement regarding needle recapping (24.8%) suggested areas for improved training. A chi-square analysis (χ² = 104.216, p < 0.001) confirmed a significant relationship between higher knowledge levels and better safety practices, underscoring the importance of education in fostering safer behaviors. The findings highlight gaps in organizational safety systems, such as limited systematic hazard identification (59.7%), and the need for targeted interventions. Recommendations include enhanced training on hazard- specific risks, regular risk assessments, ergonomic improvements, and stricter policy enforcement to mitigate exposure and promote a safer working environment for nurses in tertiary healthcare settings.