VIOLENCE

The #EndBadGovernance protest saw once again the brutal tendencies of the Nigerian government and law enforcement. The constant violations by way of brutal crackdowns and indiscriminate headhunting pose many problems to the enjoyment of the right to rotest. Protest is a core element for the existence and consolidation of democratic tes. espite the constellation of international, regional, and national legal frameworks protecting this right it is still in constant violation. The aim of this research is to enlighten readers on the makeup of the right to protest along with the inherent limitations of the right. It also seems to divulge the role of the state, law enforcement and the judiciary in the promotion and protection of this right. This research uses a doctrinal approach with an expository tone to set the pace throughout the work. It gives a historical background of protest along with the legal frameworks protecting it. This research identifies the government and the law enforcement as being instrumental in the continuous violation of this right. The study recommends that as the backbone of democracy, the right to protest should be given full attention. Particularly concerning legislations and treatises covering it. Case laws go a long way to explain how a law should be interpreted, this lends credence to the crucial role of the judiciary. The vital role of protest in society cannot be overemphasized: the right and freedom of protesters — too much or too little.

This study focuses on evaluating the causes of intimate partner violence in Ovia North East Local Government Area, Edo State, and five research questions were formulated to guide the study. The study employed a descriptive research design. The population for the study comprised of seven thousand six hundred and seventy-nine (7,679) residence in Ovia North East Local Government Area of Edo State. Random sampling techniques were used in the selection of respondents, the sample size was made up of two hundred (200) randomly selected respondents from Ovia North East Local Government Area in Edo state. The findings show that domestic violence can adversely affect the physiological, psychological, emotional, financial, wellbeing of a victim and any witness when the crime is carried out. It was observed that domestic violence can lead to death of victim in most severe cases, majority of the respondent
agreed that the education of a girl child can be disrupted or harshly affected thereby causing depression, loss of interest in school activities and even the abuse of hard drugs amongst others and It is observed that social workers are capable of sensitizing the general public about the cases of domestic violence and its effect and educating them on how to report cases of domestic violence as the protection against domestic violence is a very important in the achievement of a healthy family and society at large. This work also recommended that Seminars should be organized to enlighten girl child on the disadvantages of cohabiting with a partner and rehabilitation centers should be built, adequately structured and equipped with well trained
professionals from every related field of concern in order to enhance the behaviours of the perpetrator

This essay focuses on the offence of rape with respect to the position of the law under the violence Against Persons (Prohibition) Act, 2015 which states that the offence of rape has gone beyond only men being capable of committing the offence of rape. The medium through which rape can be committed is the vagina, mouth and anus which is unlike the position of the law under the Criminal Code Act, Child Rights Act, Criminal Laws of Lagos State and the Penal Code which states that the offence of rape could only be committed through penetration of the vagina. Also, section 1(1)(a) of the Violence Against Persons (Prohibition) Act
provides that the penis is not the only instrument of rape. The instruments of rape includes objects, such as, pens, pencils and dildos. This project expands the o fence of rape under the Violence Against Persons (Prohibition) Act, 2015 and is to the aim that the Violence Against Persons (Prohibition) should be domesticated by every states in Nigeria and the definition of the offence of rape should be amended in various legislations which defines the offence of rape