Type 2 diabetes

The increasing prevalence of Type 2 diabetes poses a significant public health concern, particularly among working professionals such as teachers, whose demanding schedules and lifestyle habits may contribute to their risk of developing the disease. This study investigates the influence of dietary changes, physical activity, and lifestyle modifications on the prevention of Type 2 diabetes among teachers in Egor Local Government Area, Edo State. The study employed a descriptive survey research design, and data were collected through a structured questionnaire distributed to public secondary school teachers. The findings reveal that while most respondents acknowledge the importance of maintaining a balanced diet in diabetes prevention, a considerable number still consume excessive processed and fast foods, indicating the need for improved dietary awareness and education. Additionally, teachers recognize the role of regular physical activity in reducing diabetes risk, yet workload constraints and lack of structured fitness programs hinder their participation in exercise routines. The study further highlights the impact of workplace wellness initiatives in fostering healthier lifestyle choices among educators. Despite the recognized benefits of lifestyle modifications, challenges such as busy schedules, unhealthy dietary habits, and limited institutional support restrict full adherence to preventive measures. The study underscores the need for increased health education, targeted policy interventions, and structured workplace wellness programs to promote diabetes prevention among teachers. It recommends the integration of nutritional education and physical activity support systems into school policies and teachers' professional development programs. Addressing these barriers will be essential in reducing the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes in this population, ultimately improving teachers' overall health and productivity

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing public health burden in Nigeria, largely driven by insulin resistance. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has emerged as a simple, reliable surrogate marker for insulin resistance, but evidence from Nigerian populations remains limited. This case–control study evaluated the TyG index in 100 adults (50 T2DM patients and 50 non- diabetic controls) recruited from healthcare facilities in Benin City. Fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, and body mass index (BMI) were measured using standard procedures, and the TyG index was calculated, compared between groups, and correlated with demographic and clinical variables. The mean TyG index was significantly higher in T2DM subjects (9.24 ± 0.06) compared with controls (8.62 ± 0.02; p < 0.001). Overall, 79% of participants were classified into moderate-to-extreme TyG risk categories, predominantly among diabetic subjects. Within the T2DM group, the TyG index correlated strongly with fasting blood glucose (r = 0.734, p < 0.001), moderately with triglycerides (r = 0.455, p = 0.001), and weakly with BMI (r = 0.218, p = 0.029). Significant positive correlations were also observed with age (r = 0.486, p < 0.001) and presence of complications (r = 0.423, p = 0.002), whereas no associations were found with sex, family history, or duration of diabetes. The study concludes that the TyG index is significantly elevated in T2DM patients in Benin City and correlates with age, glycemic status, and complications, underscoring its potential as a low-cost, clinically meaningful marker of insulin resistance and metabolic risk in resource-limited settings.

Background: Diabetes accounts for increased mortality from comorbid diseases such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease, and cancer. Diabetic patients are exposed to chronic stress due to issues such as anxiety about diabetic complications. Diabetic patients are exposed to chronic stress due to issues such as anxiety about diabetic complications. little is known about spirituality, self-management activities, health-related beliefs, and lived experience with type 2 diabetes (T2D) especially in Benin City Nigeria
Aim: This study aims to explore the spirituality and beliefs of patients who are self-managing their type 2 diabetes to further understand the unique cultural factors influencing diabetes self- management. Methods: Purposive sampling technique was used to select two (2) hospitals in Benin City. The total of Benin Teaching Hospital and 100 Edo Specialist Hospital. The Tao Yamane formula was used to derive a sample size of 170 participants. Convenient sampling method was used to recruit participant. The use of Spirituality Questionnaire (SQ) and was Diabetes Self-Management Instrument Short Form(DSMI-20) used to obtain information from the respondents. Inferential statistics was used to summarize the data. Alpha level was 0.05. Results: There was significant correlation between spirituality and betes self-management
(r=0.205, p=0.007). there was no significant correlation between gender and comorbidities with spirituality and self management of T2DM. Conclusion:. In conclusion, prayers, belief connected to a higher being, helps the diabetic patient rise above the limitations of the diabetic disease. This study showed that the tendency of individual practicing self-care, usually increases as they become more spiritually inclined