This study examines social work intervention strategies for women victims of widowhood rites in Uvwie Community. The study adopted survey administration of questionnaire to a sample of 100 respondents. The data was analysed using simple percentage tables. The results revealed that the actual problems facing window in Uvwie community can be handled by social work strategies. The result shows that cultural factors are major cause of these widowhood rite problems in Uvwie community. The result also shows that widowhood rites affect children and the society at large. The study recommends that wwidows need to be adequately educated; Governments, Social Worker and Non- governmental organizations, as well as religious bodies should be proactive and take up the responsibility of educating women so as to resist them from those who want to subject them to traumatizing widowhood rites. All stakeholders should embark on programmes that would empower widows through various skills acquisition programmes, for them to become self-reliant and take care of their immediate families as well as to contribute to
the growth and development of the nation. Also, Social Worker, Governments and all other stake holders should embark on programmes that would enhance periodic information through enlightenment programmes for widows and the generality of women, particularly on the issue of widowhood. Women should be wise enough to encourage their husband’s to write wills and also to formally concede properties to them while the man is still alive. On the other hand, the women themselves should try as much as possible to be working all find something doing this will ease the financial burden that will arise at the demise of their husbands.

Clay minerals are naturally occurring fine-grained materials composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates, formed through the prolonged weathering and hydrothermal alteration of feldspathic rocks under diverse environmental conditions. This study was aimed at investigating the synergetic effect of Ubiaja clay and Uzala black clay and their antibacterial properties against clinical isolates. The clays were collected from Edo State, Nigeria and investigated for parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, chloride, nitrate, sulphate, phosphate, organic carbon, and metal content. Antimicrobial assays were conducted using the agar disc diffusion method, while minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were determined through serial dilution techniques. Results revealed that Uzala black clay exhibited stronger antimicrobial activity than Ubiaja clay, attributed to its higher organic matter and iron content. The combined sample demonstrated synergistic enhancement, showing the lowest MIC (25 mg/mL) and highest inhibition zones (up to 4.2 mm), particularly against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Physicochemical data showed that Ubiaja clay had higher mineralization, whereas Uzala black clay was richer in redox-active components, both contributing to their antibacterial potency. The clays also inhibited multidrug-resistant isolates that exhibited resistance to β-lactam antibiotics but sensitivity to fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides. The findings suggest that locally sourced clays possess promising antimicrobial potential and could serve as cost-effective complementary agents in managing infections, especially in regions affected by antibiotic resistance.

The study investigated the financial literacy and sustainability of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Benin Metropolis, Edo State. The research design adopted for this study is the descriptive survey research design. The population for this study was made up of all small scale business owners in Benin City, Edo State. According to the Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agency of Nigeria (SMEDAN), there are 69,104 registered small scale businesses in Benin City, Edo State. The study’s sample size consisted of 100 small-scale business owners which were selected from four communities in Benin City, Edo State: Uselu, Oluku, Isihor, and Egor. The data collected for this study was analyzed using frequency counts and simple percentages while the hypotheses for the study were tested using chi-square method.

This research study examined National Question of State Police as a Panacea to security in Edo South Senatorial District, Nigeria. The study aimed to determine the crime rates in Edo South Senatorial District, Edo State, find out the most common crime in Edo South Senatorial District, Edo State, ascertain the roles of State Police in crime control in Edo South Senatorial District, Edo State, and determine the perception of the Edo South residents towards State Police if established. Anchored on structuralfunctionalism theory as the theoretical framework of the study, the research descriptive survey design methods and questionnaires to obtain information and employ frequencies and percentages to analyze data. The research unveils that there is a high rate of crime in the senatorial district, kidnapping rank first among the common crime in the senatorial district, followed by cultism,theft/burglary, then rape, and fighting, Edo South senatorial district residents perceived that the if State Police get established, will be very good, worthwhile and commendable. It was suggested that the government should make a priority to meaningfully engage the youth in 7 the county thereby reducing the rate of unemployment, for an adage says "idle hands are the devil's workshop, the establishment of the State Police is strategic to the national security of the country because of its size and heterogeneous nature. The State Police if created will not only decongest the administrative stress at the federal level but will also have a closer chief of security of icer in the person of the governor monitoring to address security issues before they escalate, to this end if it gets initiated, it should be guided against abuse by State actors

The efficiency and reliability of photovoltaic (PV) systems are largely determined by their ability to extract maximum power under varying environmental conditions. This project presents the implementation of an IoT-based investigative system for Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) in photovoltaic arrays, focusing on the comparative performance of the MPPT and Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) charge controllers. The system integrates voltage and current sensors with an ESP32 microcontroller to measure and record PV parameters in real time. Through IoT connectivity, the collected data is transmitted to a cloud-based platform for remote monitoring, analysis, and visualization, enabling real-time tracking of PV performance. Experimental tests were conducted under different irradiance and temperature levels to evaluate the charging efficiency, dynamic response, and adaptability of both controllers. The MPPT controller dynamically adjusted the operating point of the PV module to maximize energy extraction, while the PWM controller maintained a simpler, fixed switching mechanism. Additionally, the system allowed for a detailed analysis of the relationship between light intensity, temperature, and PV output performance, with the readings interpreted from real-time graphical charts. These insights revealed how environmental variations affect energy generation and charge controller efficiency.

This study examined the influence of parent-student communication on the emotional well-being of students in public universities in Edo State, Nigeria. The purpose was to determine how the frequency, quality, and styles of parent-student communication affect students’ emotional well- being.. Four research questions and three hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The population comprised all undergraduate students of the University of Benin, while the sample consisted of 300 and 400-level students drawn from all 15 faculties. A structured questionnaire titled The Impact of Parent-Student Communication and Emotional Well-Being Questionnaire (TIPSCEWQ) was used for data collection, which had a reliability coefficient of 0.825. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and one-sample t-tests to test the hypotheses. Findings revealed that frequent, open, and supportive communication between parents and students significantly enhances emotional well-being, while harsh and authoritarian styles have negative effects. It was recommended that parents adopt supportive communication, maintain regular contact, and utilize digital media to strengthen relationships with their children

This research investigates lexical indigenization strategies in contact languages, using the Edo language as a case study. The study explores how foreign lexical items are adapted into Edo through various phonological and morphological processes to suit the linguistic and cultural structure of the language. Chapter One presents the background of the study, outlining the influence of language contact on lexical borrowing, and highlights the significance of indigenization as a means of preserving linguistic identity while accommodating new expressions. Chapter Two provides a detailed review of relevant literature, examining scholarly contributions on borrowing, language contact, phonological modification, and indigenization strategies in African languages. The review reveals that contact-induced change is a universal linguistic process influenced by sociolinguistic and phonological factors. Chapter Three discusses the theoretical framework adopted for the study, which is based on the descriptive linguistic approach. This framework enables the analysis of borrowed lexical items at the phonological level, focusing on modifications such as insertion, substitution, deletion, and extension. Chapter Four presents the data analysis and discussion of findings, showing that borrowed words in Edo undergo systematic phonological adaptation to conform to Edo phonotactic rules. Examples illustrate how sound patterns are adjusted to ensure natural pronunciation within the Edo linguistic system. The study also reveals that lexical indigenization is a creative process that reflects both linguistic necessity and cultural integration. Finally, Chapter Five provides a summary of the major findings, emphasizing that lexical indigenization not only enriches the Edo lexicon but also demonstrates the dynamic and adaptive nature of language in contact situations. The study concludes that lexical indigenization serves as a vital mechanism for linguistic survival, identity preservation, and cultural continuity in multilingual societies.

This study investigates the UNIBEN undergraduates exposure and responsiveness to PiggyVest's targeted online advertising. In an increasingly digital world, online financial services like PiggyVest have become popular, especially among young people. This
research aims to understand the level of awareness and engagement of UNIBEN students with PiggyVest's marketing campaigns. Specifically, the study seeks to: determine the extent to which UNIBEN undergraduates are exposed to PiggyVest's online advertisements, evaluate the effectiveness of these advertisements in influencing their financial behavior, and identify the factors that influence their responsiveness to the platform's marketing messages. A quantitative research design was employed, utilizing a survey to collect data from a sample of UNIBEN undergraduates. The data was analyzed using summary and analytics statistics to determine the relationship between exposure to targeted online advertising and the responsiveness of the students. The researcher therefore, conclude that online advertisement should be utilized more in creating awareness about products or services. Thus, the researcher recommended that piggyvest company should continue to use online advertising to create awareness for their services

Fraud is a reoccurring challenge in financial systems, affecting businesses, government institutions, and the economy at large. Traditional auditing methods dependence on manual procedures has made them inadequate for detecting and preventing fraudulent activities. A technological answer to this problem is the use of automated forensic auditing, which uses machine learning, artificial intelligence, and advanced data analytics to improve fraud detection and control. The study uses a qualitative and quantitative research approach, collecting data from organizations that have adopted forensic auditing technologies. The results will provide useful insights for management, auditors, investors, regulatory bodies, public users, researchers, and policymakers in strengthening fraud control mechanisms in Nigeria. However, the adoption and implementation of automated forensic auditing in Nigeria face several obstacles, including high costs, a shortage of skilled forensic auditors, and inadequate regulatory frameworks

The study assessed the levels of heavy metals in soils near sand mining sites in Iyuku, Auchi, Edo State, Nigeria and evaluated associated non-carcinogenic health risks through incidental ingestion. Soil samples were collected from ten locations, air-dried, sieved and analyzed for Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Mn, Ni, Cr and Co using atomic absorption spectrophotometry after aqua regia digestion. Mean concentrations were highest for Fe (56.24 mg/kg), followed by Zn (27.15 mg/kg) and Cu (18.76 mg/kg), with Cd and Co at trace levels (0.45 mg/kg and 0.32 mg/kg, respectively). All values fell below World Health Organization (WHO, 2011) and United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA, 1992) soil quality guidelines, indicating limited contamination. Chronic daily intake (CDI) via ingestion was calculated for children and adults, revealing higher exposure in children due to behavioural factors. Hazard quotients (HQ) for individual metals and the hazard index (HI) for combined exposure were all below 1, suggesting negligible non-carcinogenic risks. However, elevated Fe and Zn near active pits highlight the need for ongoing monitoring. The findings underscore the importance of regulatory measures to prevent future escalation of risks in similar mining communities, emphasizing sustainable practices to protect vulnerable groups.