2021

This research work seeks to examine the international response to the Ebola epidemic in West Africa with reference to the Nigeria containment of Ebola Virus. The largest Ebola Virus Disease outbreak in history exploded across West Africa.1 The World Health Organization reported a total of 21,296 Ebola virus disease (EVD) cases, including 13,427 laboratory confirmed EVD cases reported from the three most affected countries Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone in 2014. Nigeria’s first case of EVD was officially announced in July, 2014. In an effort to tackle the Ebola outbreak in Nigeria, the Federal Government, drawing on the experience of the Emergency Operation Centre’s work with polio, declared Ebola a public health emergency and mobilized human, financial and material resources to contain the epidemic. Nigeria was officially declared Ebola free on 20th October 2014.2 However, the current Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) had spread internationally from the DRC into neighbouring Uganda and it ranks as the second deadliest outbreak in history. This ongoing epidemic hereby calls for intensified disease monitoring at the Nigerian border posts, health centers and communities, and a prompt review of preparedness activities in the country to prevent another outbreak.3 It is against this backdrop, that this chapter seeks to examine the international response to the Ebola epidemic in West Africa with reference to the Nigeria containment of Ebola Virus. 8 Ebola virus disease (EVD) was one of the emerging viral diseases listed in the World Health Organization’s International Health Regulation. It was an epidemic and pandemic prone disease. The virus often consumes the population. Ebola virus causes severe disease in humans and in non-human primates in the form of viral hemorrhagic fever.4 This viral hemorrhagic fever was one of the most virulent viral diseases known to humankind. Close contact with blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected animals allows the introduction of EVD into the human population. After an incubation period of about a week, victims rapidly develop high fever, diarrhoea, vomiting, respiratory disorders and haemorrhage. Death ensues within a few days.5 According to World Health Organization, the Ebola virus disease came into Lagos Nigeria on the 20th of July, 2014 through an infected Liberian diplomat, Patrick Sawyer. Patrick Sawyer who was the first index case of an acutely ill traveller had travelled from Liberia via Accra, Ghana, to Lomé, Togo and arrived at the Lagos International Airport on the 20th of July, 2014. Patrick Sawyer was on his way to Calabar, Cross River State, for a conference of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).6 In the departure hall of the Liberian International Airport, Patrick Sawyer was visibly ill, lying on the floor of the departure lounge while awaiting the flight. He vomited during the flight, on arrival at the Murtala Muhammed International Airport, Lagos and again in the private car that drove him to a private hospital. The Liberian was a 40 year old Diplomat of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), his status allowed air

This study is a philosophical examination into the problems and challenges of the consequence of confidentiality medical practice. Historically, particularly, with the time of Hippocrates, medical practice began to be seen as an organized profession guided by some ethical rules and norms. Certain conditions were set and required to be met or sustained in the practice of medicine. One of such principles and rules was/is the importance of confidentiality of doctor-patient’s relationship. The principle of
confidentiality admonishes physicians to adhere and maintain the right of keeping patient’s health record(s) secret and that only the patient is expected or allowed to be disclosed with the true nature or status of his or her health situation. In other words, the principle of confidentiality in medical practice argues that doctors are obligated never to disclose the health status of his or her patient to a third party but must always respect the ethical law of confidentiality by ensuring that the health result or report of the patient is been disclose to another person neither to be made available to the general public or to the community. Ironically, keeping to the tenet of this principle or this ethical law appears to be elusive today as there evidences of the violations of this ethical law. There are debates today among ethicists as to whether should this ethical norm be continually
adhered to at all course and in all situations. Some medical practitioners have argued that such ethical norm be abolished; others continued to argue in support of keeping to this norm. In order to argue against or in defense of the practice of confidentiality in medical practice, different moral theories have been employed by different moral philosopher in defense for and against it. Such theories may include Deontologism, Consequentialism, Emotivism, Situationism, and many others. In this study however, the moral theory of situationism was adopted and the study posits that while the ethical norm of confidentiality is plausible, it is however, not without some challenges. Thus, the study concludes that in keeping to the consequence of confidentiality in medical practice, certain situations much be given considerations.

This study was to access the effectiveness of Social Studies education in ameliorating social vices amongst undergraduates in Faculty of Education, University of Benin. Four research questions were raised to guide the study. The population for the study consists of students from the eight Department in Faculty of Education, University of Benin, Benin City. A sample size of 240 students were randomly selected for the study. The instrument used for data collection was questionnaire, which was developed by the researcher, validated by the project supervisor before it was administered by the researcher. The data collected were tabulated according to the researcher questions and analyzed with the use of simple percentage. The results revealed that curriculum content of Social Studies has helped to ameliorate social vices among undergraduate students such as cultism, stealing, drug abuse, exam malpractice and thuggery, It was also revealed that the challenges encountered by undergraduate students in keeping up with social norms and values are peer pressure, family background, unhealthy use of social media, difficulty in getting a good role model and poverty. It was therefore recommended that efforts should be made for teacher training, seminars, forums, and workshops to familiarize teachers with the curriculum and to improve teacher competence and provide them with relevant materials, teachers and lecturers should be empowered and exposed to a variety of ways of improving their own knowledge and skills, finally, the government needs to compensate teachers by paying good salaries and allowances to facilitate teaching and learning and inculcate good morals in students, as is being done in other sectors of the economy

Thе ѕuссеѕѕ оf ѕuѕtаіnаblе аgrісulturе dереndѕ nоt juѕt оn thе mоtіvаtіоnѕ, ѕkіllѕ, аnd knowledge of individual farmers, but оn асtіоn tаkеn by the аgrісulturаl еxtеnѕіоn аgеnсу іn hаrmоnіѕіng thе асtіvіtіеѕ оf оthеr аgеnсіеѕ involved іn аgrісulturаl development. This study assessed the effectiveness of extension workers in coordinating agriculture and rural development activities in Edo State, Nigeria. specific objectives of the study were tо exаmіnе thе реrѕоnаl сhаrасtеrіѕtісѕ оf agricultural еxtеnѕіоn wоrkеrѕ, extent tо which they реrfоrm аgrісulturаl and rural dеvеlорmеnt асtіvіtіеѕ, hоw еffесtіvеness іn thе сооrdіnаtіоn оf аgrісulturаl аnd rurаl dеvеlорmеnt activities and the constraints to coordination of еxtеnѕіоn wоrkеrѕ іn Edo State.

This study examines local-state government relations and issues of local government autonomy in Nigeria using Edo State 2010 – 2018. The study adopted the survey design on the foundation to which data were sourced from a sample of 120 respondents. The study adopted the chi-square to aanalyse the research hypotheses. The result shows that there is no significant relationship between local government and state government in Edo State. Secondly, the findings show that there is significant relationship between State Joint Local Government Account and the financial autonomy of Local Government Councils. The study further shows that there is a slight significant relationship between the administrative structures of Local Government Councils and control and manipulations of the State Government. The study recommends that in order to ensure smooth and cordial relationship between the State and the Local Government in the areas of fiscal relations, there is need for either restructuring or total abolition of the State Joint Local Government Account in the South Western Nigeria States. This is to ensure the efficiency and effectiveness and accountability of the Local Government in rural development. In the case of restructuring, the federal Government should re-examine the section that provide for the creation of the State Joint Local Government Account in order to ensure proper monitoring and punishment from the organ that violate the laid down procedure. This could be achieved by the introduction of machinery assessment and supervision of policies and projects that the allocations send to the State Joint Local Government Account is used for. This will largely reduce the extent at which the state Government tamper with the Local Government in the areas of rural development and to a large extent increase the level of autonomy of Local Government of the region. On the other hand, the State Joint Local Government Account could be abolished to ensure that there is no intermediary between the Local Government and The Federal Government in the distribution of allocation. This will enable the Local Government to be responsible and accountable for all her actions and inaction. This will eradicate unjustifiable coordination of the State Joint Local Government Account by the State Government. Hence, if any of these recommendations is being tested, it will go a long way in reducing the over-dependency of the Local Government on the State Government. This will end up strengthening the Local Government in their autonomy, rural development and accountability, and the efficiency and effectiveness in the policy formulation and implementation.

This study dealt on the Examination of Safety Practices in Biology Laboratory at Senior Secondary School in Warri South Local Government Area of Delta State. The questionnaire was the instrument for data collection. Data was collected from one hundred (100) public senior secondary school teachers and
students selected from five public senior secondary schools in Warri South Local Government Area of Delta State. The questionnaire was the instrument for data collection. The descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. An analysis of data was done using descriptive statistics which include frequency count and simple percentage.The findings from the study include that the type of design and fitting in the biology laboratory do not ensure safety in senior secondary schools in Warri South Local Government Area of Delta State.It was concluded that that there is inadequate laboratory equipment. The researcher also concluded that the services of laboratory assistants and personnel ensure safety in biology laboratory and that safety practices are applied by the students during practical section in biology laboratory in Senior Secondary Schools in Warri South Local Government Area of
Delta State. Some of the recommendations made include that government should provide funds to equip scanty laboratories building for practical’s that can accommodates both student and their teacher to make teaching easier and leaning faster. It was also recommended that laboratory building should be set aside at the school environment in order to avoid distractions.

This study, which evaluated the Effects of Speed FM's Pidgin English Language Broadcasting on Benin Residents Edo state, was anchored on the tenets of the Information Processing theory. The survey design was adopted, with a 14-item questionnaire to elicit data from 400 respondents selected from the total population of 1,781,999 residents of Benin City through purposive sampling technique. Data obtained were presented and analyzed with the aid of frequency tables and simple percentages. Findings revealed that most residents of Benin are actually exposed to Speed FM's broadcast Also, the extent ofexposure they have to Speed FM's Pidgin English programmes and how regularly they have access to it is high. It was also discovered that the residents of Benin City are drawn to the socio economic issues of Benin City through Speed FM's broadcast. Therefore, the study concludes that Speed FM appeals to majority of Benin residents and majority of the residents see their broadcast as interpretative and educative. It was however recommended that Broadcast journalists should engage in interpretative and investigative journalism and that more grass root radio stations should be established for citizens from the lowest rung of the social ladder to also have access to information,entertainment and education throigh the broadcast media

The challenge of moral decadence in Nigerian Society has led to disorderliness and have also led to devaluation of values, this is due to the decline in parental authority and the influence of technological advancement as it af ects theinculcation of right values. The aims and objective of this essay was to unravel what these causes are, and to prof er solution to how this challenge couldbecurbed. The findings of this essay from documented evidences in the text, has led to recommending a moral education and reorientation to curb the problemof moral degradation in order to enhance social order.

This study examined the impact of remittances on the health sector in Nigeria for the period of 1981-2019. The main objective of this research work is to examine the impact of remittances on the health sector in Nigeria. The study used Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) to examine the relationship between remittances and health sector in Nigeria. The study found the level of remittances has both a positive and significant impact on the health sector both in the short and long run. Also, level of expenditure on education was found to have both a positive and significant impact on the health sector both in the short and long run. Also, level of physical capital was found to have a positive and significant impact on the health sector both in the short and but a positive and insignificant impacton it in the long run. Finally, Real GDP was found to have a positive and significant on the health sector in the short run but a negative and insignificant impact on the health sector in the long run. Seeing that remittances is a catalyst to the health sector, the study therefore recommends that the costs of transfer of remittances can be waived or significantly reduced if it is specifically tagged for healthcare. Still building on the defiscalization of migrant savings linked to payments for healthcare in source
country in order to attract more remittances from abroad. Also, the government should constantly review upward of budgetary allocation to education sector in Nigeria. This will increase health education of Nigerians and in the long run boost the health sector and economy at large.

In evaluating the performance of organic coating (Polyethylene Tape) in the corrosion protection of mild steel pipelines, pipelines around the shores of Escravos in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria with organic coating (Polyethylene tape) installed at the soil-to-air interface (Transition section) for 14 years was considered in the scope of this study. This was to provide performance data when considering the use of Polyethylene Tape coating on the of pipeline transition section
that is susceptible to accelerated corrosion attack due to numerous environmental variables.Corrosion damage ranging from surface rust to mild external corrosion were noted on the specimen pipeline surfaces and with no evidence of through wall perforation noted on the
polyethylene tape coating, however, coagulation failure (Adhesive failure between adhesive
layer and pipe surface) was observed in all specimen examined. A limitation in the effectiveness of organic coating (Polyethylene Tape) in corrosion protection of mild steel due to its none continuous spread (many joining points) over the coated pipeline surfaces thereby providing failure prone locations was established.