2024

The subject of homosexuality in Africa has generally gathered mixed sentiments. There is the general belief that homosexuality is a product of westernization and colonial impact, homosexuality is generally frowned upon in African countries like Nigeria. Homophobia which is the dislike or fear of any form of sexual orientation besides the heteronormative view ( male and female) is shown to be prevelent in the Nigerian society. Hence, this study will focus on the points of conflict between the heteronormative view and the homosexual view. It makes use of the qualitative research method to carry out the textual analysis of the novels as it helps understand the perception and view that both writers have towards homophobia. Akwaeke Emezi and Uzodinma Iweala demonstrate the artistic depiction of homophobia and it's impact on homosexuals in the Nigerian society. Several characters deal with their contrasting views and awareness throughout the novels. For instance, Vivek Oji suffers an identity crisis and eventual acceptance of his sexual orientation and Niru, despite opposition from family and religious leaders chooses to accept his sexuality. This research does not take sides for ar against homosexuality or homophobia. It however concludes that there is a divide between the older generation of traditional heteronormative African view and the younger generation's view on tolerance towards homosexuality

In the digital era, the role of non-technical users in ensuring cybersecurity has become increasingly critical. This research project delves into the multifaceted domain of enhancing cybersecurity awareness among individuals without technical backgrounds. The primary objective is to conduct a comprehensive study that evaluates the current state of cybersecurity awareness among non-technical users and proposes effective strategies for improvement. The study will adopt a mixed-methods approach, combining surveys, interviews, and behavioral observations to assess the existing level of cybersecurity awareness among the target demographic. Special attention will be given to understanding common misconceptions, areas of vulnerability, and the impact of individual behaviors on overall cybersecurity posture. Furthermore, the research will explore the efficacy of various educational interventions, including workshops, training modules, and awareness campaigns, in enhancing cybersecurity knowledge and practices among non-technical users. The project aims to identify the most effective methods for imparting cybersecurity concepts in an accessible and engaging manner. The anticipated outcome of this research is a set of evidence-based recommendations for organizations and educational institutions to design and implement tailored cybersecurity awareness programs. By bridging the gap between technical intricacies and everyday user experiences, this study seeks to contribute to a safer digital environment for all individuals, regardless of their technical expertise

Microbial contamination is a major factor affecting the shelf life and safety of bread. This study was carried out to analyze the bacterial and fungal growth in bread fortified with different levels of Scomber scombrus (0%, 10%, 20% and 30%) over a three-day period immediately after processing. The bread was prepared with varying levels of Scomber scombrus and the treatments (A, B, C and D) were assigned based on the percentage of of the fish concentrate. The bread samples were stored under controlled conditions for three days, small portions of each bread samples were taken at different time points (Day 0, Day 3) and the samples were placed in sterile containers to prevent external contamination. Bacterial counts (CFU/g) on Day 0 ranged from 4.10 × 10² (Treatment A) to 1.20 × 10³ (Treatment D), while by Day 3, these values increased significantly, with Treatment D reaching 2.40 × 10³ CFU/g. Similarly, fungal counts (CFU/g) on Day 0 ranged from 1.70 × 10² (Treatment A) to 3.40 × 10² (Treatment D), increasing by Day 3 to a maximum of 4.20 × 10² CFU/g in Treatment D. Statistical analysis (P < 0.05) showed significant differences across treatments, indicating variations in microbial growth rates. The results suggest that proper storage methods and preservation techniques, such as refrigeration, airtight packaging, and antifungal agents, are crucial for maintaining bread quality and safety. Future research should explore the impact of different preservatives and environmental conditions on microbial proliferation in bakery products.

Advancements in technology have led to a steady decline in the effort required to produce work, with better designs offering an effective and economical means to achieve desired outcomes with reduced effort. Power screws serve to transform rotary motion into translator y motion, as exemplified by the screw jack, where a minor horizontal force elevates or descends a substantial load. Operating akin to an inclined plane, the mechanical advantage of a screw jack is determined by the ratio of load to effort applied. Adjustment of the jack's height is facilitated by turning a lead screw, achievable either manually or through integration of an electric motor. The whole components is designed on a base plate of relatively good resistance to deformity and act as a support to weight balancing during the operation of the motor
This project analyzes the fabrication of a motorized screw jack by incorporating an electric motor in the screw in order to make load lifting easier. In this fabrication design, the power screw is rotated by connecting motor through universal joint and gear axle to power the screw jack plugged to the automobile 12 V battery source to generate power for the prime mover (motor), which transmits its rotating speed to the power screw to be rotated with required speed reduction and increased torque to drive the power screw. The significance of this project to design a car jack in form of motor operating condition in order to make the operation easier, safer and more reliable in order to reduce health risks especially back ache problems associated with doing work in a bent or squatting position for a long period of time. The motorized screw jack is easy to use by women or whoever had problem with the vehicle tyres along the road. It will also save time and requires less human energy to operate. Based on results, the project provide a motorized jack able to effectively lift a load of 750kg to 1000kg and also provide a safe usage during maintenance of vehicle.

This project focuses on the upgrade of an electric bicycle to enhance its performance and range. The objective is to improve the distance travelled and charging power of the bicycle through technical enhancements and component upgrades. Methods include the integration of advanced battery technology, indication upgrade, and enhancements to the control systems. Results demonstrate significant improvements in speed, range, and overall user experience. The findings of this project contribute to the advancement of electric bicycle technology, offering insights into potential upgrades for future models

The World Health Organization reported that over 186 million couples in developed countries suffered from infertility a condition that is more worrisome in the so-called infertility belt of sub- Saharan Africa and about 40-50 % of the problem is attributed to men. Long Jack XXXL Sperm Enhancer an herbal supplement containing long jack (Eurycoma longifolia) commonly referred to as Tongkat Ali, siberian ginseng, maca extract, fenugreek extract and horny goat weed. It has been revered for its aphrodisiac and fertility-enhancing properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Long Jack sperm enhancer supplementation on the sperm quality and quantity in male Wistar rats. The rats were grouped into five and administered varying concentration of Long Jack XXXL excluding the control group for 28 days. Group 1 was given commercial rat feed and water, group 2 received 10 mg/kg Long Jack dissolved in 2 mL distilled water, group 3 received 20 mg/kg Long Jack dissolved in 2 mL distilled water, group 4 received 40 mg/kg Long Jack dissolved in 2 mL distilled water and group 5 received 80 mg/kg Long Jack dissolved in 2 mL distilled water orally by gavage. On day 29 the rats were sacrificed and the caudal epididymis was excised for semen analysis. The Sperm count increased from the control group 1(8.57±2.0), to 9.6±1.9 group 2, to 9.2±2.5 (group 3), to 9.9±2.2 (group 4), to 10.1±1.2 (group 5). The differences in the means were however not statistically significant (p>0.5) when compared with control. There was no difference in the mean progressive motility, non- progressive motility, immotile form, normal morphology and abnormal morphology when compared with control. Long Jack sperm enhancer did not significantly increase sperm quantity and quantity of male Wistar rat.

This study reviewed CEO characteristics and firm value in Nigeria Over the period of 2018 - 2023. The study’s objective is to examine the to examine the impact of CEO education and firm value in Nigeria, to analyze the impact of CEO religion on firm value in Nigeria, to examine the influence of CEO age on firm value in Nigeria and to investigate the effect of CEO political affiliation nd firm value in Nigeria. The Research design used in this study is the quantitative method, secondary data was collected from 50 rms sourced from the Nigerian stock exchange, the study utilised the panel data regression approach, given the nature of the ataset, the data was analysed using correlation coefficient and regression analysis. The analysis revealed several key findings regarding the factors influencing return on investment (ROI), a positive impact of education on return on investment (ROI), a positive impact of religion on return on equity (ROE), a positive impact of age on return on equity, implying that older age groups may tend to achieve higher returns, while firm size was found to have a statistically significant negative impact on return on investment. This implies that larger firms tend to experience lower returns on investment. In conclusion, the analysis provides valuable insights into the factors influencing return on investment (ROI) and return on assets (ROA), the study recommended that investors should diversify decision-making beyond education, considering factors like financial performance and market conditions. Encouraging continuous financial education can empower investors for effective market navigation. Additionally, holistic approaches integrating religion, age, and firm size with risk assessment optimize investment outcomes.

The advent of the digital age has brought about unprecedented advancements and conveniences. However, it has also introduced new challenges, particularly in the realm of cybercrime. Cybercrime encompasses a wide range of illicit activities conducted through the internet, including hacking, identity theft, financial fraud, and cyberterrorism. These activities have far-reaching implications, affecting individuals, corporations, and governments globally. Nigeria, like many other nations, has not been immune to the threats posed by cybercrime. As the country continues to expand its digital footprint, the prevalence of cybercrime has surged, posing significant risks to national security, economic stability, and social well-being.¹ Diplomacy, traditionally viewed as the management of international relations through negotiation, dialogue, and cooperation, has emerged as a critical tool in addressing the multifaceted challenges of cybercrime. The role of diplomacy in combating cybercrime involves fostering international cooperation, establishing legal frameworks, and facilitating information sharing among nations. This study seeks to explore how diplomatic efforts can be leveraged to
combat cybercrime in Nigeria, examining the strategies, successes, and obstacles encountered in this endeavor

Spices are food supplements or food products commonly used as flavouring and colouring agents, preservatives and/or herbs in folk medicine. Murraya koenigii (Linn, Spreng), (Family-Rutaceae) is a type of spice commonly called Curry leaves found in tropical and sub-tropical region and cultivated in China, Australia and Nigeria. It known as efirin oso in Yoruba and marugbo sanyan in Hausa. The aim of this study was to access the antibacterial activities of Murraya koenigii against Salmonella and Shigella species. Samples of commercial Murraya koenigii leaves were analysed and their phytochemical, phytocomponents and proximate components were assayed using standadrd methods. Also antibacterial activities of the olant extracts were investigated using well-in-agar diffusion methods. Data obtained for the different parameters were subjected to statistical analysis using the analysis of variance. The results of the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence flavonoid (8.81 ± 0.09 mg/100g), tannins (20.28 ± 0.53 mg/100g) and phenolic (44.83 ± 1.18 mg/100g) in aqueous extracts and flavonoid (67.1 ± 0.49 mg/100g), tannins (55.5 ± 1.98 mg/100g) and phenolic (68.0 ± 1.40 mg/100g) in ethanolic extract. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry confirmed the presence of Dodocanoic acid (0.40%), Tridecanoic acid (0.69%), Decanoic acid (0.29%), Tetramethyl-2- hexadecon-1-01 (1.65%), ctadecanoic acid (0.45%), Hexadecanoic acid (1.04%), Phthalic acid (1.14%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (29.6%), Hexadecanol (3.35%), acconic acid (6.23%), Octacosane (2.78%), Squalene (2.52%), Tetratetracontane (3.18%) and Cholesterol (1.57%). Zone of inhibition of the aqueous leave extract of Murraya koenigii on Salmonella sp and Shigella sp ranged from 0.10 ± 0.00 - 1.37 ± 0.03mm while zone of ethanolic extract ranged from 0.10 ± 0.00 - 1.67 ± 0.03mm respectively. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ranged from 9.17 ± 2.20 - 45.0 ± 2.88 mg/ml for aqueous extract and 15.0 ± 7.64 - 90.0 ± 5.77 mg/ml for ethanolic extract. inimum actericidal Concentration (MBC) were negative in both aqueous and ethanolic extracts. The proximate analysis revealed the presence of Moisture (8.69 ± 0.52 %), Protein (19.73 ± 0.30%), Ash (1.95 ± 0.00 %), Fibre (4.31 ± 0.29 %), Lipid (6.53 ± 0.50 %) and carbohydrate (43.48 ± 1.72%). Shigella sp and Salmonella sp were resistant to septrin, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin and perfloxacin and susceptible to sparfloxacin, augmentin and gentamycin with Salmonella sp having the highest multiple antibiotic resistance index of 0.5. The isolates were found to harbor plasmids. Plasmid profile of the bacterial isolates after curing showed that Shigella sp was totally cured while presence of visible bands was observed for Salmonella sp. signifying inherent resistance to antibiotics. The antibacterial activities observed in Murraya koenigii leaves extract is due to the presence of phytochemicals. The use of Murraya koenigii in folk medicine is therefore recommended

This study examines the influence of Artificial intelligence on jobs: unemployment and displacement. It captures the implication of Artificial intelligence on the workforce as a whole. The Literature review of the study was segmented into three(3) sections namely; Conceptual review, Theoretical review, and Empirical review. Major Statistical tools of analysis used includes; data visualizations using histograms and the multinomial logistic regression. All tests done were conducted at the 0.05 level of significance. Major findings show that python, AI algorithms, certifications, problem solving, mathematics, and the other skills have a significant effect on getting an AI-related job. The study concludes that the impact AI has on jobs, is more on job loss as regards low-skilled workers, however AI has the ability to complement human workers, which will in turn lead o increased efficiency and productivity. Also as regards job displacement, it will affect mainly low-skilled and routine jobs.