Moringa oleifera

Twenty male wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 5). Group I (control)received dis tilled water, while Groups II, III, and IV received 150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 600 mg/kg of Moringa oleifera extract, respectively, via oral administration for 28 days. Body weights were taken in a weekly schedule, major organs (heart, kidney, liver, lungs and spleen) were harvested, weighed, preserved for histopathological investigations and organ weight index was calculated. Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism, with a statistical significance level of p < 0.05. The extract caused continuous body weight gain in all the treatment groups and there were no significant differences between them with the control showing that the metabolic and physiological functioning was preserved. The organ weight index of the liver, kidney, heart, spleen and the lungs were normal and did not show any hypertrophy or atrophy based on the doses. The histopathological examination showed minimal hepatic steatosis in the control group, and moderate steatosis at 600 mg/kg, no necrosis or inflammation. There was normal tissue in the kidneys, heart and spleen. The lungs of the rats treated with 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg, however, had diffuse alveolar damage that was characterized by intra-alveolar edema, hyaline membrane deposition, and neutrophilic infiltration which is a phenomenon that indicates dose￾related pulmonary sensitivity. In general, the extract showed relative systemic safety at both low and moderate doses, although the development of diffuse alveolar damage at 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg means that the respiratory risk may occur at higher exposures. More experiments and mechanistic research are ix also advised in order to completely prove the safety of Moringa oleifera root extract in the long term

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major global health challenge characterized by high incidence and mortality rates. Emerging evidence supports the use of plant-derived bioactive compounds as promising agents in cancer therapeutics. This study aimed to assess the anticancer potential of phytoconstituents from Moringa oleifera, Olea europaea, Brassica oleracea, and Vitis vinifera against key colorectal cancer protein targets using in silico methods. Phytochemical constituents from these plants were compiled from literature and chemical databases, with their three-dimensional structures retrieved from PubChem. Target proteins implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis, including Human Thymidylate Synthase enzyme, 1HVY, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), 1XKK, were prepared for docking using Biovia discovery studio. Molecular docking simulations were performed with AutoDock Vina in PyRx, evaluating binding affinities and ligand interactions at active sites. Post-docking analysis and ADMET predictions were done using Biovia discovery studio and ADMETLAB, respectively.

Moringa oleifera is widely valued for its medicinal and nutritional importance,particularly its rich content of bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity of Moringa oleifera leaf extract and assess its potential role in the management of oxidative stress. Fresh Moringa leaves were collected, washed, weighed, homogenised, and extracted using standard solvent extraction procedures to obtain the crude leaf extract used for analysis.The antioxidant capacity of the extract was examined using three established assays: the Nitric Oxide (NO) scavenging assay, the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay, and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Ascorbic acid served as the reference standard. Results showed that the Moringa extract exhibited considerable antioxidant activity across all assays, with NO inhibition ranging from 36.34–57.42%, FRAP reducing power from 46.68–58.58%, and DPPH radical scavenging from 57.44–84.21%. Although these values were lower than those of pure ascorbic acid, the extract still demonstrated strong free radical–neutralizing and electron donating abilities.The significant in-vitro activity observed in this study provides scientific justification for its traditional use as a natural antioxidant and suggests that Moringa oleifera is a promising candidate for future in-vivo studies aimed at exploring its therapeutic potential in oxidative stress–related conditions