2021

This study examines the effect of Boko Haram terrorism on the Nigerian economy. Boko Haram insurgency, which has persisted primarily in the northeastern region of Nigeria, has resulted in widespread insecurity, loss of lives, destruction of property, and disruption of economic activities. The insurgency has negatively impacted key sectors of the economy, including agriculture, trade, education, and infrastructure, thereby hindering national development and reducing investor confidence. The study adopts a descriptive survey research design and relies on both primary and secondary data sources. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to affected communities, business owners, and local government officials, while secondary data were obtained from journals, reports from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), and publications on national security. Data were analyzed using statistical methods to determine the economic consequences of the Boko Haram insurgency. The findings reveal that Boko Haram terrorism has significantly disrupted economic activities, reduced agricultural production, increased unemployment, discouraged foreign and local investments, and contributed to the diversion of government funds from development projects to security expenditures. The study concludes that terrorism poses a severe threat to Nigeria’s economic growth and stability. It recommends the implementation of stronger security measures, socio-economic development programs in affected regions, and effective counter-insurgency strategies to mitigate the adverse economic effects of terrorism.

Seafood is any form of sea life regarded as food by humans, prominently including fish and shellfish. Seafood is an important source of protein in many diets around the world, especially in coastal areas. Microbiological surveillance of sea food such as crayfish, periwinkle, fish and shrimp’s products provides empirical data to enlighten scientific guidance for improving the safety and quality of food. A total of 52 seafood samples which include 6 shrimps, 15 crayfish, 7 smoked fish, 9 frozen fish, and 15 periwinkles from five local markets in Benin City, Nigeria were assessed. The fish samples were microbiologically assessed using cultural, biochemical and antibiotic susceptibility techniques. The occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus were shrimps [0/6 (0%)], crayfish [4/15 (26.7%)], smoked fish [4/7 (57.1%)], frozen fish [3/9 (33.3%)] and periwinkles [4/15 (26.7%)]. The highest prevalence occurred in smoked fish samples while there was no occurrence observed in shrimp samples. The distribution of Staphylococcus species based on market location were Ekiosa market [2/8 (25%)], Uselu market [1/9 (11.1%)], New Benin market [1/13 (7.7%)], New Market [(4/9) (44.4%)] and Oba market [7/13 (53.9%)]. The highest prevalence was observed at Oba market (53.9%) while the least prevalence was observed at New Benin market (7.7%). The highest antibiotic resistance was demonstrated to penicillin with a resistance rate of 100% while there was no resistance observed towards nitrofurantoin and gentamicin. The multiple antibiotics resistance (MAR) index of Staphylococcus aureus in this study ranged from 0.7 – 0.3. All the isolates were resistant to at least two antibiotics and demonstrated an MAR index ≥ 0.3.

This research investigated Extent of the use of instructional materials for effective teaching and learning of home Economics in secondary school in Edo State. Three research question was raised. How effective is the use of audio instructional materials for effective teaching and learning of home economics in secondary schools in Edo state, what are the problems that are associated with the use of video instructional materials for effective teaching and learning of home economics in secondary schools in Edo state, How much awareness is been created on the use of audio-visual instructional materials for effective teaching and learning of home economics in secondary schools in Edo state. The purpose of the study was to examine the extent of the use of Instructional materials for effective teaching and learning of home economics in secondary school in Edo state. The objective was achieved by analyzing the data obtained on the sampled population, using survey research design and simple proportionate techniques I.e 20% of the population. The sample consist of 53 students drawn from four secondary schools in Ikpoba Okha Local Government Area Edo State. The instrument used for the survey is a questionnaire, which has two sections (A and B) and 15 items. Analysis of the data revealed that. From the above findings. conclusion were drawn and some recommendations were made which include that school authorities should provide avenue for practical which will aid effective teaching and learning of home economics in secondary schools, school authorities should not demand payment from students for the provision of instructional materials, because it will scare them from attending home economics classes, Government and school proprietors should organise training and retraining conference, seminar and workshops for teachers in order to equip them with modern method of teaching and how to utilize instructional materials which could enhance their teaching skills.

Oshiri Community is one of the five communities that make up Onicha Local Government Area in Ebonyi State. The community is broadly divided into two parts – EBIA and UVU. It also comprises sixteen villages which include Umuorie, Umuimam, Agbabi, Isinkwo,Umumgbala, Amankalu, Mboji, Owom, Iyiazu, Ufuezokwu, Isieke and Amaokpara. The Oshiri is 25 square miles approximately. The community is found in the east of the present day Onicha Local Government Area in Ebonyi State in Nigeria. The name Oshiri is derived from the word “Oshimiri” (River).

In this study, the concentration dependent ovicidal effects of three botanicals were investigated on the eggs of Ephestia cautella. Three plants were selected for the experimental process, these include bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina), Neem leaf (Azadirachta indica) and Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata). Aqueous, alcohol and acetone extracts of the selected botanicals were prepared. Eggs of the insect Ephestia cautella were also collected and treated with the various extracts. The ovicidal activity of the various extract o the eggs of E. cautella was investigated after 96h and the percentage mortalities were estimated for the various extracts. Findings from the study revealed that for aqueous extract treatments, the highest percentage mortality 55.81% was recorded for treatments with aqueous extract of Siam weed while the lowest percentage mortality 6.97% was recorded for treatments with aqueous extract of Bitter leaf. For alcohol extracts treatments, the highest percentage mortality 20.00% was recorded for treatments with alcohol extract of Bitter leaf while the lowest percentage mortality 8% was recorded for treatments with alcohol extract of Neem leaf. Ovicidal effect of acetone extract on eggs of Ephestia cautella revealed that the highest percentage mortality 20.00% was recorded for treatments with acetone extract of Bitter leaf and Neem leaf. Aqueous extract of the botanicals were most effective in inhibiting the egg development of E. cautella. The study proved the efficacy of botanicals in preventing the growth and development of destructive plant pests such as Ephestia cautella. key words

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Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schum. and Thonn) Taub, is a leguminous multipurpose tree (Mimosoideae) indigenous to tropical Africa. The plant has long medicinal significance as a molluscide, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agent. This study evaluated the effect of Tetrapleura tetraptera saponins on cardiac histology of Streptozotocin diabetic Wistar rats. Saponin fraction of T. tetraptera stem bark was orally administered to streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats at 10, 20 and 40mg/kg body weight (Group 4, 5 and 6). The effect of saponins on cardiac histology of the treated diabetic rats were compared with untreated control rats (Group 1), untreated diabetic control rats (Group 2) and metformin treated diabetic rats (Group 3) after 12 weeks of treatment. Treatment with graded doses of Tetrapleura tetraptera saponins and standard drug metformin resolved the lesions remarkably in the heart tissue with 20mg/kg body weight extract comparing favorably with metformin. There was an additional beneficial effect of vasodilation and increase in blood flow by the extract. The results from this study revealed that Tetrapleura tetraptera saponins ameliorated Streptozotocin induced pathology of heart tissues and may have resolved the lesions remarkably in the heart, with 20mg/kg body weight dose proving to have the best therapeutic effect.

This study evaluated the use of ICT in the teaching and learning processes amidst pandemic in Adult Literacy Centres in Oredo Local Government Area. The population of the study comprised of facilitators and adult learners in three Adult literacy centres in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State. The study comprised a sample of 120 respondents (25 facilitators and 95 learners), who were selected using the simple random selection method technique. Five research questions were raised, and the questionnaire research instrument was used. The questionnaire comprised of 20 items to enable the proper analyses and evaluation of the research question raised. The reliability of the instrument was ascertained using the test-retest method. Data collection was analysed using simple percentages. The anaylsis reviewed that Adult Literacy Centres made use of minimum ICT equipment and mediums to aid the teaching and learning processes of the Adult Learners. It also revealed that facilitators in Adult Literacy Centres should be trained on the use of ICT gadgets and equipment to enable sustainable use and continuous teaching and learning. There should also be the conscious involvement and integration of ICT in Adult Literacy Centres especially because of the still present COVID19 virus Pandemic.

Municipal solid waste has become more challenging to manage as the population and the use for land increases, the estimation of the energy value of waste is essential to the409kj management of the solid municipal waste and the production of wealth to the community. the aim is to estimate the amount of energy by the waste produced the designated study area can produce using Dulong’s formula, In the study, the energy valued waste was collected from the faculty of engineering of the University of Benin, Benin city, Edo state. Different waste components, such as food, plastic, papers, agricultural and wood waste were collected and there elemental components such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur, potassium and nitrogen were analysed to get the dry weight, wet weight, Percentage of mass base, moisture content, chemical compositions, molar mass, chemical formula and the energy content The Estimating of energy content from municipal waste was performed successfully, all objectives were accomplished, the examination of the composition of municipal waste was performed and we discovered the percentage dry mass basis of each component, the percentage mass of each of the component of solids where determined, the overall moisture content was also determined from the sample collected and the energy value was calculated to be 897.409kj, the sustainability was checked and it was discovered that it could generate about 4.01% of energy needed for the University which is a great way of converting waste to wealth.

This study evaluated the many waste streams produced at the University of Benin and its teaching hospital in Benin City, Nigeria. Additionally, it evaluated the health risks related to the heavy metal concentrations in the soil around the waste
dumps. Each of the waste dumps on the campus and hospital undergo waste characterization through material type sorting. The findings demonstrate that the waste produced has the potential to be recycled if it is separated, and it also demonstrate that Cadmium (Cd) is above the permissible limit of WHO (1996), FEPA (1991) and US EPA (2002) in refuse dumps 5, 8 and 9 which is 0.8 mg/kg, 1 mg/ kg and 0.48 mg/ kg respectively. The ten sampled sites has cadmium concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 2.70 mg/kg, with a mean of 0.49 + 0.810mg/kg. In refuse dump 5, the Zinc concentration was higher than the
50mg/kg acceptable limit established by WHO (1996). Chromium (Cr) concentrations in the ten sampled sites are higher than the permissible limit which is 0.20 mg/kg, according to the FEPA (1991) guideline. It’s concentration ranges from 1.70 mg/ kg to 8.05 mg/ kg with a mean of 4.28 + 2.23 mg/ kg in the ten sampled sites. The lead (Pb) threshold set by FEPA (1991) is 0.05 mg/ kg and it shows that the concentration of lead in refuse dumps 4, 8 and 10 exceed the threshold. Manganese was the metal with the highest concentrations with a range of 26.10 to 124.40 mg/ kg and a mean of 64.5 + 34.73 mg/ kg which was above the permissible limit of WHO (2004) and FEPA (1991) which are 12 mg/kg and 0.05 mg/ kg respectively.