Edobor Obayuwana

Alcohol (ethanol) is a widely consumed psychoactive substance known to induce oxidative stress and gastrointestinal mucosal damage, particularly in the stomach. Chronic alcohol exposure generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and disrupts mucosal integrity. M melatonin on alcohol-induced gastric toxicity in adult male Wistar rats. Forty adult male Wistar rats (150–180 g) were randomly divided into four groups (n=10): control, melatonin only (5 mg/kg), alcohol only and melatonin plus alcohol. All treatments were administered orally via gavage for 28 days. After the exposure period, a weight test was done, and gastric tissues were harvested for histopathological analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with significance set at p<0.05. Alcohol induced ulceration in the mucosa of the stomach, and the ulcer induced was irregularly -shaped. The control group showed a normal gastric architecture, while the group given alcohol only exhibited disruption of the muscularis mucosa with the formation of a irregular-shaped ulcer. The group given alcohol and melatonin showed that melatonin attenuated the ulcerative lesion in the stomach, indicating that melatonin effectively resolved alcohol-induced gastric injury.

Lawsonia inermis commonly known as henna has been used traditionally, especially in ayurvedic medicine, for various conditions including liver ailments, and reported to have hepatoprotective properties. This study aims to study the effect of aqueous extract of L.
inermis leaves in acute ethanol induced hepatic damage in adult Wistar rats. Thirty (30) female rats were equally divided into five (5) groups (I-V). Group I which served as control received distilled water for 28 days. Group II received Lawsonia inermis for 28 days. Group
III received 100 mg/kg of lead acetate only for 28 days. Group IV simultaneously received 100 mg/kg of lead acetate and treated with 70mg/kg of silymarin for 28 days to serve as reference drug. Group V simultaneously received 100mg/kg of lead acetate and treated with
200mg/kg of L. inermis for 28 days. Group VI simultaneously received 100mg/kg of lead acetate and treated with 400mg/kg of L. inermis for 28 days. Group VII received 400mg/kg of L. inermis and followed with 100mg/kg of lead acetate after 30 minutes for 28 days. All
animals were sacrificed on the twenty ninth (29th) day. Body weight changes and liver body weight index were determined. Liver tissues were collected for assessment of enzymes concentration, and also for haematoxylin and eosin staining. Body weight increased in all
groups from initial mean weight of 180.1 g, though significantly (p<0.05) only in Group IV, Group V and Group VI. Liver body weight index was highest in Group I, and was significantly (p<0.05) different from Group III and Group V. Lead administration reduced level of enzyme aspartate Transferase significantly and increased the value of total bilirubin significantly of (P<0.05) although decrease was seen in enzymes like unconjugated bilirubin, alkaline phosphate and alanine Transferase and increased in conjugated bilirubin but these
were not significant to (P<0.05) H&E staining revealed attenuation of the effects of Lead administration by the extract and silymarin, though the extract proved more effective at 400 mg/kg dose and duration of 28 days. Promising result was also observed in the group that
received 200mg/kg dose over a duration of 28 days.

Alcohol (ethanol) is a widely consumed psychoactive substance known to induce oxidative stress and gastrointestinal mucosal damage, particularly in the duodenum. Chronic alcohol exposure generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and disrupts mucosal integrity. Melatonin, a neurohormone synthesized in the pineal gland and gastrointestinal tract, exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and may offer protection against alcohol-induced tissue injury. To Investigate the Effects of Melatonin on Alcohol induced duodenal Toxicity in Adult Wistar Rats. Twenty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=5): control, alcohol only (50% ethanol), melatonin only (5 mg/kg), and melatonin plus alcohol. All treatments were administered orally via gavage for 28 days. After the exposure period, blood samples were collected to assess oxidative stress markers, and duodenal tissues were harvested for histopathological analysis. Statistical analysis were performed using one-way ANOVA with significance set at p<0.05. Alcohol induced ulcer in the mucosa of the duodenum and the ulcer induced was a funnel shaped. The group given melatonin and alcohol showed protective effect, preventing alcohol induced ulceration. In conclusion, melatonin at 5mg/kg prevented against alcohol-induced duodenal ulceration in wistar rats.