FACULTY OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE

The growing demand for energy conservation and sustainable technologies has highlighted the need for intelligent systems to optimize energy consumption in various domains, including lighting. This paper presents the design and implementation of a real-time energy-efficient smart lighting system that integrates advanced sensors, wireless communication, and adaptive control strategies. The system employs motion sensors, ambient light sensors, and time-based algorithms to dynamically adjust lighting levels based on environmental conditions, occupancy, and user preferences. The smart lighting system is capable of reducing energy wastage by automatically dimming or turning off lights in unoccupied spaces, while ensuring adequate illumination when needed. Additionally, the system incorporates real-time monitoring and data analytics to track energy consumption patterns, providing actionable insights for further optimization. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system in reducing energy consumption, enhancing user comfort, and contributing to sustainable building management practices. The system offers a scalable solution for residential, commercial, and industrial applications, addressing both environmental and economic goals of energy efficiency

Three soil tests were gathered from the Ogheghe people group, Benin City, Edo state. The examples were exposed to a few research facility tests which included; Dampness content assurance, Atterberg limit (fluid breaking point and plastic cutoff), Molecule size examination, Explicit gravity, Compaction test, and California bearing proportion tests. As far as possible pliancy records are 53.87%, 32.59%, 35.13%, 14.81%, and 36.86%, 15.92% separately. The most extreme dry thickness and ideal dampness content qualities are 1.60g/cm3, 1.65g/cm3, 1.74g/cm3 and 14.2%, 11.4%, and 13.4% separately. Results acquired were
contrasted and the writing and the Government Service of Works and Lodging (FMWH) necessities, demonstrating these dirts are really great for filling and subgrade in street development. In any case, I recommend that more examination ought to be directed to decide their appropriateness for use in other design developments.

This paper focuses on the application of forensic science in latent fingerprint detection by the usage of distinct nanomaterials and their benefit with respect to the quality of fingerprint images. Nanotechnology is involved with the study of nanoscale materials, it is having a substantial impact in every industry. It is a widely used technique because of its ability to change and characterize matter down to individual and tiny atoms. Nanoparticles have recently showed considerable potential in the production of nano-fingerprints i.e. the nextgeneration of fingerprint development procedures. Silica nanoparticles were produced to detect invisible finger impressions on non-absorbent surfaces. Silicon usually has been obtained from mineral in rock and sand, however, silicon also can be obtained in organic material such as risk husk, bamboo leaf, wheat husk and another agricultural waste. Bamboo is a source of organic silica (bio-silica). The bamboo absorbs silicic acid from the water and then convert it into SiO2 hydrate in the root branches and leaves

Crude oil spills in Nigeria poison farmland, killing plants and microbes while adding dangerous hydrocarbons and heavy metals that hurt crops and human health. This study tests a low-cost, eco-friendly fix using fermented whey from guinea grass (Panicum maximum) leaves to boost soil microbes that eat oil. The aim was to see how well this whey cleans oil-polluted soil by cutting total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and restoring soil quality. The scope included collecting leaves (Panicum maximum) from University of Benin sports complex, processing the leaves into whey and fermenting the whey at various periods for twelve days. The whey samples were further characterized to further determine pH, electrical conductivity, moisture, organic matter, carbon, nitrate, phosphate, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and microbial counts to evaluate the whey with the best potential with respect to fermentation time—day 12 with pH 5.74, EC 4804 µS/cm, TOC 67.27%, nitrate 394.17 mg/kg, and high microbial growth (819 CFU/ml at 10⁻¹). Bioremediation potential of the whey was evaluated by treating agricultural soil. The day-12 whey results showed that soil treated with 200 ml was best, raising pH from 5.21 to 7.19, nitrogen from 19.10 to 27.18 mg/kg, phosphorus from 12.65 to 14.98 mg/kg, potassium from 6.23 to 12.45 mg/kg. TPH results showed that hexatriacontane rose to 1.17mg/L increased in the treated soil compared to the untreated contaminated soil, indicating its formation as a biodegradation intermediate during the breakdown of heavier hydrocarbons. Hexatriacontane showed a significant reduction to 0.05mg/L after whey treatment, demonstrating effective microbial attack on heavy hydrocarbon fractions. Heavy metals analysis indicates a significant reduction in metal concentration as in iron from 45.67mg/kg to 32.45mg/kg, zinc 18.90 mg/kg to 12.34 mg/kg copper 7.56 mg/kg to 5.12 mg/kg. Day 12 fermented Panicum maximum whey gave the best remediation potential.

The phytochemical, proximate, and mineral composition of the mixed solvents extract of the leaves of Ficus capensis collected from university of Benin, Edo state was investigated. The parameters investigated were determined using standard biochemical methods. Phytochemical studies carried out on mixed ethanol and methanol extract of Ficus capensis leaves showed high levels of flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins and alkaloids while glycosides, saponins, steroids were in trace amount, with no anthraquinone present. The proximate analysis of the leaves revealed that Ficus capensis leaves has a high carbohydrate content of (36.45%), moisture content of (20.22%), crude fiber (20.41) significant amount of crude protein (15.70%), lipids (4.24%) and very low amount ash content of (2.98%). This composition shows that the sample could be a good source of carbohydrate, moisture, and fiber. The mineral content showed the presence of zinc, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and iron content. This indicates the tendency of Ficus capensis to be able to control osmotic balance, essential for bone formation, lower blood pressure and also act a source of antioxidant vitamins and minerals. Additionally, the pH, electrical conductivity of the soil, and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) analysis of the leaf extracts were conducted. In which the TLC was used to identify the component present in the
extracts. The presence of these phytochemicals and minerals in this leafy vegetable supports the use of the leaves of Ficus capensis for food and ethno medicinal purposes in many parts of Nigeria and across the globe.

This study is aimed at determining the Caffeine content in two varieties of kolanuts,cola acuminata (red kola)and cola nitida(white kola). The Samples were obtained from New Benin market,Edo state. The extraction of Caffeine was done using solvent extraction method and infra-red spectroscopy was used to detect the functional groups present in the Caffeine isolated. The percentage yield for the cola nitida was 0.04% while that of cola acuminata was 0.06%. the I.R band observed at 1646.24cm-1 (C=C) stretch of Alkene, 1700.93cm-1 (C=O) stretch of amide and 3437.36cm-1 (N-H) stretch of amine among others for the cola nitida (white kolanuts) and 1647.25cm-1 (C=C) stretch of
alkenes,1700.54(C=0) stretch of amide and 3442.11cm-1 (N-H) stretch of amine among others for the Cola Acuminata (red kolanuts). The values of these bands suggest the presence of amine groups which confirms the presence of alkaloids (Caffeine). From this research, the caffeine content for the Samples was determined and found that the red kolanuts (cola acuminata) contains more caffeine compared to the white kolanuts (cola nitida).

This research project provides a solution which would help enable the ease of navigating through a new campus environment as every year there are new students in every university. In this study, I highlighted the importance of the campus navigation system using University Of Benin, ugbowo, as a case study. Agile methodology was adopted for this project, and a few data collection method was adopted. This study evolved into a feasible navigation system, which would help ease the confusion that comes with entering a new university campus

The idea of a library has moved beyond the physical world and found a new home in the increasingly digital era. The developing environment of digital libraries and their significant influence on knowledge transmission, preservation, and accessibility are explored in this abstract. Digital libraries
act as repositories for enormous and varied informational collections, encompassing anything from scientific research and classic literature to multimedia archives and cultural heritage. They enable people to conveniently access information at any time and from any location, democratizing knowledge in ways that were previously unthinkable. Digital libraries also have a significant impact on the preservation of delicate and endangered artifacts, protecting cultural treasures and priceless historical records. Their comprehensive metadata systems and archiving methods make it possible to permanently preserve knowledge for future generations.

Semi-conductor thin films of copper-sulphide (CuS), were successfully deposited on glass substrates and room temperature, using improved solution growth technique (SGT) at different bath concentration. Absorbance spectra(A) data were measured by a
T80+UV/VIS Double beam spectrometer was used to obtain the spectra absorbance data, while the other optical and solid-state properties of the films were obtained by calculations based on theory. The average optical and solid-state properties include:
Absorbance(A)=0.001-0.322, Transmittance(T)=0.476-1.002, Reflectance (R)=-0.002- 0.202, Absorbing power(a)=-0.002-0.742, Refractive index(n)=0.914-2.629. Average solid-state properties are, Film Thickness(t)=0.476-1.002 and band gap (Eg)= 1.34- 3.47eV. It is observed that the films have n>1.9, these films could find useful applications as:
(i) Construction of poultry house, (ii) Solar cells, (iii) anti-dazzling coatings. The deposited films with band gap (Eg) within light energy range (-1.3-3.5 eV) of electromagnetic spectrum could find application in solar electricity for rural electrification to improve the standard of living, Telecommunication, Remote monitoring and control system.

This project was centered on card based security system. The current process of security is being operated manually and due to this procedure numerous problem are been encountered. A design was taken to computerized the manual process in order to check this problem. The problems were identified after series of interviews and examination of documents after which analysis was made and a computerized procedure recommended. This project will also suggest how to successfully implement the computerized procedure
and to overcome the obstacle that would hinder the successful implementation of the system. The new system was designed using Microsoft visual basic 6.0 programming language. This language was chosen because of its easy syntax and features for developing windows based applications.