FACULTY OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE

Water is one of the elements and the necessity that most major global to the daily life. The physico-chemical properties of the upstream, midstream and downstream of Udu River in Delta State, Nigeria were investigated in this work. The properties
were compared to the World Health Organization (WHO). The physico-chemical properties considered and their average values are pH (7.06 ± 1.01), temperature (31.33 ± 0.58℃), turbidity (10.22±1.10 NTU), alkalinity (8.77±0.68 mg/L), electrical conductivity (140.03±62.50 𝜇S/cm), dissolved oxygen (2.67±0.25 mg/L), biochemical oxygen demand (1.65±0.35 mg/L), total dissolved solids (79.82±35.61 mg/L), total suspended solids (0.87±0.56 mg/L), nitrate (5.19±0.51 mg/L), chloride (6.67±2.96mg/L), bicarbonate (2.51±0.27 mg/L), sulphate (1.13±0.32 mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (16.00±5.29 mg/L), phosphate (8.06±4.34 mg/L), total hardness (15.61±2.13 mg/L), iron (0.77±0.12 mg/L), zinc (0.01±0.01 mg/L), Chromium (0.18±0.07 mg/L), manganese (0.07±0.06 mg/L), copper (0.03±0.00), sodium (0.70±0.00 mg/L) and potassium (0.82±0.00 mg/L). The values of the
physico-chemical properties in comparison with the WHO standards of portable water indicate that Udu River needs to be constantly monitored in order to preserve its quality for safe consumption.

This thesis focuses on the importance of good design in creating kid-friendly and entertaining applications. The research examines various design factors such as color, layout, and interaction, and their impact on user experience. The study also explores the contribution of features like audio support and progress monitoring to the overall satisfaction of young users. The objective of the study was to develop an app that provides an enjoyable reading experience while fostering learning and development in children. The authors conclude that the successful integration of design elements and consideration of young users' needs result in a successful and entertaining app.

This study aimed to investigate subsurface lithological structures at the University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria, using the 2D electrical resistivity method. Field data was acquired using the Wenner-Alpha configuration, and processed using RES2DINV software to generate 2D resistivity models. The results revealed a multi-layered subsurface structure, typically consisting of an upper layer of alluvium (soil) with varying amounts of clay, underlain by layers of shale and sandstone. The resistivity values ranged from 131 Ωm to 6239 Ωm. Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) data provided further insights, identifying five distinct layers and providing more accurate depth and thickness information compared to the Wenner array. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of the 2D electrical resistivity method in characterizing subsurface structures and provides valuable information for construction planning and geological assessments in the study area.

This study titled “A Study on the Role of Assistive Technology in Enhancing Digital Skills Acquisition Among Physically Challenged Persons” investigates how assistive technologies influence digital learning, productivity, and inclusion among physically challenged Persons in the Ugbowo–Egor axis of Benin City, Edo State. The study employed a descriptive survey design, with data collected through structured questionnaires administered to 100 Persons, of which 90 valid responses were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (SPSS v26). Findings revealed a moderate level of awareness of assistive technologies but low accessibility due to cost, inadequate awareness, and poor infrastructural support. Despite these challenges, results showed that the use of assistive tools such as voice commands, adaptive keyboards, and screen readers significantly improved Persons’ digital learning outcomes, confidence, and productivity. Correlation analysis (r = 0.684, p < 0.05) confirmed a strong positive relationship between assistive technology use and digital skill acquisition. The study concludes that assistive technologies are critical enablers of digital inclusion and economic empowerment for persons with disabilities. It recommends targeted government funding, awareness campaigns, inclusive ICT training, and the development of affordable, locally adaptable assistive tools to bridge the accessibility gap and advance sustainable digital participation for physically challenged Persons.

In recent years, due to the rapidly increasing number of features available for smart mobile devices, mobile applications are playing an important role in higher education systems. A rapid growth in the volume of available learning materials has made quick access to relevant course materials tasking for students. Therefore, it has become inherently necessary to create a system
that would adequately address the myriad of issues associated with the ease of access to educational materials as well as the availability of said materials quickly and efficiently. This aim of this project is the design and development of a course material management application on the Android Platform, using Flutter (a cross platform software framework running on Dart
Programming Language), to give each student access to relevant and beneficial course materials, as well as all prerequisite resources quickly and efficiently; thereby eradicating stress, limiting cost, and generally enhancing the academic process.

This work entails extraction, characterization and thermal stability studies with tigernut(Cyperus esculentus) oil. The Tigernut used in this work was obtained from an open market in Benin city. Oil extraction was carried out by soxhlet extraction using n-hexane as a solvent. Parameters studied were free fatty acid (FFA) content giving 0.48% as result, peroxide value(PV) with results of 1.96meq/kg and 7.80meq/kg for the raw oil and treated oil respectively, refractive index (RI) test- 69% and 69.5% brix for both raw and treated oil respectively and measurement of absorbance of the raw and treated oil at 234nm and 270nm. Additionally, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to identify the functional groups present in the oil. Findings indicate that the oil is thermally stable when treated with heat. Due to the highly nutritional properties of this oil, it has found wide usefulness in culinary arts, pharmaceutical products and even cosmetics

This research study aimed to produce 1-ethyl-2-methyl-4-nitroimidazole-5-thiol. Initially, N,N-diethyloxamide (Compound 1) was created through the reaction between diethyloxalate and ethylamine. Following this, 5-chloro-1-ethyl-2-methylimidazole
(Compound 2) was formed by treating N,N-diethyloxamide with phosphorus pentachloride. Compound 2 underwent nitration to produce 5-chloro-1-ethyl-2-methyl-4- nitroimidazole. The subsequent reaction of Compound 3 with thiourea resulted in the
formation of 1-ethyl-2-methyl-4-nitroimidazole-5-thiol. The purity of the compounds was assessed using thin-layer chromatography, recrystallization, and melting point determination methods.

In this project, I developed a web application to Educate users on social engineering by testing them with real life scenarios to familiarize them with social engineering tricks. The application is designed using mainly the Java technology, it is designed as a web application so it can run on browsers, as a result, the user interfaces are developed using web technologies such as HTML5, CSS3 and JavaScript. The application logic is developed using Java beans and Java Servlet. The application is designed using the Model-View-Controller approach (MVC). The data persistent layer is maintained using the MySQL relational database. The simulator developed will help the users easily identify social engineering attacks, this will help in the long-lasting battle against social engineering.

This project work will introduced the reader to the concept of metrics (a class of functions which is regarded as generalization of the notion of distance) and metric spaces with examples. It emphasises the notion of vector space which generalizes
the concept of addition and scalar multiplication. The notion of inner product allows us to generalize the notion of the dot product of vectors. It also allows us to talk about angle between vectors, and their norms. We can discuss the notion of distance between vectors. Also the combination of inner product with a vector gives a scalar. An inner product space is a special type of vector space that has mechanism for computing a version of dot product that can be defined in real or complex vector space, as long as it satisfies some conditions. The properties arising from a metric in an inner product space is important example of a metric space

This study determined and compared the values of exchangeable cations Mg2+,Ca2+,Na+,K+,and cation exchange capacity(CEC) of clay soil samples in Nigeria, using different pH media (4,5,7,8).Two different clay soil were analysed. Ammonium acetate displacement method was used for the analysis. The chemical analysis were performed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry(AAS),to determine the Mg2+,Ca2+content;Flame photometer to determine Na+,K+,content andColorimeter; used to determine ammonium nitrogen content.The result showed that Sample 1,Exchangeable cations (E.C) for Mg 2+had its highest at pH 7(0.198±0.03) and its lowest value at pH 4(0.142±0.04), Ca2+ had its highest at pH 7(2.692±0.08) and its lowest value at pH 5(1.188±0.16), Na+had its highest value at pH 8 (1.884±0.05) and its lowest value at pH 5(0.409±0.03), andK+ had its highest value at pH7(0.926±0.09) and its lowest value at pH 8 (0.415±0.03)The result showed that Sample 2, Exchangeablecations (E.C) for Mg2+, had its highest at pH 5(0.047±0.002) and its lowest value at pH 8(0.032±0.003), Ca2+had its highest at pH 8(1.339±0.08)and its lowest value at pH4(0.349±0.06),Na+had its highest value at pH8(2.185±0.04) and its lowest value at pH 4(1.598±0.08), and K+ had its highest value at pH 8(0.693±0.06) and its lowest value at pH 5(0.415±0.07). Generally there was a decrease in CEC as the pH increased in the acidic media from pH 4 to 5 and an increase in the CEC as the pH approached neutral, and also a decrease when the pH was increased to 8(basic medium).From the results obtained,it is evident that pH is animportant soil property,because when the clay sample was treated at different pH,the values of the cations as well as their exchangecapacity was greatly was affected i.e they had different pH values when subjected to different medium